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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1993
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Katsuo INOUE, Sho KIMURA, Tohru KAWAHARAZUKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
1-8
Published: November 30, 1993
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This paper deals with an examination of a method of measurement of exciting force, generated in equipment and its characteristics, when carrying out the control of solid borne sound generated by building equipment. The subject equipment were turbo refrigerators and heat pump chillers, which have considerable exciting force, and, as methods of measurement, examinations were conducted using the direct method and the impedance method. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The results of measurement by the direct and impedance methods indicate a favorable correspondence. (2) Since the equipment has expansive flat surfaces, exciting force, together with phase shifts, are generated at each of the support points. When concerned with time characteristics of generation, it is better to give consideration to phase differences, however, when concerned with vibration control measures, it is better to express the force, with added energy, which is input to the support points. (3) The exciting force peak modulus for the refrigerator is in the range of 150 dB and that for heat pump chillers is approximately 140 dB. Frequency characteristics of the exciting force indicates a tendency to decrease as the frequency increases in the 63 Hz band or more for heat pump chillers.
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Hiroyoshi SHIOKAWA, Morimasa ITAMOTO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
9-15
Published: November 30, 1993
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Sound radiation from side wall of glass fiber ducts is studied by measuring complex sound intensity in sound field outside side wall. The sound from side wall radiates much more within, about 1 meter in the length of glass fiber ducts from joint with steel ducts. For evaluating sound characteristics of straight glass fiber ducts, nine kinds of test units (round, regular polygon and square section ducts, each of them have three kinds of ducts. ) are studied. By the difference in their duct section types sound attenuation and sound insulation characteristics of side wall are compared and discussed.
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Hisaya ISHINO, Kimiko KOHRI, Jun TANIMOTO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
17-27
Published: November 30, 1993
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To grasp the characteristic of distribution of meteorological condition for the design of air conditioning systems within a certain district, a series of analyses about temperature data measured by local government and AMeDAS data, were performed. By statistical analysis, six kinds of isothermal graphs covering 100 km Tokyo district, were obtained. A method estimating daily variation of air temperature inside the area of isothermal graph, was proposed. Accuracy of the proposed method using six isothermal graphs was confirmed, comparing with AMeDAS data. A series of field measurement data using trains of JR line within the Tokyo district were shown. A method for transfering from field measurement data to design temperature data was proposed, and validity of the method was confirmed.
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Noriko UMEMIYA, Kunio MATSUURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
29-36
Published: November 30, 1993
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Threshold values of breeze were found in a ventilated room in summer by supposing that the probability of wind velocity which exceeds threshold value is equal to the ratio of the time when wind is sensed.The results were following. (1)The threshold values were nearly in propotion to the mean velocities when air-conditioner running and opened, but the correlation was poorer when natural-ventilated. (2)ffhen natural-ventilated, as coefficient of variance of velocity increased 10% threshold value decreased about 0.02(m/s), which agreed with Kubota(1979)'s result in summer. (3)Mean wind velocity when sensings start and mean when sensings end in a vote had correlations to the mean velocity except for mean of the starts when natural-ventilated. (4)The cumulative distribution function of indoor wind velocity could be approximated by ffeibull distribution except when natural-ventilated.
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Hidetaka KOMIYA, Tatsuo OKA, Taizou SHIMOKAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
37-44
Published: November 30, 1993
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Daily variations of sensible and latent heat fluxes were observed on the same.days in summer, autumn and winter in various land uses such as urban area, residential area and greenbelt area in Utsunomiya by eddy correlation method. Sensible heat fluxes in urban area are approximately 40-100(w/m^2) larger than in rural area and latent heat fluxes in urban area are approximately 20-80(w/m^2) smaller than in rural area. The average Bowen-Ratios in urban area, residential area and greenbelt area are 2.2, 1.3 and 0.7 respectively in summer and those values in.autumn-and winter become larger.
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Naoyuki OHI, Kotaroh HIRATE, Masahito YASUOKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
45-51
Published: November 30, 1993
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Among many studies about the evaluation of townscapes, we found two problems. (1) Moving factors like pedestrians or cars are not taken into consideration. (2) The consideration for the changes of light condition is not enough. So we made some studies on the influence of change factors (pedestrians, light conditions etc.) in the evaluation of townscapes using SD method. As a result, we found that the evaluations are changing widely through a day, especially with some variables like "bright-dark", "clear-vague", etc.
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Hiroaki KIKUCHI, Masashi IIDA, Yuko YODA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
53-60
Published: November 30, 1993
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It is normal for everybody to live together with the handicapped and the aged. That is the idea of normalization now progressing in many advanced countries in Europe, where the governments have given priority to their social welfare policies promoting social facilities such as hospitals and other protective institutions to help the handicapped and the aged pursue an independent personal life as much as possible. In Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has recently decided to encourage the development of both social and domestic living conditions so that they may live at home independently with social support. Under the present situation, however, it wonld be almost impossible to enjoy their independent lives at home as long as they wish to without making large repairs on their residences. What is worse, the cold and snowy climate makes the situation more difficult and complicate. In this paper, we consider the present living condition based on a survey of the inhabitants of houses and apartments, and discuss the issues we face in the urban society where the aged population is becoming larger very quickly.
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Takao MORITA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
61-70
Published: November 30, 1993
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The community facilities established spontaneously in a new town supplement the community facilities established intentionally and complete the community facilities there. But their spontaneous establishment in a housing area may disturb the housing environment. In order to know how to complete the community facilities with planned and spontaneous facilities to maintain the amenity of the housing area, we researched the trends for generation of these facilities and employed questionnaires on the facility owners' countermeasures in order not to disturb the housing environment in Kouzouji New Town. The results are; 1) there are timelags in the building of the planned facilities and spontaneous facilities, 2) forty percent of spontaneous facilities were made by converting houses to facilities, 3) owners' interest were concentrated on noise control rather than the townscape.
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Hiroaki KIKUCHI, Masashi IIDA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
71-78
Published: November 30, 1993
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Recently the govenment has decided to lay priority on quality rather than quantity in its housing policies. The aim is to supply comfortable energy saving houses and protect the well-balanced natural environments from pollution. This means that more and more houses which are superior to traditional houses in thermal insulating and air-tightening will be built all over the country. In such houses vapor barrier is usually formed on the interior surface of the insulated wall. And the vapor barrier is also useful for air-tightening. But it is very difficult to form seamless vapor barrier because of pipes and cables for water, gas, electricity and sewage which impede air-tightness. So we devised a prefabricated insulation panel with the vapor barrier in it. And then we constructed an experimental house in which we could ensure the thermal insulationand air-tightness, by applying our newly-devised method to the wooden frame. In this paper we consider the procedure of designing the panels and constructing the experimental house, comparing with several outside insulated (experimental) houses where thevapor barrier and insulation were formed at the building site.
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Yoshitsugu AOKI, Jonghoon PARK, Toshihiro OSARAGI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
79-85
Published: November 30, 1993
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It is important in the studies on urban image to discuss not only the perceptible objects itself but also the cognitive schemata figured in pur minds. We can imagine the geographical structure of cities although the objects can not be seen directly. This fact suggests that we have a kind of cognitive schema for the geographical urban image. As an example, we made surveys on our geographical image of the loop lines of stations in Tokyo, Osaka and Seoul. The results show us that our geographical image of loop lines is transfigured to the very simple circular shape with the effects of the cognitive schema.
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Takashi OMI, Toshiyuki AIHARA, Kazuhiro MANO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
87-94
Published: November 30, 1993
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We explicate how condominium ownership affects the conversion of right and facilities planning in redeveloped buildings. Results are summarized as follows. 1)The exchanges of right are diverse in each case, but the type of ownership is mostly simple condominium. 2)The use of floor in co-ownership is placed restrictions. On the other hand, the use of floor in condominium is complicated, and its location after redevelopment are concerned with them before redevelopment. 3)Some of commercial redeveloped buildings try adopting system that they can acquire wide open spaces in spite of independence in condominium.
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Junzo MUNEMOTO, Toru SAKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
95-104
Published: November 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is to clear the relation of spatial physical elements to spatial perception in various exterior space formed by buildings. At first, three factors of spatial impressions were defined with Semantic Differential Technique : 'quality', 'complexity' and 'spread'. So we checked through the relations between these three factors and a variety of spatial elements. As a result, we grasped the relation of number of the additional elements to 'complexity' and the relation of basic elements' ratio to 'spread'. And we found out that the impressions about 'quality' was decided by the gestalt effects of the spatial elements.
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Hyo-Jin YOON, Hiroshi MIMURA, Bon LIM
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
105-111
Published: November 30, 1993
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It is necessary to make the system for the preservation and succession of KYO-MACHIYA in the historical centre of KYOTO. The purpose of this study is to know why MACHIYA inhabitants go to succeed to MACHIYA against the extra economical pressure and how MACHIYA will be. Therefore we found those who are proud of MACHIYA and asked them about their requirement of MACHIYA succession by questionnaire, and it made sure that they hope to succeed to MACHIYA and to live in there, while we could understand that the bigger pressure.to demolish MACHIYA in near future (probably half within 10 years).
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Shingo TAMAKI, Hiroshi HASEGAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
113-126
Published: November 30, 1993
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This paper aims to clarify the characteristics on the dwelling spaces and composition of rooms of newly built, detached housing in prefectural government cities in South Kyusyu region, that is, Miyazaki and Kagoshima City. Main conclusions are as follows; 1. Typical site areas are 150 to 300 m^2 in Miyazaki City, and are 150 to 250 m^2 in Kagoshima City. 2. Typical areas of floor spaces are 100 to 140 m^2 in Miyazaki City and are 80 to 120 m^2 in Kagoshima City. 3. The mean areas of dwelling floor spaces in Kagoshima City is 115.3 m^2 and is smaller than Hokuriku region by 30 to 45 m^2. 4. The mean number of dwelling rooms in Kagoshima City is 5.24 rooms and is fewer than Hokuriku region by 0.6 to 1.0 rooms. 5. Typical compositions of dwelling rooms are LDK and one Japanese room in the first floor, and two or three bed rooms in the second floor.
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Kozo IKE, Tatuki SUZUKI, Haruo KATAOKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
127-136
Published: November 30, 1993
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The Nandaimon is a great south gate of Todaiji reconstructed under the direction of .the monk Shunjobo Chogen (1121-1206), who devoted the last 25 years, of his. life to the project. The wooden architecture known as the so-called Daibutsu style is characterized by deep, overhanging eaves supported by tiers of bracket arms with increasing outward projection, and by crossbeams tenoned into the pillars. Our study makes the system and efficiency of these member's joints clear with the models (scale 1/10, 1/50), and shows a process of experiment in the framework construction.
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Masaki YASHIRO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
137-151
Published: November 30, 1993
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This study attempts to clarify Mart Stam's activities related to the Bauhaus. Below mentioned four .points become clear : 1. participation in the International Architectural Exhibition, 2. commission for a book in the "Bauhausbiicher" series, 3. W. Gropius' request, never accepted, for Stam to lead the architectural department, 4. lectures given, at initiation of H. Meyer. All of those activities'had been realized through contacts from the Bauhaus side; as Stam himself mentioned the Bauhaus was "always sympathetic" to Stam.
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Junichi SANO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
153-158
Published: November 30, 1993
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Mies van Her Rohe didn't talk much 'about his proportion system. For instance he wouldn't admit that he used the Golden Ratio. But as the result of the analysis of the plans of House with Three Courts and IIT Chapel which had the Golden Ratio, it became clear that the positions of main axes and partitions in these plans were decided by the proportion system of "Whirling Squares starting from a Golden Rectangle" and so on. That makes sure that Mies intentionally used the Golden Ratio as his proportion system.
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Yasuyuki ITO, Akira FUJII
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 453 Pages
159-167
Published: November 30, 1993
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In computer image analysis (scene analysis), detection of clear edges is a matter of great significance. In this paper, we proposed algorithm of dynamic edge detection, based on discriminant criteria. This program has two steps. At the first step, primitive edges are detected from local area of image. At the second step, final edges are detected in the whole image from the global poit of view. Application of this algorithm to 3 types of images lead the following result. (1) Clear and thin edges are detected from any type of image. (2) Noise edges from texture area are surppressed.
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 453 Pages
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