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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Akira HOYANO, Sumio YAGI, Takehisa KIMURA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
1-10
Published: March 30, 1992
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The aim of this sudy is to make clear features of thermal environment in the outdoor spaces with plants. Twenty nine sites with and without plants were selected as test points for measurement. Principal component analysis was carried out by using the measured results as descriptive variables, and three principal component axes are obtained. The first can be interpreted as "effect of sunshine", the second as "degree of reradiantion" and the third as "wind speed". The relationship between characteristics of thermal reradiation environment and shape situation was examined by plotting principal component scores of every test points on these principal axes.
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Akira HOYANO, Tetsuo HAYASHI, Geun-Young DOE, Yukari UNO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
11-19
Published: March 30, 1992
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This paper indicates to improve thermal environment in a classroom at elementary schools. Actual conditions and problems of environment in the conventional south-facing classrooms were clarified from answers of teachers on a questionnaire, and the history of spread of south-facing classrooms was reviewed. From the point of environmental engineering, we proposed a passive type classroom applied passive solar systems such as a direct heat gain system and ventilation windows' in a mild climate and fine weather area in winter. The numerical analysis showed that thermal environment formed in passive type classrooms was better than that in south-facing classrooms.
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Toru ICHIKAWA, Toshio OJIMA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
21-29
Published: March 30, 1992
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This study theoretically examines primary energy saving by cogeneration in relation to three alternative energy supply models : steam boiler with steam-driven chiller, electric heat pump and gas/oil-driven heat pump. Using energy flow tables of five different operational patterns of cogeneration and alternative models, primary energy saving ratio was formulated, calculated and put into charts in relation to heat/electricity consumption ratio. Following results were obtained : (1) Cogeneration with engine or fuel cell can claim substantial energy saving even against heat pump with high COP where heat/electricity consumption ratio is less than 1.5. (2) Energy saving is retained even under partial-load operation.
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Toru FUKUI, Hideki SHIMIZU, Nobuhiro SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
31-40
Published: March 30, 1992
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Pedestrians' walking patterns and their image structure are. analized on 3 neighboring central districts which have similar number of passengers in their railroad stations, but have quite different commercial activities. Their walking patterns are divided into street-unit which is a segment between every crossing point of streets. Walking patterns are categorized into "one way trip", "two way trip" and "turning trip". When percentage of one way trip is high, circular movements are considered to be high and this district would be more attractive to walk. Recalled elements on each district with 28 adjectives given to interviewee and without any condition are totalized according to every street unit in which all elements are located. Principal component analysis is applied to see the relationships among walking patterns, free recalling elements, recalling elements from 28 adjectives. These relationship are found to be unique by each district.
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Hideki SHIMIZU, Nobuhiro SUZUKI, Mitsuru YAMAGUCHI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
41-51
Published: March 30, 1992
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The perceptive structure of railway stations and their surrowndings on urban commuter railways were analysed. 1. The physical attributes were studied through the classificating experiments on following 3 aspects of 78 color photographs. (1) on station buildings themselves (2) on their surroundings (3) on the relations between station buildings and their surroundings By using multidimensional scaling analysis, 5,5 and 6 physical attributes were extracted for each aspect. 2. The evaluative structure were studied with SD method. And the evaluational points for photographs were analysed. 3. The relations between physical attributes and evaluative character were studied through multiple regression analysis. And the station plazas were shown to have great contribution to their evaluations.
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Akihiro YAMAGISHI, Yasuhiro YAMASHITA, Naoji MATSUMOTO, Hirokuni TANIG ...
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
53-62
Published: March 30, 1992
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This paper reports on findings of outdoor stage "playhouse" in Nagano prefecture that represent about 50 percent of the whole. The outdoor stages is investigated by two points, one is a field survey of the form, the other is a hearing from the inhabitant. Furthermore we analyze the data that obtain from the survey by the statistical method, and try to classify outdoor stage into architectural form. Results are summarized as follows. 1) The existence of outdoor stages will be influenced by social programs since the Edo era. 2) The outdoor stages are classified under four groups into architectural form of scale, plan, structures, location and so on.
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Jun UENO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
63-74
Published: March 30, 1992
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The trend of the planning of school buildings in England has been introduced to Japan with great concern, and its advanced planning philosophy has influenced Japanese school building design. The author stayed in England half a year to conduct an on-the-spot detailed investigation of the actual condition of the school buildings. This article reports the present circumstances of primary education and post-1960 school buildings in England.
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Xinming LU, Tsutomu SHIGEMURA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
75-84
Published: March 30, 1992
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the spatial composition, living structure and their transitions of early Li-long housing. The results are as follows : 1) The spatial plan of enclosure is influenced by Chinese traditional way. But the block plan is influenced by the 19th-century British working-class housing. 2) The unit plan of early Li-long housing is influenced by Chinese traditional housing. 3) One Li-long housing unit is designed for one family. However, they have been divided into several family units. 4) The simplest unit for a family is one room. 5) The different behaviors are done in a same space by time lag. And the family members use a same space shared by time.
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Shuji FUNO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
85-94
Published: March 30, 1992
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The kampung type of settlement is characteristics of town and city life in Indonesia, especially everywhere in Jawa. Kampung is something of a reinterpretation of the village pattern in terms of the denser, more heterogeneous, less organically integrated urban environment. The kampung is often described as slums because of its poor physical conditions, but the kampung world is apart far from slums in the Western cities. Kampungs are identifiable primarily by their age, location and economic wellbeing. Individual kampung seems to be microcosmos of great variety. This paper aims to clarify the concept and the nature of kampung type of settlement and the process of its growth historically.
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Munetaka KURAHARA, Yasuhiro ENDOH
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
95-104
Published: March 30, 1992
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We need to move toward a sense that community building let the living values of residents grow up through the common and three types of ecology (environmental, social and spritual). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, the community design contest held in Setagaya ward and Minamata city from this view point of living value. Through community design contest the activities for the community building and various expressions of living environment by picture maps and so on were presented. Residents expressed their various living values for examples, learning with pleasure, existence with nature, soft environmental management and so on. And it was ascertained that picture map is effective means for fostering living values of residents.
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Hisayoshi HARUTA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
105-110
Published: March 30, 1992
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The urban area extends faster than the activities and population concentrate on the area owing to the technological progress in communication ; Tokyo metropolitan region is estimated to cover the area with a radius of 400 km. This tendency has recently been so accelerated that Tokyo's frontier is streching to cover the whole country. 45 000 persons, including 1 600 persons in Fukuoka on the west and 1 900 persons in Yamagata and Iwate on the east, are commuting a long distance trip to Tokyo on the 1985 census basis.
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Yoshitsugu AOKI, Toshihiro OSARAGI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
111-117
Published: March 30, 1992
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We proposed a spatial correlation analysis (SCA) method for analyzing two-dimensional lattice urban data. In the method, however, we can not use categorical variables which are often used in actual urban planning. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the theory of SCA method for making it possible to use not only continuous variables but also categorical variables. The spatial correlation function (SCF) for measuring the spatial continuity of land use is defined for categorical variables by using dummy variables. One of the three types of the spatial influence function (SIF) models, expressing the spatial relation of urban activities, is defined in the case that the dependent variable is categorical and the independent variables are continuous. The estimated parameters of the model can be obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. A model of the land use forecasting is described in order to confirm the efficiency of the method.
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Takashi OMI, Keiji KITAHARA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
119-127
Published: March 30, 1992
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We already studied on SUS (Small-Urban-Spaces), form and formative factor in preceding paper. In this paper, we analyze pedestrian behavior in SUS and frontage street, and deal with possibility of SUS, private territory, playing important role as openspaces for people by interaction with street, public territory. . Scale and form of SUS have an effect on pedestrian behavior in relation to presence and situation of sales wagon or signboard in SUS and street furniture. And they form Semi-Private spaces in street and Semi-Public spaces in SUS, and SUS-Territory make its appearance. This movement affect frontage street and lead to public behavior, what is called SUS-Effect, and extension of SUS-Territory have an effect on street activity.
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Hitomi KATO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
129-136
Published: March 30, 1992
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There are dispersed settlements in Iki island all around. Their beginning and actual conditions are yet unknown in detail. In this study, the natural and the geographical features of this island and the allotment system of land in the Edo period are investigated in relation to the settlement pattern. And it is made clear that "the land use pattern of Iki" is a set of the land use consisting of a wind break at the back, a dwelling lot, a vegetable garden in the front and the scattered farmland. In conclusion their problems in planning are considered.
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Kyungin KANG, Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
137-147
Published: March 30, 1992
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This thesis deals with the comparative analysis of the development of the Precast Concrete Industrialized Building Method in Japan and South Korea. It examined the factors that led to the development of the Method particular to each country and a consideration of the future direction of the South Korean PC was made. The result shows that the present South Korean PC, as compared to its Japanese counterpart during the same stage of development, has a bigger potential in scale and capability to be developed into a construction technology that will respond to various needs and provide the production supply system being sought for in the Industry. However, the present policy of standardization of mass produced, small scale public housing is not necessarily a desirable direction in so far as its future is concerned.
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Jaesuk CHOI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
149-158
Published: March 30, 1992
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(De Stijl) Movement begins in company with the foundation of the (De Stijl) Periodical. It isworthy of notice that This Movement started with the consciousness of community lead to developing by way of the (De Stijl) Architecture Movement, according to Theo van Doesburg (1883〜1931)'s concern of archiecture. This study examines into his view of architecture with the actions and statements of Theo van Doesburg that kept out leader's role, in the terms of publication of This Periodical. As for This Movement, Theo van Doesburg's statements could look for the different aspect in every period,but it is the express of consciousness to community, in addition to the spirit of the times, fromthe beginning to the last of This Movement. Theo van Doesburg's statesments on the consciousness of community came to create the elements of the architecture plastic, and these came out of the nature of duality. Concretely, it isable to analyze Theo van Doesburg's community consciousness apply to the principle of sensuscommunis. Finally, It studies the character of architecture community.
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Yasunobu TANIGAWA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 433 Pages
159-166
Published: March 30, 1992
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This paper analyzes the design methods of the pinnacles of Mathes Roriczer and Hanns Schmut- termayer. In Roriczer's "Biichlein von der Fialen Gerechtigkeit," first, he developed the geometrical constructs out of the basic figure of the square. I call this process "Roriczer's development of the square," that shows a proportional expression of 1 : 1/2 = 1/2 : 1/4 in these areas. Secondly, he extrapolated ("ausziehen") the elevation ("auszug") from the base plan. "Roriczer's method" is the combination of "Roriczer's development of the square" and "ausziehen. " In contrast with Roriczer, in Schmuttermayer's "Buchlein von der Fialen Gerechtigkeit," Schmuttermayer made the modular units ("schuch"; Schuh ; shoe) by the development of the square at the beginning. Next, he designed the base plan and the elevation from "schuch." I suppose Schmuttermayer represented "alt schuch" (old shoe) and "new schuch" (new shoe) as in the ratio 7:5.
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 433 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 433 Pages
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