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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1992
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1992
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Hiromichi ICHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
1-10
Published: October 30, 1992
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This paper shows the comparative study of two average sky factors. One is the average sky factor of the single unit block when only one building is at a single unit block and no building is at other unit blocks. Another is the average sky factor of unit block when the same style of construction that one building is at one unit block is repeated endlessly. The results are as follows. (1) There is some difference in the maximum and the regression equation. (2) The amount of sky factor loss is related to the gross side view coverage of building.
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Noriyasu SAGARA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
11-20
Published: October 30, 1992
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This paper illustrates a thermal load prediction algorism for economical heat pump operation in thermal storage system. The hourly load is written by the polynomial regression model in time. Several coefficients of the model come from the product of the observation vector and the unknown state vector estimated by the method employing Kalman filter. The prediction error analysis was made. The best fit observation vector includes the forecasted daily lowest and highest outdoor temperatures, cumulative thermal load. There amounts 0.076 to 0.136 of sample standard deviation of relative prediction error at 22 : 00 when heat pump starts storage in the trough.
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Noriko UMEMIYA, Kunio MATUURA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
21-29
Published: October 30, 1992
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The concept of the ratio of the time when wind is sensed is introduced as a sensory index for wind sensing, and the ratio is shown to be acomfort index in a natural-ventilated (opend) room in summer. The results of the experiments were following. (1) Because less than 20 % of the occupants could not say very clearly whether the wind was sensed or not, the ratios were seemed to be reliable. (2) The numbers of wind sensing were also be recorded, but the rations refrected more clearly the votes about the frquency of wind sensing rather than the numbers. (3) The ratio was in proportion to the mean velocity when opened, but it was not when opened with air-conditioner running. (4) The ratio was highly correraled with the vote about the preference of wind and the vote about the change of the comfort due to wind.
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Saburo MURAKAWA, Yasuo KOSHIKAWA, Masaru NISHIDA, Daisaku NISHINA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
31-39
Published: October 30, 1992
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The changes of water usage and the consciousness of saving water in household were analyzed on the results of the research that had been carried out in Fukuoka-City in 1989. In Fukuoka-City, many people had been imposed the strict control on the tap water usage because of the big drought extended from May 1978 to March 1979. Also, the factors affecting the consciousness of saving water and the volumes of water consumption were found out from the characteristics of household, the frequencies of water usage, the concern for water resources and so on.
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Shuji FUJII, Kazuhiro YUASA, Yong Shik KIM
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
41-48
Published: October 30, 1992
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This paper aims at evaluating the CO_2 emissions by energy consumption in building energy system. It includs surveys of building energy systems, surveys of public energy systems, estimation model of CO_2 emissions, and simulation results. Through energy utilization for electricity, heating and cooling, seven types of building energy systems are selected for the CO_2 estimation by surveys on office building and hotel building. From the surveys of building energy systems and public systems as power generations, CO_2 emission factors and efficiencies of each component of the systems are modelled in equations. Energy comsumptions and CO_2 emissions of building systems are totally estimated through the parameters of heat-power demand ratios. Futhermore, by using surveyed data for energy demands of electricity, heating and cooling in office building and hotel building, CO_2 emissions and energy consumptions are calculated and discussed by hourly base simulations of building energy systems.
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Youngsik CHOI, Tetsumi HORIKOSHI, Iljin KIM
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
49-59
Published: October 30, 1992
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The purpose of this paper is firstly to clarify the role of Ondol-ban (a room with floor heatings) and Maru (a room with wooden floor and large opennings), and secondly to classify the plans of traditional Korean houses from the viewpoint of indoor climate control. The authors investigated and recorded 119 plans of houses in Keisho-Hoku-Do area. We can classify the plan based on the relation between Anbang (a living room with Ondol) and Puoku (a kitchen with a fuel hole), existence of Maru, and location of Maru. A diagram of planning patterns was made. It was revealed that Ondol-ban is used for living in winter and Maru is used for living in summer, and the planning patterns are fairly related with climatic regions.
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Shinya NISHIMURA, Yuzumi TAKAHASHI, Toshiharu TSURUMAKI, Mitsuo MATSUI ...
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
61-69
Published: October 30, 1992
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The subject of this study is to clarify the properties of the dwelling environmental dual-system that has mutual relations between children and playgrounds in snowy districts. The results of this study are as follows ; 1) There are two types of playgrounds, one is the spaces where children play both for non-snowy and snowy periods, the other is only for either one. 2) The parks and the spaces around public facilities are the former type, which are hard to be affected by the fallen snow. 3) The streets and the vacant lands, that are the latter type, have the different properties. In snowy period, the vacant lands have the close relations with their homes, and the streets with the way from the school to their homes.
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Sun Il KIM, Tsung Jung CHENG, Makoto YANAGISAWA, Gen TANIGUCHI, Akikaz ...
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
71-77
Published: October 30, 1992
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Plan-forms and management-styles of operating departments vary widely, yet with notifiable common features and interactions among them in the global context. This study focuses on the issues in the present situations of a number of double-access type operating departments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, and it seeks for the future directions of plan-forms and management-styles to meet the local conditions and expectations. The term "double-access" is used to signify those plan-forms where at least two doorways are provide to each operating room to secure differentiation of access. The total evaluations of architecture and management of operating department is pursued through the movements of people during the surgical operating in the paper and through the movements of materials in the following paper.
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Tooru HORIE, Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI, Naoko ISOHATA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
79-87
Published: October 30, 1992
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The purpose of this research is to clarify the process of transformation in framing of the traditional timber houses in the area of Rokuseicho, Ishikawa prefecture. Analyzing the vertical and the horizontal sections of the local framing system called "Sashimono-zukuri", the composition of unit frames indicates that the beams called "Sashimono" have been playing major role to make the main frame rigid horizontally, and the "Sashimono-zukuri" of "Chanoma" has been maintained as the core of the main frame. The arrangement of horizontal elements has been changed in various patterns to enable the space to expand both horizontally and vertically.
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Naoji MATSUMOTO, Chiyo TAKAI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
89-98
Published: October 30, 1992
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The purpose of the present study is to clarify the relation between disorder, regularity and attraction of the street view in consideration of individual differences. After several studies, we had the following results : (1)Individiual differences in perception of visual disorder and regularity were not found. (2) Visual disorder and regularity are contrary to each other. (3) Preference of the street view can be classified into four groups : each group has a distinctive relation to visual disorder and regularity, as well as to the function of the street.
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Kazuhiko MIYAUJI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
99-109
Published: October 30, 1992
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the visual sequence and the human movement in some spaces. As an analytical method, the sequence notation devised by P. Thiel was applied for analyzing the potential sequences of some shopping malls selected for this case study. The results are as followings. Especially from the view point of visual continuity and changeability; the straight mall (case A) has high visibility but lacks changeability, the maze mall (case D) has low visibility but offers high diversity due to its changeability, and case B and C have intermediate conditions in comparison to the formers.
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Yoshitsugu AOKI, Toshihiro OSARAGI, Kenichi HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
111-118
Published: October 30, 1992
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In this paper we build a simulation model on evacuation behavior in a fire-spread city following the earthquake. For simulating the evacuation behavior with reality, we propose a model of evacuators who judge the circumstances and decide their evacuation routes based on the hearsay information and the geographical urban image. As the results of simulations on fire-spread and evacuation, it is confirmed that the hearsay information process is important for safety evacuation and the information service facilities should be located along the evacuation route. It is also shown that the transfigured geographical image leads to fatal evacuation.
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Yukimasa MIYAGISHI, Hiroshi ZAINO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
119-125
Published: October 30, 1992
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As the urbanite's mobility is enlarging and the desire of comfortable urban space is rising at a contemporary city, naturally, an amenity plan is requested when the walker is experiencing while moving in the sequence landscape. Therefore, this study took up good and widely recognized landscapes that hold fascinating and changeable spaces as analysis object. The result of this study proved that a walker landscape behavior is closely relating to the changeable landscape ; open-close, impact, especially photograph in the landscape. Therefore, one of clues to search out a fascinating formation of landscape was considered.
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Osamu OBA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
127-137
Published: October 30, 1992
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I investigated the process of the developing town which has been made up of the town houses, factories and shops, picking up old Ohtsu-village which had been developed as the industrial town of cotton fablics. In order to investigate this, I studied the historical transition of the town houses' arrangement by means of the old pictures in the Edo period. In addition, I made the restoration of the factories' arrangement in the first half of the Meiji period.
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Toshio ASANO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
139-148
Published: October 30, 1992
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The traditionally represented lambda shape of the two geometrical progressions : 1, 2, 4, 8 and 1, 3, 9, 27 in Plato's Timaeus, the principal source for all irrational proportions used in the Occidental architecuture, reinterpreted as 1, √<2>, 2, 2√<2> and 1, 2/√<3>, 4/3, 8/3√<3>, has been proved the mathematical ground for the Roriczer's method of square and for the Roriczerian method of equilateral triangle formulated and named by the author. The two methods, the two irrational proportions had been the rules for the Geometrical schemes employed mainly in French High Gothic architecture. The rest one irrational proportion genealogized to the Plato's geometrical figures, the golden proportion, is, as well known, the method of Le Corbusier, le Modulor.
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Michio KATOH
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 440 Pages
149-156
Published: October 30, 1992
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Durand's composition is based on a hierarchical structure of architectural elements. This paper clarifies his hierarchical structure by mappings which are composed by selection rules and disposition rules. From the comparison between "Precis des Lecons d'Architecture" and "Partie Graphique des Cours d'Architecture", the following is made clear. His composition is based on the three dimensional grid system whose module is an <entre-axis> by changing proportional systems of classical orders from traditional and complicated ones to simple ones.
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 440 Pages
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