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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1987
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1987
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NORIHISA HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
1-9
Published: February 28, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The necessity for a resonable structure design of an accurate and useful analysis method on the dynamic behavior of floor slabs in audio-frequency range and on the sound radiation produced has increasingly been recognized. In this paper, the achievement of in-plane and bending displacement interactive Finite Element formulation for beam-slabs is described and the vibration characteristics are investigated by the sample solution. The neutral plane in cross section of the beam-slabs is eccentric from the central plane and its distribution is changed according to the vibration mode shape in the direction of the beam. Namely, stiffening effects to the slabs due to the beams depend on the frequency range. The present analysis method is applicable to this problem, and in comparison with experimental results based on vibration mode shape and dynamic response subjected to impulsive force, the results sufficiently correspond to show that this method can be used within the bounds of practical accuracy.
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, NOBUYUKI KOBAYASHI, SHINSUKE KATO, SIN-ICHI AKABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
10-20
Published: February 28, 1987
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The characteristics of wind induced natural ventilation of dwellings are analyzed both by field experiments and wind tunnel experiments. The distributions of wind pressure coefficient of walls and those of wind velocity in rooms are clarified in detail. The experimental model house has a ventilating opening at the roof in order to increase the amount of natural ventilation. The results are as follows. (1) The correspondence of the wind pressure coefficients between the field experiments and the wind tunnel experiments is quite well. (2) The window at the roof has great effects on increasing the amount of natural ventilation. (3) The velocity distributions on room are greatly influenced with the conditions of opening. (4) In summer season the ET (New effective temperature, defined by ASHRAE) value in the room is effectively decreased by the air flow induced by the natural ventilation.
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TADAHISA KATAYAMA, AKIO ISHII, MASARU NISHIDA, JUN-ICHIRO TSUTSUMI, AK ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
21-29
Published: February 28, 1987
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Simultaneous observations of the profiles of wind velocity and air temperature are conducted at three points in an urban area with a large pond by the kytoons. From the results of observations, convective heat flux from the ground surface to air is calculated by the traverse-method. Heat flux from the pond is negative, that is, cooling. The relation between convective heat transfer coefficient and wind velocity is obtained in extensive built-up areas. Thermal environment is observed, formed at the height of 1 meter from the ground surface in the built-up area and the large pond. New standard effective temperature of the ASHRAE, SET, is calculated as the over all thermal index at the both sites. The effects of a shade tree and wisteria trellis on thermal environment are discussed.
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TADAHISA KATAYAMA, AKIO MORIAKWA, SHOICHI MASUDA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
30-43
Published: February 28, 1987
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YASUTO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
44-50
Published: February 28, 1987
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It is difficult to treat with how the radiant heat transfers inside buildings and urban spaces, because of not only including atmospheric radiation outdoors but also complex space figures and surface materials. In the paper a theory on modeling enclosure is discussed to let the problem simple and the radiant transport function is shown to be effective in developing the theory. At first, the reciprocal rule on the radiant transport function is introduced based on those of scattering, reflecting and transferring straight in the process of radiant transfer. That is useful in making the complexity of the problem reduce. A partially opened space is considered to be an enclosure, setting a supposed boundary plane. Besides, in the case of setting a supposed boundary plane in the enclosure, that is divided into two areas, the radiant transfer problem in the enclosure before separated becomes that in one between the enclosures after divided. At the same time, the reflection and the transmission regarding the supposed boundary plane should be considered, being expressed by the radiant transport functions. In such case as the enclosure having complex figure, the enclosure is changed to the more simple model with repeating the application of the supposed boundary plane. In general, the reflection and the transmission at the supposed boundary plane should be approximated for modeling enclosure in radiant transfer problem.
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YASUTO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
51-58
Published: February 28, 1987
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The radiant heat transfer problems met with in buildings and urban spaces are complex and diverse, especially different depending on the inside or outside of buildings, because of the existence of atmospheric radiation in the outdoors, but the transparency in the rooms. To overcome such difficult problems and to get systematically understanding the whole problems, the radiant transport function is proposed. It is, in an endosure, defined as the responce at any point and any direction for the excitation of the radiant energy at a point and a direction by the delta function. The radiant transport function is transformed to the radiant transport factor, in the case when the boundary surface and the space are divided into some parts in which the radiant energy is uniform. The radiant transport function indicates the characteristics of the radiant energy transported in the enclosure. Therefore, it is effective for understanding the behaviour of radiant energy that the radiant transport function is obtained in buildings and urban spaces. The radiant energy is estimated simply integrating the function with the emissive power, otherwise tedeous calculations should be performed to solve the integral equation for the radiant transfer problem. The radiant transport function may be applied to the larger scale system of the heat transfer problem including heat convection and heat conduction and to the luminous transfer problem in the more complex room.
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HISAYA ISHINO, KIMIKO KOHRI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
59-66
Published: February 28, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to obtain thermal response of internal furniture in office building. Thermal capacity of furniture is estimated through field survey in recent office buildings. Thermal delay chracteristics of various types of furniture is analyzed through experiment. The procedure of experiment is the following. 1. An adiabatic room is built in the guardroom in which temperature maintains constant. 2. Step heat input is given the adiabatic room by electric heating device and globe temperature change is measured. 3. Furniture is set in the adiabatic room. 4. Experiment is made as Procedure 2. Analysis of globe temperature change leads to obtain of thermal absorptive response of furniture for step change of room temperature. Using the results of the above field survey and experiment, it is possible to show the effect of internal furniture on space heating load.
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TAKASHI SASAKI, MOTOYA HAYASHI, NOBORU ARATANI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
67-73
Published: February 28, 1987
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Diese Abhandlung wird uber dem Luftungszustand der Luftschicht beschrieben. Der Schlusse sind wie das Folgende ; 1) Die Luft in der Lucke bewegt als die Masse. 2) Die Berechnung von Bewegung der Luft in der Lucke soll mit Luftmasse in Erwagung gezogene Methode handeln. 3) Der Verfasser haben die Berechnung-Modell der Luftung von der Luftschicht mit dem Glas-Schwingung gemacht und gerechnet. 4) Das Glas-Schwingung nimmt die Luftungmenge von der Luftschicht in der Niederfrequenz zu.
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AKIRA YOSHIMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
74-85
Published: February 28, 1987
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This study discusses how different living areas affect children's life styles. This survey was conducted in various areas, including sparsely populated, agricultural, and urbanized or city planned areas in large cities. Based on practical facts, we analyzed the relation between school districts and children's activity areas including their friends, play sites, daily playing behavior, recognition of school districts and so on. Our findings are summarized as follows : 1) Contacts with friends from different school districts, the radius of daily action consisting mainly of play, activity rate, and usage of play sites outside school districts are eloquent indices of children's activity zones. 2) The recognition of a school district does not offer a good index of the extent of childern's life zones, but rather, indicates their familiarity with their living area. 3) Children's lives are not limited within their school district, but extend beyond their boundary in after school activities such as play. If there are playing sites not far from their homes which are more attractive than those in the near vicinity, children tend to use the more distant sites. From this, it can be said that the existence of school districts does not restrict the radius of children's activities.
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HIDEKI SHIMIZU, TORU FUKUI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
86-99
Published: February 28, 1987
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6 elements (Boundary, Place, Gate, Path, Sign, Periphery) were established and defined as the constituent elements which from the structure of the exterior space regardless of its type or scale. Every combination of 2 out of 6 elements (15 cases) was discussed to identify their mutual relationship. 4 basic constituent elements (Boundary, Place, Gate, Path) were classified into 12 types by the form they take vertically and horizontally in the physical space. 2 typical examples for each classification were chosen to show the visual image of it.
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KOUJI SHIDA, MAKOTO YANAGISAWA, SHOUJI IMAI, GEN TANIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
100-110
Published: February 28, 1987
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This study discusses how to estimate the size of operating department. In this paper (Part I), we analysed some indexes required to determine the number of operating rooms, using results of investigations in 23 hospitals. The followings are the important indexes. (1) The number of operations required per unit time (eg. per day). A strong correlation was observed between the number of operations and that of newly admitted in-patients. (2) The operating room capacity. That is the possible maximum number of operations per a room to be performed. The value of this index changes with the following factors. ・the operation length and the length of the hygenic interval (the time needed for operating room cleaning preparation of operation). ・the working length of the staffs (nurse/doctor) per day and the number of the staffs. (3) The number of the operating rooms being used in parallel. This index shows the activity of the operating rooms as (2). (4) The usage of operating room. The operating room is used commonly or specifically to clinical groups. In part II the authors intend to propose the method to determine the number of operating rooms that can solve the delay phenomena (queue) in a operation list.
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KAZUNARI SAKAMOTO, TATSUO IWAOKA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
111-118
Published: February 28, 1987
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This study intended to clarify the role and the function of the icon in architecture through an examination of the role, character and meaning of form as they determine the outward appearence of architecture. The subject of our study is an opinion-survey which we call [Image Reseach of Architecture] performed in order to obseve various architectural images. This report studied how the form of buildings was perceived by people in society. Through the opinion-survey the respondents were asked to illustrate the imaginary pictures as the exterior forms of the "house (IE)" or "archithcture (KENCHIKU)". Before starting this analysis, we set up some items of elment which can be derived from each illustration. First, based on frequency of each item, this report identified the characteristics of both the "form of house" and "architecture". And it continued by clarifying the mutual relations of these two images. Next, through the examination of the correlation matrix and factor-analysis of those items, several basic types of building shapes were extracted. And then, we tried to clarify the meaning and the structure of figures as they present the shapes of buildings, by means of the relation between the types though comparing several elments which each type of images contains.
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KATSUHISA UENO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 372 Pages
119-126
Published: February 28, 1987
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Jingoji was founded in 824 A. D. as temple of Shingon Sect. It was built on south-side of Mt. Takao which was located in north-west of Heian Palace. It was an important temple as Kongobuji and Toji (Kyoogokokuji). The conclusion is as follows : Jingoji was mainly composed of Doin (The Hall Precinct) and Hotoin (The Pagoda Precinct). The buildings of Doin were composed of four main halls. Konpon-do (Main Hall) and Konpon-shingondo (Main Hall of Esoteric Buddhism) corresponded on the process of development of Jingoji. Gobutsu-do (Five Buddhas Hall) and Godai-do (Five Vidyarajas Hall) corresponded on their inner objects of Esoteric Buddhism. And then, Gobutsu-do and HotO (Pagoda of Hotoin) were so them, too. They were characterised by the formation that was based on their respective correspondences. About the arrangement in the Early period, it is presumed that the site plan of Hotoin was characterised by symmetry (Fig. 2). And, the buildings were reconstructed in the Early Kamakura (12th century), but it is guessed that Doin and Hotoin had followed their position. According to the drawing (Fig. 3), Konpon-do (changed to Kon-do later) and Konpon-shingondo (changed to Kanjyo-do later) stood on south and north in the center of Jingoji. Godai-do stood in front of Konpon-shingondo. Gobutsu-do (changed to Kodo later) and Hoto stood on the east and west side of the area behind Konpon-shingondo. Namely, Konpon-shingondo was situated between Godai-do, Gobutu-do and Hoto. It is concluded that in Jingoji the formation was closely connected with the arrangement in the Early Heian Era (Fig.4).
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1987
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 372 Pages
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