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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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MAMORU MATSUMOTO, YASUSHI KONDO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
1-10
Published: January 30, 1985
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This paper presents the results of an investigation concerned with an analytical solution of the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in the multi-layered wall composed of hygroscopic porous materials in the steady periodic state (integral transformed space) for the analysis of humidity and temperature variations in the room air and wall. We had reported the linear simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations for the analysis, above mentiond, and analytical method of solution. The solution of multi-layered wall is obtained numerically by the multiplication of the state transmission matrix (8 terminal matrix) or one point boundary value solution of each layer. But numerical solutions of the over-all transmission matrix by numerical multiplicaton of single layer matrix show the qreat loss of accuracy due to the loss of significant digit, when depth or effective depth of layer is large. In this study, over-all state transmission matrix of multi-layered wall is derived analytically by the analytical multiplication of single layer transmission matrix using the solutions of two independent equations transformed from the basic simultaneous equations of the linear transformation and introduction of new dependent variables. And over-all admittance matrix of multi-layered wall is derived from the over-all transmission matrix. mentioned above. These solutions give the accurate numerical results without loss of significant digit. It is shown that over-all transmission matrix.do not satisfy the reciprocal theory.
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HIROO TARUMI, ICHIYA HAYAKAWA, SHUJI FUJII
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
11-20
Published: January 30, 1985
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The utilization of exhaust heat in urban area is considered to be as one of the effectual methods for energy conservation. The purpose of this study is to estimate effective value of exhaust heat at incineration plants. Therefore, investigations were carried out about 11 incineration plants in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. And the effective value of exhaust heat was analyzed by both plants' system and quantities of steam. This paper is composed of the following studies. 1) Investigations concerned with the heat recovery and heat utilization systems at incineration plants ; Accordings to the heat balance analysis, the priority order of steam utilization and maximum value of exhaust heat were become cleared. 2) Investigations concerned with fiscal 1980's records at incineration plants, namely, quantity of incinerated refuse and quantities of steam which were generated and used for production of electric power, etc. ; From the standpoint of using the exhaust heat at incineration plants as heat sources of district cooling and heating, statistical analysis was done about fluctuation and suspended period of steam generation. The necessity of estimating fluctuation of exhaust heat was concluded. 3) Conclusions concerned with estimating exhaust heat at incineration plants ; It was proved that the incineration plants could be classified by fluctuation characteristics of steam for electric power production. Furthermore, the corresponding relations were pointed out between the quantity of incinerated refuse and the quantity of steam for machinery and tools at incineration plants. On basis of these results, the estimating method of exhaust heat at incineration plants was found out. And the effective value of exhaust heat was estimated by frequancy of steam generation.
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SATORU KUNO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
21-27
Published: January 30, 1985
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In this paper inhabitants' consciousness was analyzed by the extended method of Lingoes' MSA (Multiple Scalogram Analysis). First it was explained that the extended method extracted the chain structure of inhabitants' dissatisfaction. Next the data of the survey at six regions in Tokyo were analyzed and mainly the following relations were found. 1. The chains of dissatisfaction to security at four regions are different. 2. Indoor dissatisfaction spreads outdoors. For example, from indoor space to park, playground and so on.
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AKIHIKO HOKUGO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
28-33
Published: January 30, 1985
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In the process of designing buildings, patterns of escape actions in fire must be considerd in relation to the type of the building for the safety of the buildings' occupants. Standing on this viewpoint, this study analyzes escape actions in many fire incidents occurred in Japan. By using the quantification theory of Case 3, three groups of behavior patterns and three types of buildings have been extracted. The relation between the behavior and the physical environment is as follows. The "crowd escape pattern" occurs mostly m the "unispace-assembly facilites type" the "immediate escape pattern" and "induced-delayd escape pattern" occurs In the "multlspace-accommodations type" and the "individual-delayed escape pattern" occurs In the "mixedspace-complex facilites type" building. Evacuation system for crowd movement is now well considerd, but it is only suitable for "unispace-assembly facilites type" buildings. I concluded that evacuation system for other type buildings, in which "delayed escape pattern" occurs, is needed.
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SHIGERU WAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
34-39
Published: January 30, 1985
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The relation between climate and building system is researched farther and more physicaly in this report than in the former. The relation between average annual temperature and building system's distribution is observed at first, and the relation between annual precipitation and the distribution is observed next. The climatic regions as the environments of building system are composed of temprature and moisture condition in the consideration of seasonal change, in this report.
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ElICHI MORIYA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
40-47
Published: January 30, 1985
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In this paper the author makes clear degree and rank of fire risk in ten kinds of fire appliances and in various buildings or businesses with a high fire risk. This data was compiled by comparing the opinions of ordinary citizens of Yokohama and of the menbers of a certain fire station in that city about what steps should be taken when a great earthquake (intensity of six or greater) occurs. In this research, the author used the method of paired comparisons and analyzed the data by both the BradleyTerry method and the Thurstone-Mosteller method.
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YASUO NISHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
48-54
Published: January 30, 1985
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This paper is part of my research series on site planning technique by Sir Raymond Unwin (1863-1940). It attempts to analyze how he contributed greatly to the firm establishment of planning concept of HOUSING GROUP, and that he got this hint of the concept from the life and spatial composition in the villages. It is pointed out in the first chapter that Unwin theory is composed of the two elements (i. e.viewpoint of recognizing urban life as totality, and group planning theory), and that he definitely originated a new technique of Hosing Group. Next in the second chapter are analyzed two aspects of village life (i.e. small group system and mixture of social classes) and physical order in the village. Finally, picking out the proposed Plan for Hamlet designed by Unwin as a example of Village Green, I coucluded that main characters of this proposal are social mixture, creation of community consciousness and informal landscape design, and that small enclosed space with plenty of amenity is his main theme.
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MITSUO MOROZUMl
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
55-65
Published: January 30, 1985
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A speed of large computers has increased a great deal in these days, however, it still takes times to find medians of large networks. This paper aims to examin an improved algorithm for a median analysis, as well as the pruning algorithm for a shortest path analysis it uses. Large directed networks for location models are assumed for the study. When one analyzes a shortest path using the label setting algorithm, without finding the shortest path tree to all nodes in a network, it is possible to know correct node potentials for every node to which permanent lable is set. Taking advantages of this feature, the improved median algorithm is designed to save useless operations following the next : 1) Select a starting node, start a shortest path analysis. 2) Cummulate weighted node potential, every time when a permanent label is set to some node. 3) If a cummulated weighted node potentials exceeds to those calculated for other starting nodes in the prior steps, stop further calculation for this starting node and then move to other starting nodes. Computer experiments proved that the improved median algorithm shortens a cpu time approximately 30-50%, and that the pruing algorithm shortens it approximately 25%.
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KOUHEI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
66-72
Published: January 30, 1985
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The objective of the study reported herein, continued from the part 2, is to examine the charcteristics of the insurance system which composes the most characteristic part of the French warranty system of building. The principal characteristics of the new insurance system are summarised as follows; :1) The two types of mandatory insurance are legrslated. One is a liability insurance for "the producers " of building such as architects, contructors, builders, vendors of houss etc., and the other is a property insurance for the orderer of constraction or the owner of the building. Both are obligatory only in the case of construction of a building. 2) The mandatory liability insurance covers at least the ten years responsibility of the producers of building. 3) The mandatory property insurance covers, apart from the liability sanction, the repair cost of the damage which may be liable to the producers. 4) The insurer of the property insurance who payed the repair cost in a cace of damage must, in subrogation, require the same sum of money to the producers who are liable on the sanction. 5) The liable producers pay to the insurer of property insurance the each sum of indemnity by thir liability insurance. 6) The property insurance functions, in a result, as the advencement of repair cost of damage. 7) The arbitration organization is established by the law for the dispute between the insurer and the insured under the mandatory system.
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KOTOKO YAMASAKI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
73-83
Published: January 30, 1985
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The purpose of this study was to clarify the basic factors that decide the managing expenses the owner of an apartment in a condominium has to pay. The chosen method was to analyse the pamphlets and imformations provided by real estate companies, the answers to the questionnaires by caretakers of condominiums and heads of apartment owners associations. The results : 1 ) The average managing expenses per apartment are 0.052 % of its total price, which averages 6,800 yen per month. 2) The managing expenses correlate positively with the quality of each condominium and the number of apartments per caretaker. The expenses, however, seem to correlate very little with the common facilities (commonspaces and elevators etc. ) available to apartment owners in the building. 3) The managing expenses are set by the vendor at the beginning, and later when a change in the expenses is needed, apartment owners select the quality and kinds of management services available usually on the basis of the original sum. 4) A portion of the managing expenses is saved up for the future repairs on the building, but its amount is relatively small (about 1,000 yen per month per apartment) and is far sum sufficient for any big repairs. From this, it is evident that in the near future, we are in danger of living in condominiums becoming superannuated without necessary repairs because of the lack of fund.
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TOSHIO ASANO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
84-90
Published: January 30, 1985
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The part II of the present paper makes a perspective-analysis of the Pazzi Chapel, Brunelleschi's latest work, which shows the final aspect of his method. The composition of the Pazzi Chapel does not reveal any more the perspective ratios which determined the structures of all his main works, the Old Sacristy, the church of San Lorenzo, the Portico dell' Oapedale degli Innocenti, and the Santo Spirito. The modification of the method noticeable in Pazzi Chapel derived from the logical inconsistency inherent in the method itself. Perspective ratios mean a way of mathematical description of the tridimensional (perspective) space, i. e., the reasan of the method of mathematically provable perspective projection. The architect determined also mathematically the "element-from", compositional unity applicable to the perspective ratios, and incorporated it into the a priori system of perspective projection. The a priori determined "element-from" became the common form to all the compositional forms of the works mentioned above. But the determination of the element-form is voluntary one. The architect came to know the fact and abandoned the idea of the "element-form" In t:he composition of Pazzi Chapel. Finally, the method of Brunelleschi came to be true method of perspective projection, which projects any of not jet existing but coming to exist architectures. That is the method of designare, which invented the conspicuous architect Brunelleschi.
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HIROYUKI NIWA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
91-97
Published: January 30, 1985
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The outlook of the Buddhist temple intended by Nichiren was elucidated at previous paper. In this paper, succession and development of the outlook of the Buddhist temple of Nichiren by direct disciples were elucidated based on wrightings and epistles by them. And following items were confirmed : 1. Large mandalas wnghted by Nichiren were grven to enshnne m "Bo" and "Jibutsu-do" used as bases of propagatron Thereafter these "Bo" and "Jlbutsu-do" grew to the temple, and form of the principal image of these temples varied to various style when "Mido" (main hall) were erected. These embodiment of the principal image mean growth from "Bo" to "Temple" and various form of principal image became the base of character of the temple, thereafter. These temple developed later to "Hon-do" (main hall) as the most important building at the temple. 2. "The temple of thefounder of the religlon" and "the ordination platform of Honmon" proposed by Nichiren were accessed by Nichiro and Nikko, and who both established Honmonji temples. 3. The faith to Jurasetsu Included In the quardian deity of Nichiren was developed to "the statue of Jurasetsu" and "Jurasetsu do" by Nichizo and Nichiyu "Suijaku-do" was erected by Nikko in which two gods of the Grand Shrine to the Sun-Goddess and the Hachiman shrine were enshrined. On the other hand the faith to "Sanjubanjin" was developed by Nichizo and who erected "Banjin-do". 4. After death of Nichiren, "Mie-zo" of Nichiren was created from the mind to respect Nichiren's memory And this was developed to "Mie-do" "Minobu-san Kuonji temple" "Ikeganu Honmonji temple" and "Omosu Homonji temple" were developed setting "Mie-do" as the most important building. And "Mie-do" were build in "Nakayama Hokekyoji temple" and "Mama Guhoji temple" at early days.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
98-
Published: January 30, 1985
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 347 Pages
99-
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 347 Pages
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