Several experiments conducted to date suggest that the yield of CO is strongly affected by equivalence ratio'. So it seems worthwhile to develop an empirical model of CO yield as a function of equivalence ratio based on the existing experimental data, and to use this model as the source term in fire models for the prediction of CO concentrations in buildings. In this paper, we introduce a combustion model of propane and determine each parameter used in the model as a function of equivalence ratio. The species assumed to be yielded in the model are CO_2, CO, O_2, H_2O, H_2, C and unburned fuel. The model agrees reasonably well with the results of the existing experiments.

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The influence to the room radiant interchange analysis caused by furniture or equipment has not been solved. It is important to evaluate this influence especially in rooms such as computer rooms or telephone exchange rooms. This paper aims at making clear this influence. It presents a computation method of form factors between obstructed surfaces and a room radiant interchange calculation method using this form factors. Furthermore a simple estimation method of room radiant interchange with obstructed surfaces is stated with the verification with field measurements results in a telephone exchange room.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of asymmetric and uneven thermal radiation field upon the human body. Experiments were conducted under the following conditions. Ten young male subjects in sedentary nude posture were exposed to eithteen kinds of thermal radiation field. The thermal radiation field was set to left-right side symmetry and left-right side asymmetry with the aim of constant operative temperature. It was found the following : The influence of asymmetric thermal radiation field between left side and right side was observed. In asymmetric radiation condition thermal and comfort sensations fluctuate over the wide range in contrast with symmetric condition. However, the general tendency the influence of asymmetric thermal radiation field upon subjective sensation was not evident from data of the last 10 minutes. In contrast, skin temperature difference between right and left sides corresponds to directional area operative temperature difference between both sides. It is necessary to reconsider usual operative temperature that has been used when there are asymmetric thermal radiation field. It would be more suitable to deal with the usual operative temperature in every presence of asymmetric thermal radiation and relation between air temperature and mean radiant temperature.

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The purpose of this study is to estimate urban space form using the texture of Landsat TM image. The texture indices on roughness of image were extracted from Landsat TM images in 6 urban areas and the relationships between texture index and urban space form were investigated. Based on the results the urban space forms of Kumamoto city were estimated from Landsat TM data using Multiple Regression Analysis. The estimation results were in good agreement with actual state of urban space form in Kumamoto city and it showed the possibility of estimating the information on roughness of buildings etc. from remote sensing data.

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Just after the revolution, the Government supplied a bigger house than the people's needs in those days. Under this policy several families live in a single house. This idea is similar to the system in the USSR. At 1955 year, the government cut the unit cost of housing in half, and proposed a lower price and smaller size house in which only family would live. But, in this house 2.5 〜3.0 men sleep in one room. What is more, they wish to propose an even smaller size house, so take off the corridor in the house, and people pass through the room.

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This is an experimental study to investigate eye fixation behaviors in 7 senile elderly, 7 mentally retarded and 10 normal persons, while they are looking at series of 8 m/m movie representing wayfinding process. We find that perception levels of senile elderly and mentally retarded groups are significantly improved on centrally located and repeatedly moving stimuli, although the senile elderly group is least active among 3 groups in terms of longer fixation times, time lag for pursuit, and average velocity between fixation points. Eye fixation behaviors of all subjects with Cluster Analysis are found to be grouped in mainly four types.

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The purpose of this research is to clarify the process of transformation in framing of the traditional timber houses in the area of Rokuseicho, Ishikawa prefecture. Focussing on the height of "Sashimono" and girders, this paper analyzed the adjoining system between main frame and roof frame, and revealed two types of transformation. In case of changing roof from thatching to tile, main frame restricted by the original roof span expanded upwards or sideways adding extra girders. In case of tile roof from the beginning, without restriction of roof framing, main frame can be composed of "Sashimono" in various arrangements.

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The purpose of this paper is to obtain basic data for the planning of a region development and construction taking into consideration the planning of preventing snow and ice disasters. Our investigation on snow damages in Hokkaido from 1971 to 1990 shows six types of snow damages. It is apparent from the survey that middle scale or bigger snow damages break out nearly every yere except rare years when we have little snow. And the survey also shows that snow damages caused by snowstorms stronlgy influenced by the wind velocity and temperature break out more easily in Hokkaido than in the Hokuriku districts where they have snow damages caused by extraordinary big snowfalls. Furthermore, it shows how important it is to consider snow and ice disasters in a local development plan.

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Through this case study of a rural village, we proyed the fact that each of the groups in a rural community has its own characteristics. Every group shares an area, though a few houses are detached from the main area. The environmental conditions and consciousness of old habitants' groups are better than those of new habitants' groups. This result is mainly because of the difference in the environmental conditions, but partly because of the difference of the life styles among the groups. This study will add a new viewpoint to rural planning.

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Conservation of Farmland in Urban Agricultural Promotion Area. This paper explains the reason for non-cultivationarising in urban agricultural promotion area, and searchs for the future subject to conserve normal farmland that are surrounded by urbanizaition promotion area. This study results in the following: "In non-cultivated land the occurance rate of waste land and infrigement on diversion of agricultural and differ according to the city planning regulation and the cultivating form; "Non-cultivated lots form the group; "The reason for non-cultivation arising greatly relates with workers of farmer, the land ownershipscale and the planning law; and "The owners who have much land controlled use severely and no-worker because of thier advanced age, have little intention to maintain agricultural operation and to conserve farm land.

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This thesis tries to grasp comprehensively the activies related to urban physical environment in Kobe during the early period of local government (from around 1889 to 1914). The initiative of urban developement was in the hand of private sector, while public sector played supportive role as well as subordinate one. This characteristics of urbanization led to por environment in terms of life and industry. What brought about this characteristics? I suggest an ideological problem as one of local factors.

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In 1927, Government of National Party in Nanking made the plan named City planing in Shanghai, which aimed building their own national city in nothern area of Shanghai, concession city, and its plan was put into practice. The purposes of this plan are: (1) More prosperity than it in concession (2) Preventing the enlargement of concession and building Shanghai as the symbol of national independence. Therefore, the government assigned reliable staff to the mayor who should be the leader in this plan. kofu, the first mayor of this city made the detail of this plan together with Shini, his staff. Shini worked under succesive mayors and cosequently he was actual leader of this plan. It was remarkable as the symbol of modern city planning that network was planned around the core of city. At the time of practice, this plan was interrupted by the First War in Shanghai and condequently it changed to the plan of an area project from the plan of marking great Shanghai for the purpose of the reconstruction after this war. As the result of the financial program and change of the situation by this war, this plan was terminated, however, it was the first and unique trial in the history of modem city planning in China.

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This paper shows how the concept of "space", which was first developed in, Germany in the late 19th century, was introduced into and developed in Japan, analyzing the articles on the four major Japanese architectural magazines between 1887 and 1960. Until the 1920s, the word kukan (space) had rarely been used in them. The concept of "space" began to be developed in the 1930s. From the 1950s on, it has been utilized by Japanese architects, especially the team led by Kenzo Tange. Their, move implies that at that time modern rationalism began to gain ground in many Japanese architects' thoughts.

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The styles of "Hb-Sd" pavilion in ancient Egypt can be classified in three types : 'detached type', 'semidetached side-by-side type' and 'hieroglyph (semidetached back-to-back) type'. And in its transformation, the form of hieroglyph sign of "Hb-Sd" pavilion may take an important role. And in architectural representation of hieroglyph sign, 'hieroglyph type', the orientation of axis must be adjusted to 'south-north', i. e. Upper and Lower Egypt, direction.

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This paper is the part five of the research in Chok (quadrangle) architecture of the royal buildings of Nepal. In this paper, space design and significance of the space of Sundara Chok which were typical patterns of Chok architecture of it were examined, on the basis of god images with struts located in a courtyard. As the result, we were able to draw out the following conclusion. Design of Sundara Chok showed a watering place by pictorial images of Hindu gods and goddesses centering on Visnu and a sacred place by pictorial images of the diety of heavenly body. It is an architectural space to embody the Hindu cosmos. This space was designed to win devine favor of Visnu with, the power to maintain the older of the world and, at the same time, it was Malla king's own Hindu cosmos. In other words, Sundara Chok was an informal architectural space that the king could become one with the gods routinely, and was a private place that embodied the continuation of peaceful reign of the Malla royal family.

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The classification of towers called "Bhawan" of Darbars has distinguished in the previous paper three forms. I discuss the structures of the each forms of towers. As a result, I was able to draw out the following conclusion : The main features comprising the structural system of the Bhawan are an outer quadrille wall and a wall running through the center of the building on the longer axis of the building. This type of structure system is generally employed in the traditional Nepalese architecture including residential houses. I can recognize the historical importance of Bhawan's tower structure in building a higher space for human in Shah Dynasty.

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The summary is as follows: Viollet-le-Duc's rationalism constituted the essential parts of his paintings. This rationalism between mechanics and form of Gothic is transformed in his paintings into the unity of dualism, such as reason and emotion, which formed his basic concept of architecture. The artistic production can be interpreted, so to speak, as "unity of double changes", as unity of double changes such as construction into form, form into construction, for example. In searching for this idealistic unity, he encountered "L'espace indicible" which exhibits the basic Body of Modern Age, resonant with nature in his creation.

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L. -P. Baltard, who occupied the chair of architectural education at the Ecole Polytechnique from its establishment to 1797, drew up the "Tablequ analytique pour servir a l'etude de l'architecture", which completely represented his theory of architectural education at the Ecole. This paper attempts to analyze the "Tableau" and to clarify the significance of its presence at the beginning of the 19^<th> century. The "Tableau", which was not an exact table, actually expressed a way in which all the principles of architecural theory at the time could be considered simultaneously, and indicated that the relationships between the various ideas had more importance than each idea alone. J. -N. -L. Durand, succeeding Baltard, considered this "Tableau" and established another classification for architecture: "elements-parties-ensembles" based on practical building construction.

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In their paper, they applied their fire escape simulation model to eleven buildings and compoared it's results with the results by the "Guideline Method" which is illustrated in the Building Firesafety Guideline. Then they pointed ouf that the Guideline Method has several problems. But, their opinion is not appropriate by following reason; (1) luck of understanding to "coefficient of pedestrian flow" (2) management of the problems in stagnation (3) luck of Understanding to the "Guideline Method" (4) their model is not practical as they declare (5) their comparison is not appropriate.

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In this Paper, responding to the questions, the following problems are explained: (1) Changes of coefficient of pedestrian flow, (2) Generation and spread of stagnation, (3) Zoning of plans and setting of paths for escape, (4) Availability of simulation model by magnetic model, and (5) Inspection of the model by the comparison of simulation results with the results of observation of actual fire escape of a primary school students. Consequently, this simulation model is flexibly applicable to pedestrian movements in various situations, and the accuracy of the model is proved.

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