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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1991
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Yasushi KONDO, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Shinsuke KATO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
1-5
Published: November 30, 1991
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Three dimensional isothermal room airflow is analyzed by numerical simulations. Two types ofturbulence models are applied to this highly anisotropic flowfield, the k-ε model and Algebraicstress model (hereafter abbreviated as ASM) The results of numerical simulation are comparedwith the experimental results In ASM, Reynolds stress (-u_iu_j^^^-) is evaluated by the algebraicexpression representation of transport equation for u_iu_j^^^-. Therefore ASM can reproduce the characteristics of such highly anisotropic flowfields betterthan the k-ε model do. Some shortcomings of the k-ε which is based on the eddy viscosity mod-elling are clarified.
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Osamu ISHIHARA, Qingyuan ZHANG
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
7-16
Published: November 30, 1991
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In summer, the earth is considered a natural cooling source of dwellings. Cooling tubes are one of the methods making use of earth cooling. In this paper, we conducted some experiments with a dwelling, house equipped with two pieces of cooling tubes. Then we made a computer program to simulate the thermal perfomance of a cooling tube. The validity of the program is certified by comparing the results of simulation with measured ones. By using the program, a sensitive analysis about the influence of some factors such as length, airflow rate and the depth of the tubes is made. The effects of cooling tubes in Tokyo and Sendai are also discussed.
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Atsuo NOZAKI, Susumu YOSHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
17-23
Published: November 30, 1991
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To estimate the indoor concentration of NOX by the usage of flue-less type combustion appliances, experimental study was carried out in a laboratory where the ventilation rate, consequently oxygen concentration was controlled. The NO generation rate decreased proportionally with the depression of oxygen concentration to a certain point, K_c, beyond which the decrease rate was much less. N0_2 showed the almost constant generation to K_c, beyond which decreased proportional to oxygen concentration. Though we could not determine K_c with radiant type heaters, the decrease of NO_x emission rate was proportional to oxygen and moderate compared to "fan heater"s.
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Chulgoo LEE, Arsen Krikor MELIKOV, Hiroshi HOMMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
25-31
Published: November 30, 1991
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The impact of velocity and turbulence intensity of airflow on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution on a thermal manikin was experimentally investigated using a turbulence intensity changeable low airflow producer. When the velocity of forced airflow was below 0.2 m/s, the convective heat transfer coefficient changed little at the lowest part of the foot and increased at the upper part compared to the condition of natural convection. It increased over the whole surface when forced airflow was over 0.3 m/s. The heat transfer coefficient increased significantly with the turbulence intensity, when the forced convection was over 0.3 m/s.
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Hideo NAOI, Hidetaka UNO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
33-41
Published: November 30, 1991
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In this paper, as the first part of the series, common method through several surveys of this purpose is considered, such as effective ways to grasp injuries according their severities, units to count the quantity of injuries, and definitions of accident types necessary to combine results of several surveys. Then four surveys carried out concerning Japanese dwellings are reported, and as the combined result of those surveys, severity distribution of injuries caused by building related accident is grasped as follows, Dead 1 : Seriously injured 30〜70 : Slightly injured 9000〜14000
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Kenji TATEBE, Kouji SHIDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
43-49
Published: November 30, 1991
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The purpose of this study is to establish a method which evaluates the plan of school buildings for safety evacuation. In this study the children' flow under the time of evacuation exercise is investigated. As a result, the following findings have been obtained : (1) The numerical values for human traffic flow in shools were obtained as follows : coefficient of human flow : N_c=1.9 person/m-s velocity in corridors : v_c=1.2 m/s velocity in stair-cases : v_s=0.9 m/s (2) The evacuation time estimated using the numerical values for human traffic flow in schools obtained in this study is nearly coincident with the situation time observed in real situation.
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Satoshi MATSUSHITA, Shigeyuki OKAZAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
51-59
Published: November 30, 1991
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In this study, a computer simulation model for wayfinding of pedestrians in mazes has been developed from the result of experiments at two mazes. The observed pedestrian movement in experiments to choose paths was translated into the choice of corners in the model. The simulation model successfully simulated most of the behavior patterns of pedestrians observed in experiments in mazes, so the algorithm of the model can be regarded as adequate and available.
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Kunio FUNAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
61-72
Published: November 30, 1991
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A first-time visitor as a subject who is individually engaged in one of four experimental conditions which consist of two types of circulation spaces by two kinds of instruction methods, namely "map-learning" and "guided-tour-learning," is asked to navigate trying to maintain the maximum accordance with the given route learned through the initial instruction procedure. Some characteristic aspects of the wayfinding behavior and spatial cognition of 31 subjects, e.g. the patterns of performed routes, sketch maps, recognition of interior photographs, are analyzed and described with regard to the effects of physical features of given environments and of the initial instruction methods.
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Naoji MATSUMOTO, Nobuharu TERANISHI, Mitsuru SENDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
73-82
Published: November 30, 1991
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The purpose of the present study is to clear the relation of visual disorder and regularity to physical situation in the central business district. So we grasped visual effects in street views and then extracted elements that we had perceived as disorder and regularity. Then we cleared the relation between elements and their situations. We got following results : (1) Disorder is decided by distribution form and impression of disorderly elements. Regularity is influenced by physical situations of not only regular ones but also disorderly ones. (2) Disorder and regularity in street views are decided by mutuality of physical situations of individual elements.
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Hirokuni TANIGUCHI, Fumihito MIYAMOTO, Hiroshi KANNO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
83-92
Published: November 30, 1991
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The purpose of this study is to grasp the physical characteristics of the enclosed spaces on university campuses. At first, 26 physical variables describing the shapes of the enclosed spaces were defined and through factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) of intercorrelation matrix, the following results were extracted : Physical variables are classified into five groupes : Scale, Openness, Uneven distribution, Height, and Variation of height. And these five groupes of physical variables form the circumplex structure on MDS two dimensional configurations. The dispositions of buildings constructing enclosed space are more easily and more objectively classified on the MDS configurations.
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Tota NOMURA, Kwang Bum PARK, Akiomi HIRANO, Yuzo FUJITA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
93-103
Published: November 30, 1991
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The object of this paper is to survey on architectural problems of Japanese museum, and to grasp them in quantity. The definite results of this paper will be practical and available data in museum's design and planning. The contents of this paper are as follows. 1. Introduction. 2. Outline of the investigation. 3. Outline of investigate museum. 4. The present condision and problems in several departments by classificasion and structural scale for museums. 5. Conclusion.
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Tomoko TANAKA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
105-113
Published: November 30, 1991
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This paper aims to clarify the real state of choice of different types of apartments by their life style. For this purpouse, we conducted a survey among residents in November 1990. It can be found that the Urbanity-oriented group (they enjoy many urban facilities) prefer high-rise apartment (36 stories and 15 stories), and the Community-oriented group (they have positiveness to community activities) prefer walk-ups. And each of life style groups have their needs for common facilities and services.
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Katsusuke ASAKA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
115-127
Published: November 30, 1991
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Yokohama, one of the most famous international port cities in Japan, is excellent in its urban design. It is of course ascribed to the superiority of the city planning, and in addition to this, the planning is noticed to be very attentive to even such public facilities as crematoriums. This fact has been clarified in the present study in relation to the history of the city formation of Yokohama since the Meiji era.
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Yoshiro YAMAMORI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
129-139
Published: November 30, 1991
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Agricultural land allotment on the Jori-grid system developed in the 7th to the 8th century in koto plain of Shiga prefecture has Jori compartment which each side length is about 110 meters and which is divided into 10. paddy fiels. In this report the land allotment is tried to restore to the original state by historical document and detailed survey map. Agricultural farming space on Jori-grid system was thought to be in homogeneous condition in spite of micro-geological differences. And then, the process of the development of the Jori-grid system is assumed as follows : firstly main (outer) levees for roads and creeks were developed in a short period of the first half of 8th C., and then the inner parts into paddy fields successively in the 8th C. and after.
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Takashi OMI, Keiji KITAHARA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
141-149
Published: November 30, 1991
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We explicate buildings of devided ownership excepting mansion from viewpoints of landholding and reformation of land use, and make clear process to formation of condominium. So we point out characteristics and roll of condominium. 1) Landholding is not coincident with holding of building in condominium. 2) Landowner consists of a few person or corporation, and landholding has a tendency to be separeted from condominium. 3) Buildings of devided ownership play roles for continuation and magnification of business function, and rebirth .of residential space. 4) Transfer of landownership has many cases, but isn't related with integration and magnification of site, etc. And we propose model that indicate a relation of landowner, owner of condominium and pre-resident (leaseholder).
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Masahiro MISHIMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
151-163
Published: November 30, 1991
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Japanese pavilion named HO-O-DEN (Phoenix Hall) in the exposition in Chicago, 1893, is important as the first Japanese traditional style building designed by a Japanese architect who studied Western architecture. Its form designed by Masamichi Kuru, however, is thought to have been influenced by the goals for participation of Japan in the Exposition and the participation of Ryuichi Kuki, Kakuzo Okakura and Kentaro Yanagitani with the Exposition office of Japan. Yanagitani had opinions regarding the Japanese pavilion and Kuki and Okakura had pride in Japanese art. This paper reports the motivation for and the factors surrounding the HO-0-DEN's construction.
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Mitsutoshi Kuretani
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
165-174
Published: November 30, 1991
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A part of the present investigation has already been reported in this journal No. 420 and No. 425. The present report is concerned with the subsequent detailed reserch on Le Corbusier's dualism that has been left unresolved. As is generally known, such a problem as art and technique in architecture has been considered many times over the past years. How can Le Corbusier's unity of dualism stand up ? I descride the meaning of Le Corbusier's geometry in detail.
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Toshio ASANO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 429 Pages
175-182
Published: November 30, 1991
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This paper analyzes the two major works of Brunelleschi and Peruzzi, regarding to their architectural forms, sources and inventions. The schemes analyzed here of form-sources are as follows I Gothic rib vault/Pantheon - Brunelleschi's Dome of Florence Cathedral; Pantheon - Peruzzi's Palazzo Massimo. The invention of Brunelleschi is the inside-out of the Gothic rib vault and Pantheon interior forms and structures for the Dome. The invention of Peruzzi is the inside-out of the Pantheon interior and the superimposition on its exterior. The latter's unique insistence is the 'undecorative' use of the order, as opposed to the Renaissance orthodoxy.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 429 Pages
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