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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Takashi KURABUCHI, Motoyasu KAMATA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
1-9
Published: July 30, 1991
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This paper is concerned with a local refinement technique of the MAC method using multiple mesh systems. A new method is presented to combine solutions of each mesh system. The applicability of the method is verified through applications of two-dimensional indoor airflow problems. The results with locally refined mesh systems are compared to the conventional technique with uniformly coarse and fine mesh systems, and demonstrate that the solutions correspond with the results using the uniformly fine mesh systems. Therefore, the new method is capable for providing results of the same accuracy as the conventional method with less computational effort.
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Shuzo MURAKAMI, Kazuki HIBI, Akashi MOCHIDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
11-19
Published: July 30, 1991
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Wind tunnel experiments and numerical predictions based on Large Eddy Simulation have been performed to investigate the fluctuating pressure fields on and around cubic models. Using experimental and numerical data, we have studied the relations of the structures of unsteady flowfields around cubic models to lift and drag forces by means of a conditional sampling technique and a. cross correlation function analysis etc. It was observed that the clear relation exists between positive pressure patterns in windward face and negative pressure patterns in side faces.
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Katsuo INOUE, Sho KIMURA, Hiroyuki YAJIMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
21-29
Published: July 30, 1991
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This paper discusses some of the factors of particular importance in relation to improving the insulating performance against heavy impact sound from wooden floor structures, which are constructed using high-rigidity panels by a method which we have proposed previously, in order to establish the calculation method. The factors to be discussed are ; (a) vibration characteristics of floor panels upon floor impact, (b) vibration transmission characteristics from floor panels to the walls in a room below and (c) sound insulation characteristics of the ceiling of the room below.
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Wookun KIM, Ryuji SATOH, Masaya NARASAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
31-36
Published: July 30, 1991
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The prediction of the luminance of a task and the background seen through a transparent material covered with a veiling reflection is formulated. According to this formulation, the regular reflectance and the regular transmittance of typical transparent materials (four kinds of glasses and five kinds of synthetic resins) which are definded with luminance are measured, and their angular characteristics are presented. These measured values are compared with the theoretical values obtained with Fresnel's formulae and Lambert-Bouguer's law, and the possibility and limit of such theoretical predictions of regular reflectance and regular transmittance of transparent materials are discussed.
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Masanori TSUJI, Jun SAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
37-45
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In order to know the de facto population in an underground shopping mall, we surveyed three large malls in Osaka and Nagoya from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm on a Sunday and a weekday in October or November, and on a Sunday in December. We made a proposal on how to decide the expected population for an evacuation plan during a fire.
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Masashi IIDA, Hiroaki KIKUCHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
47-53
Published: July 30, 1991
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the percentage of the water content of the wooden frames and the airtightness of the house which was built by the construction method with vaporproof/airtightness and thermal insulation from the outside of the wooden frames. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The percentage of the water content of the wooden frames fell rapidly in about one year after moving-in. It was less than 15 % at all measurement points, which means that there was little danger of rotting. 2) The effective open area of the house was 346 cm2 after two years. But that fell to 315 cm2 after the windows were sealed. This means that the windows were the cause of the decline in airtightness.
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Hiroshi MORIYASU
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
55-65
Published: July 30, 1991
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This report is a study on eye fixation behavior and visual images on grouping patterns of housing facade. Eye fixation behavior are analysed with fixation point and time be recorded by eye-mark-recorder (eye camera). Visual images are analysed with visual grouping images. I studied the relations between eye fixation patterns and visual images on grouping patterns of housing facade models. Especially, I analysed the difference between architectural students and architects with concern about the above mention.
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Yoshitsugu AOKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
67-72
Published: July 30, 1991
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In the previous paper, the probability function of fire spread from a burning building to a neigh-borhood was obtained. The aim of this paper is to propose a simple method for evaluating the probability of fire spread in design processes. A principle of schematic method is based on the following facts ; 1) the fire spread probability is a function of a newly defined variable q, 2) the value of q can be obtained by a simple schematic procedure, 3) it is approximately equal to the probability. Two applications of the above principle of schematic method are proposed for designer.
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ISHAK Agus Budi Purnomo, Tadahiko HIGUCHI, Hidenori TAMAGAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
73-85
Published: July 30, 1991
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This paper attempts to form the psychological maps of five former Japanese castle towns along the Japan Sea coast by using topophilic dimensions. The cities being studied are Shibata, Mura-kami, Joetsu, Nagaoka and Toyama. The psychological maps were formed and analyzed by using principal component analysis and locational methods. As a conclusion : 1. Instead of a single construct of topophilia, two constructs which identify with direct and indirect contact sources of cognitive knowledge were extracted. 2. The indirect contact component identifies with historical and symbolic places, while the direct contact component identifies with commercial places. 3. The locational analysis indicates that both types of places locationally are not segregated.
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Yoshiaki OHSAWA, Yasufumi KIJIMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
87-92
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This paper is concerned with thangulations on given points in the spherical surface. The triangulation that is given in this paper is an excellent choice for constructing domes as follows '. The triangulation maximizes the volume of the interior defined by the triangles whose vertices are the given points; The triangulation makes no concave parts which are unsuitable for dealing with rain water to stop leaks; The triangulation maximizes the minimum angle with triangulations in the spherical surface.
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Masaya FUJITA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
93-99
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the meaning of the "Tainoya" in the aristocrtic residences. By this study, I tried to indicate the various aspects of the building called "Tainoya" from the 12th century until the 13th century. The treatise is organized in the following manner '. Introduction Chap. 1 A case of the "Tainoya" used as the word having the same meaning as the Tai in the Heian period. Chap. 2 A case of the "Tainoya" used as the word having the same meaning as the Tai after the Kamakura period. Chap. 3 Various aspects of the aristocratic residences from the 12th century until the 13th cen- tury, in regard to the word "Tainoya" Conclusion
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Shin-ichi NISHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
101-112
Published: July 30, 1991
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Numerous fragments of "scroll pattern" (pattern consists of alternate bands of spiral and rosette) were excavated from the Great Columned Hall at the Palace of Malkata in the investigations carried out by Waseda University during 1985-1988. It is considered that this geometric pattern must have been located on the east and west aisles of this room. A. Badawy restored the painted ceiling of the Great Columned Hall in his "A History of Egyptian Architecture III", where the ceiling of aisles are painted over with quadruple spiral pattern. However, from the actualfinds, it is concluded that the decorative motif of aisles of the ceiling in this Hall was not quadruple spiral pattern, but "scroll pattern".
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Juko ITO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
113-122
Published: July 30, 1991
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The grid system has been often utilized for architectural planning through the ages. In ancient Greece the system was applied for the street network of towns, known as the Hippodamian planning. However, its application for actual buildings has not been investigated so far. In this paper the author tries to analyze the plans of two buildings with peristylar courts in Olympia and Epidauros, and clarifies how the buildings were planned with the use of the grid system. In addition, he also tries to trace the whole process of plannings from the initial stage to the final one.
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Mitsutoshi KURETANI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
123-130
Published: July 30, 1991
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In the present paper, we shall try to reveal the geometrical rationalism in the development of the formal expression by Le Corbusier. As a clue to elucidate Le Corbusier's geometrical rationalism, we examine his early pictures. On this point, "La Cheminee (1918)" is studied in detail compared with his geometrical ornament at La Chaux-de-Fonds.
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Yasusuke ISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
131-139
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In this paper, I examined two church types which included in Sebastiano Serlio's Fourth Book on architecture and clarified their composing method by using some squares which are related to the'width of their fagades. The results are as follow ; The method of constructing a porta is used for decide diameter of column in these church facades. The square which length of sides are 24 diameters of column (or widths of pilaster) is fundamental for these church facades, and it is used for decide the whole form of the facade. The geometrical scheme of constructing a porta which is included in Serlio's First Book is one of his architectural design methods.
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Kiyoshi OKANO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 425 Pages
141-154
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The Jyodoshu sect has begun from the end of of 12th century, but the style of its main hall has not been fixed during the Middle Age. Seeing from the buildings which were built at the end of 16th C. to early 17 th C., we can find that they were built according to residencal style, sometimes only decorated in Naijin (central room). In these buildings the Wakinomas (both side of Naijin) were widdened, as the rooms of believeres with Gejin (the front room). Because Naijin and Ihainoma (back side of Wakinoma) are sacred places, they were separated to other rooms with Kekkai (low screen). We will discuss these characterristics and their origin.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 425 Pages
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