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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, SHINSUKE KATO, SHIN-ICHI AKABAYASHl
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
1-9
Published: March 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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It is hardly possible to visualize the details of turbulent air flow structure with the traditional visualization system. In order to visualize the detailed characteristics of turbulent air flow, the system with laser light sheet is designed. Air flow problems in building environmental engineering, such as turbulent air flow around buildings or dust diffusion in room model are visualized by means of this system. The source of light sheet is Argon ion laser (4 W) which is set on the traversing unit. The high power laser beam is changed into the light sheet by cylindorical lens. Powder of Mg_2CO_3 is used as the particle tracer. The results are as follows. (1) With this system, it is possible to take photographs which clarify the fine structure of vortices in turbulent air flow. (2) It is also possible to visualize the details of dust diffusion process in room model or those of gas diffusion process from the building stack.
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KEN-ICHI NARITA, TAKESHI SEKINE, TOSHIKAZU TOKUOKA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
10-20
Published: March 30, 1986
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In order to assess the role of latent heat flux in urban climates, it is necessary to understand the evaporation rate in complex air flow around buildings. For this purpose, we made wind tunnel experiments in turbulent flow with the use of evaporation measurement by salinity change in the salt water vessels. In this paper, we report the distribution of mass transfer coefficient' (k) on flat plane and around two dimensional models. As for flat plane, evaporation rate by forced convection is in proportion to -1/5 power of Reynolds number. In spite of the difference of vertical profiles in boundary layer, k is determined by mean wind velocity at the top of boundary layer. On the contrary, k is proportional to R. M. S. of turbulent velocity near the surface and the relations to mean wind velocity vary with roughness condition. Regarding the surroundings of buildings, k is in accord with air flow around it. Namely, downdraft along windward wall increases k in front of building (1.3-1.5), and about leeward k is small in wake (0.5-0.7) and has a peak in reattachment area (1.5-1.7). Between buildings, k is tend to be large in downstream because of circular flow, and average value of k is maximum on the condition of L/H≒2. As a whole, the deterioration of mean wind velocity around buildings reduces k by a factor of 0.3-0.6, while for same mean wind velocity k is one and half times as large as that of flat plane owing to the increment of turbulence.
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FUSAO HASEGAWA, KEN-ICHI KIMURA, HIROSHI YOSHINO, YOSHIMI ISHIKAWA, HI ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
21-30
Published: March 30, 1986
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This paper shows the experimental results on the thermal performance of the passive solar test house. The house contains two rooms which are south-facing and one corridor settled between the two test rooms. At first, it is confirmed that the two test rooms have the same air-tightness and the same daily air temperature profile. For one part of our investigation, one test room is equipped with a passive system and the other one is not equipped. For another part of our investigation, each room was equipped with a different type of passive system. After measuring the room temperature, the solar radiation etc., over a period of two or three weeks, the performance of the passive system is evaluated by comparing the indoor temperature profiles of the two rooms. The results of the experiments are shown as follows. (1) It was confirmed that the two test rooms had the same degree of airtightness and the same daily air temperature profile under the same conditions. (2) The air temperature of the room which gains solar radiation through the south-facing window reaches 45℃ in the daytime. The daily mean temperature of this room is about 10℃ higher than that of the room with no solar radiation. (3) The air temperature of the room with the night insulating weather shutter is about 5℃ higher during the night than that of the room with no shutter. (4) When the room is furnished with a partition made of insulating material, the air temperature of the northern portion of the room which gains solar radiation through the clearstory is 10℃ higher than that of the northern portion of the other room which receives no solar radiation.
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MAKOTO OHARA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
31-41
Published: March 30, 1986
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Repair and renovation works in the building lifetime are usually executed while the buildings are in use and require considerable amount of incident work, and the reduction in incidental work is of great importance. In the case of repair or renovation of some building element, other accompanying elements which must be removed temporarily in advance, are considerd to exist on the "shallow" position to the repaired element Such relation "accessibility hierarchy", can be indicated as a tree chart drawn continuously from the earth to finishes. This chart can clearly indicate a group of accompanying element works in repair and renovation. Planned lifetime of deeper element in the "accessibility hierarchy" should not be shorter than the lifetime of the adjacent shallower element, and the deeper lifetime should be an integer multiple of the shorter one. Longer economic lifetime, having a wide latitude, may be easily adjusted without any specification change. This co-ordination system can synchronize the lifetime of a deeper building element to the adjacent shallower building element lifetime. The preceding life cycle co-ordination system, as. 2^n cycle, can reduce accompaning works and propose a scheduled repair and renovation in building lifetime.
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YASUSHI NAGASAWA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
42-52
Published: March 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The objective of the study is to analyze quantitatively the frequency of visits to patients' bedrooms paid by ward nurses, aiming at evaluating current ward layout/planning of general hospitals in Japan. The surveys were carried out in 42 wards in 10 hospitals. Number of visits by every nursing staff is recorded for 24 hours. Two different survery method were introduced. One is to record by observers, the other is to record by nursing staff themselves. Miscount ratio of the latter was checked in one survey by carrying out both method simultaneously. The results of the analysis are abstracted as follows; 1) Total number of visits in surgical wards slightly exceeds to those in medical wards. 2) 40-50 % in the number of total visits is recorded during day duty hours, 30-40 % in evening duty and about 20 % in night duty. 3) Great difference in the number of visits was recorded among staffs as well as patients' bedrooms, especially between the rooms accommodating seriously ill patients and those not accommodating them. 4) The ratio of scheduled visits to the total number of the visits increases in evening and night compared with day time. 5) The length of stay per each visit is 1.6-3.2 minutes on average. 6) There are considerable changes in the number and the length of stay according to the time of the day. The maximum numbers were recorded at around 9-10 am and and the minimum, 3-4 am.
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YASUHIRO SAKURAI, YUTAKA SHIROYA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
53-66
Published: March 30, 1986
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This paper aimes to clear the difference of living style and housing consciousness between the one who takes part in some group activities in leisure life and the others. The conclusions are as follows ; 1) The living style and housing consciousness of the one who takes part in some group activities in leisure life is summarized into the strength of personarity expression and into the strength of application consciousness, for example, they choice free design as a merit of owned house, and they variously use their reception rooms, and they mostly have their rooms for exclusive use. 2) The charactor of the one who takes part in some group activities in leisure life is especialy seen at low and middle ranking about number of rooms.
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MOTOO ANDO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
67-78
Published: March 30, 1986
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Mixed land use areas will exist in near future, and these areas will have to offer people confortable living areas. In this study we consider the necessity of improvement to get better environment in these areas. (1) Evaluation of convenience of working and confort of living in these areas. (2) Actual condition fo association and communication. (3) Evaluation of surroundings for growing up of children.
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NORITOSHI AOYANAGI, YUHJI KUSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
79-86
Published: March 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This study was carrried out for the purpose of researching into "Rural Landscape Planning Methods" in which we investigated the rural habitant concerning the sense of beauty and preferred types of landscapes by using a slidefilm test. As a result of the report "Rural Landscape" was classified into two opposing conceptions : "Traditional Rural Landscape" and "Present Facilityscape". In particular, it seems that the former is selected by non-farm households, and the latter is selected by farm-households. Generally speaking, for the most part, the present facilityscape built in recent years has a negative image. And it seems that the rural habitant is estimated highly rural landscape similar to their surrounding landscape.
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MASAKATSU MIKUNI, OSAMU NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
87-95
Published: March 30, 1986
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According to the formation of Keiyo coastal industrial area, newcomers have remarkably increased where natives have long been. In such area we searched environmental problems by analyzing the investigation of habitants consciousness. As a result, the following were discovered. (1) Among newcomers who live in companies houses or small rented houses have great disadvantage. Those who have been left from the 'policy of owing house' hold strong complaints about houses, which result in weakening their wish to domiciliate. (2) Both newcomers and natives are greatly discontented with environmental problems such as atomospheric pollution or danger of accidents caused by the industrial factories, and with the delay in constructing city facilities. These obstruct their wish to domiciliate, too. (3) People in companies' houses have strong dependence on their companies about residential and environmental problems. On the other hand, newcomers in rented houses are not easily accepted in the community system of natives. Each has obstruction in forming democratic community;newcomers and natives rarely have friendly relations with each other. (4) Under these circumstances, especially young generation of teen-agers, both of newcomers and natives, have much less difference in life consciousness mutually. There is possibility for both habitants to have more contact in future.
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KAZUNARI SAKAMOTO, NOBUYUKI ENDO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
96-104
Published: March 30, 1986
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Through the factor analysis in the previous reports concerning the iconology of house facades, seven types of building groups have been found. This report will focus on the mutual relations between these seven types analyzed from two different directions. First, a study was carried out on the mutual relations among the seven types, disposed in a factor-coordinate system in which the axes were composed of seven factors derived from the results of three-mode factor analysis in nine perceptual scales. Moreover, applying a cluster analysis to the factor-loading matrix of buildings obtained from the results of factor analysis, the group formation determined by the mutual relations between individual buildings was clarified in a factor-coordinate system. Next, a study was carried out seeking to clarify the meaning of the extraction of just seven types, an,d also to clarify the differences in group formations in the nine perceptual scales and four categories. Here, for each of the seven types, the number of factors was gradually increased in the three-mode factor analysis of both the nine perceptual scales and the four categories, and the result were compared. This step revealed the structure of group formation in terms of the mutual relations among types, and the meaning of the formation and the differences in formation among the nine scales and the four categories were clarified. In conclusion, this series of reports has attempted to clarify structurally the characteristics and roles of the iconology of form in architecture.
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AKIRA SATO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
105-110
Published: March 30, 1986
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Before mid-19 th century, many attempts were made to improve brickmaking. They were not confined in moulding but covered wide field from preparing clay to drying and burning. As a result, the basic part of the modern plastic brickmaking process was devised at this period.
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TATSUO OKAJIMA, ATSUHIKO WATANABE, KATSUHISA NODA, SIGERU WAKAYAMA, AK ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
111-121
Published: March 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The Image of the space for Japanese traditional architecture were plotted on the semantic space of gorgeousness and hardness axes, in our previous paper. The object of the present paper is to detect,the members for which make people imagine such a space and also to detect the indices by which people put eyes on those members. Six indices of layout, shape, texture, pattern, color and luster were found to be effective for considering and evaluating the members. These indices are divided into two categories. The one includes layout, shape and texture, which are correlated to form of members. The other includes pattern, color and luster, which are correlated to surface characteristics of members. Using these indices, representative members which characterize the space for Japanese traditional architecture can be determined.
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HIDETO KAWAKAMI, MITSUYOSHI TSUCHIDA, MICHIO MAEKAWA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
122-128
Published: March 30, 1986
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In this paper, we have described the relation between the change of height of NUKI (the horizontal beam tying pillars) and the process of development of church building in view of the structure of interior elevation. And, by examining the absolute height and the relative ones to the height of crossbeam and to the span of pillars we have concluded that the solution of problems on the position of NUKI has also lead the church building into perfection.
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YUKIHIRO KADO, TAKESHI KOSHINO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 361 Pages
129-136
Published: March 30, 1986
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Takeo Arishima, a reputable novelist-critic of the Shirakaba-ha (-school), built his family house in Sapporo in 1913, when he was a professor of the Agricultural College of Tohoku University since having finished his study in the United States of America. His house, a modest two-storied timber structure with a mansard (gambrel) roof, was possibly desighed by Arishima himself, who conceived its characteristic fusion of the western style in the exterior, and the general plan with the conventionally Japanese style in the interior. In the following year, Arishima moved to Tokyo with his family for medical treatment of his diseased wife. The former Arishima's house has been passed from one to another, -once owned by Dr. Kokichi Morimoto, who was one of Arishima's intimate friends and founded, with him, the Bunkafukyukai, that was a society of propagation for domestic culture,- and is, lastly, to be preserved as a Takeo Arishima's Memorial in the "Sapporo Art Forest". This paper deals with the history of the house since the realization, and the reconstruction of the original design.
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Article type: Appendix
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1986
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 361 Pages
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