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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1991
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Takashi KURABUCHI, Motoyasu KAMATA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
1-11
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper presents numerical simulation results of cross ventilation of buildings using a local refinement method. Several numerical simulations are carried out for different opening sizes and their combinations. The numerical results show that external and internal airflow and pressure distribution is markedly affected by the opening conditions, however, indoor pressure level is nearly uniform in all cases. The energy loss coefficient is also influenced by the windward and leeward opening sizes. These results imply that the simulation of internal and external airflow fields should be combined because strong coupling of both region is essential in cross ventilation.
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Yutaka YOKOYAMA, Hiroshi KUSHIDA, Takeru HIROMATSU, Hidenori ONO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
13-23
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper presents some knowledge of vibrational environment on combined floors, through the study of relationships between experimental and analytical investigation on natural frequencies and natural modes. Experimental modal analysis technique was used in measurements, and Finite Element Method was used in analyses. Three long-spanned and light-weighted floors were investigated, which were actually constructed floors. And also, two concrete slab specimens suspended by unbonded strand ropes were investigated. This paper shows how the stiffness contributes to micro-meter order vibrations, and how this stiffness, which is used in environmental designing, differs from the stiffness used in structural designing.
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Masashi WATANABE, Hitoshi TAKEDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
25-37
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper describes the measuring device for glass surface temperature under shortwave radiant environments. The measuring method of proposing is as follows '. This method in which the cover glass (thickness 50μm〜75μm, 30mm by 30mm) for use in electronics and microscopes, coated thinly and uniformly with a cyanoacrylate-based colorless and transparent glue, is gently bonded onto the glass specimen with bare thermocouple element with diameter of 25μm sandwiched in between. We verify this measuring method by using radiation thermometer with a measurable wavelength range of approx. 8μm to 13μm, under equal distribution of luminous intensity from background surface.
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Tadahiko NAGATA, Satoru KAMIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
39-44
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper deals with the distribution of light incident from sky through skylight window onto interior surfaces of a room with a shape of rectangular prism. As for sky conditions, this paper assumes CIE overcast sky and uniform sky. This paper presents a series of equations for calculating direct illuminance at an arbitrary point on an arbitrary interior surface and luminous flux incident directly on an arbitrary interior surface. In addition, this paper presents a couple of graphs that illustrate ratio of luminous flux distributed on an interior surface to total luminous flux incident inside through skylight window.
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Saburo MURAKAWA, Daisaku NISHINA, Hiroyuki MURATA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
45-55
Published: August 30, 1991
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When improving the river environment of urban areas, it is very important to examine the aesthetic influence of element composing the river environment. One of the techniques in this investigation is the assessment method utilizing pictures which are made by micro-computer. These pictures are evaluated by viewers through a color monitor. Therefore, in this paper, we clarified the accuracy of this method in comparison with three other techniques. And, using the monitor, we analyzed the results of viewer's evaluations of the montage pictures which were shown by three different presentation methods.
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Akira HOYANO, Yoshinori KOMATSU
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
57-65
Published: August 30, 1991
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In this research we assign the components of urban residential areas in detail to the land cover categories. The percentage of mixels and the variance of individual classes are documented as a function of spatial resolution of remotely sensed data. We assess the effect of these factors on the ability to classify the types of land cover material using a pixelwise maximum likelihood method, in order to clarify the optimum spatial resolution for land cover classification in residential area.
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Toshihiro YAMATE
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
67-81
Published: August 30, 1991
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We investigated the degree of internal corrosion in 142 pipe samples taken from three buildings undergoing demolition in the Tokyo area. The pipe samples were examined visually and microscopically, measured for wall thickness and degree (percentage) of rust clogging, and analyzed for corrosion products. By application, the overall degree of corrosion for galvanized steel pipe was ranked (in order of decreasing severity) as : (1) hot water; (2) water, waste-water; (3) water used in heating and cooling systems; (4) water used in cooling systems; (5) cooling water, fire-fighting water, air; (6) gas. Feed-and waste-water mains were more corroded than their branches; furthermore, on the branches, corrosion tended to decrease the farther out from the junction. Cross pipes tended to be more corroded on the bottom than on the top. The degree (percentage) of rust clogging tends to be greater in cases where pipes are small in diameter, average corrosion level is significant and usage time is long.
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Mitsuo TAKADA, Kazuo TATSUMI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
83-90
Published: August 30, 1991
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In this study, we try to classify condominiums into several types from the view point of physical planning. The objects of this analysis are 806 condominiums supplied by private enterprises during 11 years from 1975 to 1985 in Osaka City that is one of typical large cities in Japan. The method of classification is the cluster ananlysis by 13 indices about physical planning of condominiums. As the result of this analysis, we could classify them into 6 types, and found out not only the planning and design characteristics but also the location characteristics of each types.
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Kunio TAKAMIZAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
91-100
Published: August 30, 1991
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The author investigated the process of planning, citizen's participation, plan contents and effect of working, by using the case studies of four districts. The main results are as follows ; The plan contents are composite and the principal items are ; the improvement of sub-standard housing and narrow roads, and the acquisition of play lots. The conference of inhabitants was established as the system of citizen's particpation to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the realized workings were a limited part in many planned items, but the effect of improvement working was admitted to some extent.
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Naofumi ODA, Shingo TAMAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
101-110
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper analyzes the necessary conditions why the actual plan of the First Lake Biwa Drainage Project was realized. The conclusions are as follows, 1) Kyoto City was in need of promoting the social and economical development since she had never had successful projects. 2) The idea for the development of the multi-purpose canal had been already learned on 1885. 3) Mr. Kunimichi Kitagaki was inaugurated as Governor of Kyoto Prefecture on 1881, and he had an earnest passion for the town and country development.
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Masashi YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
111-119
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper analizes the change of distributional pattern about ownership for farmland and housing lots from the view point of the stratum of land ownership. This study confirms the following 1. We classfy land owners by the stratum of land ownership. Farmers, nonfarmers, absentees, and public bodies. When you see the distributional pattern of land ownership by this classification, some zones which mixed land ownership form according to the rate of the mixture. 2. When you see the change of distributional pattern of farmland ownership by difference between residential owners and absentees or by scale of that ownership, absentee's farmlands are shifted land use for houses and farmlands which owned by large scale owner are sold to small one.
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Chihiro SEKIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
121-132
Published: August 30, 1991
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Those of the working class who owned houses in the city have struggled with housing problems of their own. In this study "equivalent of housing expenditure by those who have their own houses" was determined to obtain the means of explicating unsettled problems involved in this field. The procedure and the results derived from it are; 1). 3 different classifications of "equivalent of the housing expenditure" emerged as a result of the examination in part 1. In part 2 were their characteristics analyzed. 2). By using multiple regression analysis, the properties of each of those classifications could be made clear.
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Takashi OMI, Keiji KITAHARA, Shinya SATO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
133-141
Published: August 30, 1991
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Mansion has been usually considered as owner-occupied apartment house, what is called Condominium. But nowadays, absentee owner of mansion grows larger, and mansion has become essential parts of rental housing in city. There are 3 patterns (Regional hub city, Satellite city of metropolitan area and Inner city of metropolitan area) in character of owner's absence and mobility of ownership. And scattering in broad area of absentee owners not only lead to troubles of management of mansion, but also bring up another point of view in housing policy, as a rented house for ordinary household.
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Koki HIGANO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
143-148
Published: August 30, 1991
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Die Rechtsprechung halt den Architektenvertrag (Planung, Planung + Bauleitung), seiner Rechtsnatur nach, filr einen Werkvertrag oder ein auftragsahnliches Geschaft. Und sie halt den Architektenvertrag (Bauleitung) fur ein auftragsahnliches Geschaft. Die Literatur halt im wesentlichen den Architektenvertrag (Planung) fiir einen Werkvertrag. Und sie halt den Architektenvertrag (Planung + Bauleitung, Bauleitung) fur einen Werkvertrag oder ein auftragsahnliches Geschaft. Meines Erachtens ist der Architektenvertrag in aller Regel ein Werkvertrag. Denn der Architekt mu/? dafiir sorgen, daβ das Bauwerk plangerecht und frei von Mangeln errichtet wird.
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Takayuki KUROTSU
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
149-156
Published: August 30, 1991
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This paper is the Part Three of the Research in Chok (Quadrangle) Architecture of the Royal Buildings of Nepal. In this paper, a grid floor planning of Chok was examined, on examples Mul Chok and Sundara Chok of Patan Darbar, which are typical patterns of Chok Architecture, on the basis of the findings of a photo-survey and an actual measurement. As a results, we were able to draw out the following conclusion ; Chok Architectures were constructed as an aggregate under a consistent site planning. For a Patan Darbar, there was a site planning based on the standard grid for Mul Chok and Sundara Chok. And the grid length of the pole was 7. 5 Hat since the late 14th century, as the standard units. In the floor planning, Mul Chok was designed according to the 8X8 square standard grid, in coincidence with the standard grid of the entire site planning, thus following a form from Bhadgaon Darbar. As for Sundara Chok, foundations of Quadrangle were designed according to the standard grid of the entire site planning, but buildings surrounding it were built by the different 6X6 square standard grid. It is estimated that the differences between the two kinds of Chok came from the different functions these buildings performed. The grid floor planning that adopts different standard units for buildings with different uses is also found in architectures in ancient India. It is considered that architectural design of each Chok of Royal Buildings in Nepal also followed traditional techniques by taking into consideration the historical background.
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Michiharu WATANABE
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
157-171
Published: August 30, 1991
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The console-shaped keystone and free-standing column were introduced into the Arch of Nero in Rome for the first time. Both the new elements produced new facade designs in Roman commemorative arches. The introduction of console keystone violated the Hellenistic rule of the relationship between archivolts and architraves. The introduction of free-standing columns produced various facade designs, and in the architectural development of facade designs of the Roman commemorative arch, the order played the more important role and the arched-structure itself became a mere background to support the order by the period of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
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Yoshiki TSUDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 426 Pages
173-182
Published: August 30, 1991
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The object of this paper is to consider the three items about the farm houses. The first is the name of each room about the main houses. The second is the part of construction, it is the floor, the wall and the window. The last is the facility of the farm houses, it is Toko, Closet(Oshiire), Irori, Bathroom(Yudono). It was made clear some points, as follow. About 1770, 10〜20. % of the farm houses in the village had used Kusakaki for making the wall, and still about 1840, Kusakaki was used temporaly for the facility of the part of houses. From the end of eighteenth century to nineteenth century, 30〜50 % of the farm houses in the north-side of Kanto had been made up with Toko.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 426 Pages
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