Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 2433-0043
Print ISSN : 0910-8017
ISSN-L : 0910-8017
Volume 349
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 349 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 349 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 349 Pages App1-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1985 Volume 349 Pages Toc1-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1985 Volume 349 Pages Toc2-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • MASAHIRO CHATANI, RYUZO OHNO, HIROAKI KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 1-9
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    It is our common experience that textures appear differently under different conditions of lighting. In order to manipulate textures in environmental design, it would be useful to know how they appear in a given situation. This paper. Part 4 of the studies, investigates the quantitaive relationships between lighting and perceived visual roughness by a psychophysical experiment. In the experiment, a pair of granular surfaced panels was visually presented to 9 subjects. The lighting conditions for one of the panels were systematically varied by changing the angle of incidence (from 15° to 75°) and the degree of illuminance (from 50 to 6 900 1x), while the other panel's lighting conditions were fixed (at 45°, 1 300 1x). The observation distance of the panel with the fixed lighting conditions was adjusted so that two panels appeared to have an equal degree of roughness. The effect of lighting on perceived visual roughness caused the change of the observation distance. For instance, if one panel appeared rougher by changing lighting condition, the other panel then had to be moved closer to the observer so that the visual perception of roughness between the two appeared equal. Based upon the result of Part 2 of the studies, the change of observation distance can be interpreted into the change of perceived visual roughness. Thus, a quantitative relationship between lighting condition and perceived visual roughness was obtained. The experiment revealed that the influence of both the angle of incidence and the degree of illuminance varied according to the projective image of the surface roughness (visual angle of the grain size). The finer the image of the surface appears, the more marked the effect becomes. When the surface appears as rough as the visual angle, over 7' (minutes), the lighting conditions have no effect on the subjective judgement of visual roughness.
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  • NOBUHIRO SUZUKI, OKUTO NAKAZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 10-21
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • TERUKAZU TAKESHITA, MASAO AOKl
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 22-31
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In Japanese nursery school, there is no standard of a capacity of two-year-old children's class which can be seen in many foreign countries. In the existing circumstances, many classes respectively have a large capacity of 20 or 30. In this study, in relation to the capacities of classes which are most important when a nursery room is planned, they are divided into the three conditions, that is, a capacity of 12, that of 15, and that of 20, and in each condition the experimental care is taken. After this, the influence on the two-year-old children and the nurse staffs is investigated and the suitable capacity is considered. As the result bf this, the following two points are confirmed. 1 When a class has a capacity of 20, it becomes very much remarkable that the children play in a group less frequently. 2 In the same case, the nurse staffs feel more fatigued. Accordingly, it becomes clear that the capacity of less than 20 in a class is suitable.
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  • YASUHIRO SAKURAI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 32-42
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This paper aims to clear the factors that controll group activities in leisure time, on the assumption to grasp the future tendency of those. The conclusions in this paper are as follows ; 1) Group activities and inclinations in leisure time are controlled basically by "Sex", secondly by life stage nemely "Famlly Trpe" or "Age", moreover by "School Career" or "Employment" or "Tipe of Industry" or "Economical Free". 2) Qualitative tendencies controlled by "School Career" and woman's "Employment" are even In some cities, but those controlled by other factors are uneven. 3) Group activities and inclinations in leisure time are controlled more strongly by "Hours of Leisure" or "Rate of Those in Hours without Working and Sleeping", than by "Working Hours". 4) Qualitative tendencies controlled by factors on social stratum are varied by composition of time budget. 5) Five expectations as to the future tendency of group activities this paper proposed have two significance for planning of assembly facilities. One is to show the future tendency as to the wealthy group formation classies, the other is to clear the existence of poor group formation classies.
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  • TAKASHI SUZUKI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 43-55
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Le but de cet article est d'eclairer le processus de la formation des reseaux de voirie parisiens, au moyen de l'analyse d'un cas particulier des rues du quartier St. -Georges, ouvertes par le lotissement dans les annees 1820 s. Dans l'article anterieur il a ete constate que les formations des rues, des ilots, voire des parcelles n'etaient pas toujours conditionnees par les formes des immeubles a batir qui, en, s'organisant survant le "principe de combinaison de MA", s'adaptaient a toute la gamme des formes parcellaires. Trois rues et une place ont ete ouvertes par le lotissement du quartier St. -Georges (Fig. 1). Deux autres rues, qui avaient ete concues a l'origine, ont fini par rester en etat de projet personnel (4 et 5 en Fig. 1). La formation de cet ensemble des rues et de la place a ete analysee sous quatre differentes perspectives : I) les outils conceptuels pour determiner des reseaux de voirie ; II) les reseaux de voirie existants au voisinage des terrains a lotir, qui ont du conditionner les traces des rues a percer ; III) les conditions inherentes aux terrains d'operation ; IV) l'attitude des pouvoirs publics, controleurs de la voirie, a l'egard des operations de lotissement projetees et effectuees par des acteurs prives. Les resultats de l'analyse sont mis au point comme ceux qui suivent. (I) Les outils conceptuels ont ete extraits par analyse des projets d'amenagement et d'embellissement de la ville de Paris de la seconde moitie du 18e siecle (ceux par PONCET DE LA GRAVE, par MERCIER, par QUATREMERE DE QUINCY et par PATTE ainsi que le Plan des Artistes) et des reseaux reels de voirie construits par les principaux lotissements des 17e et 18e siecles. Les projets et propositions des quatre auteurs du 18e siecle ont un element commun : creation d'une place et d'une rue nouvelles attachees a des monuments. Le Plan des Artistes (Fig. 2) comprend deux differentes categories des voies. De sa premiere categorie des voies, a percer dans le cadre de chacun des biens nationaux pour les lotir, qui, malgre Ieur "isolement sans une conception generale de quelque envergure"(HALBWACHS), s'integrent dans le systeme des voies etabli en fait sur la rive droite, sont retires les outils suivants : 1) le parallele et l'orthogonal des traces : et 2) le prolongement en continuite des voies existantes. Les longues voies de la deuxieme categorie reliant de differents quartiers sont caracterisees par : 1) la disposition des places aux croisements ou extremites des voies ; et 2) la tendance a faire apparaitre une structure radio-concentrique avec les principaux reseaux existants sur la rive gauche. Les reseaux des rues des principaux lotissements des 17e et 18e siecles(Fig. 4) degagent les outils suivants : 1) le parallele et l'orthogonal des traces et 2) le prolongement en continuite des rues existantes du voisinage (3-6, 9, 11); ainsi que 3) la fermeture du reseau nouveau par rapport a celui existant du voisinage (8, 10) et le radial des traces (8). Les outils conceptuels ainsi extraits des projets et des lotissements des epoques anterieures sont retrouves dans les traces des rues du quartier St. -Georges (Fig. 1 et Fig. 5) : 1) l'orthogonal (2, 3); 2) le diagonal ou le radial (1) ; 3) une place mise au croisement; 4) la perspective etablie par la rue aboutissant a la place en face d'un monument (un hotel particulier) ; et 5) le prolongement en continuite des rues existantes (T. G, F) . La qualite generale de ces outils berites des epoques anterieures est affirmee par le fait qu'ils sont aussi retrouves dans les traces des rues des autres lotissements contemporains (14, 16-19 en Fig. 4). La predominance des traces radiaux ou diagonaux au 19e siecle plutot qu'aux siecles prededents peut etre expliquee par une volonte de relier les rues existantes en ville

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  • YUICHI FUKUKAWA, YUKIO NISHIMURA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 56-68
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In Japanese historic towns, samurai as well as merchant districts play an important role in urban conservation. The current problems of the two districts, however, are so different from each other that we cannot discuss them in the same phrase. Up to the present day, generally we have not engaged in conservation studies of samurai districts. The absence of the samurai class and the resemblance between samurai houses and the detached houses in modern suburbs, are the main reasons we have not made adequate analysis' of samurai districts in the context of urban conservation. From the case study of the samurai district of MATSUSHIRO castle town, NAGANO Prefecture, this paper will clarify the prototype of the plan of samurai houses, their zonl allocation and the system of aggregating samurai districts. As well, through the discussion of historical transformation, this paper will provide a direction towards the conservation of samurai districts. Contents of the paper are as follows : 1. Historic context of the samurai district of MATSUSHIRO. 2. Spacial constitution of samurai districts : * Prototype plan of a samurai house * Water system of a samurai district * Aggregation system of a samurai district 3. Historic transformation of the samurai district in MATSUSHIRO. 4. Conclusion.
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  • TERUYUKI FUJIKAMI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 69-75
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    As an analysis for stastical data on refurbishment of buildings, approximate amount of money spent by means of obtaining (repair, expantion and new built) in owned houses, for 47 Prefectures,was estimated, and some relation between each expenditure was examined in this report.
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  • MAKIKO UENO
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 76-83
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • TAKASHI YASUDA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 84-92
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In this study, I analyzed the difference of orientation toward house-ownership between the residents of occupied apartment houses and those of rented apartment houses. Both of them almost oriented to detached house-ownership, but the factors of moving out from their houses are very diffeent between the former and the latter.
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  • KATSUHIKO WATANABE, MARIKO OKAMOTO, AKIRA NAITO
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 93-100
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    On this paper, We introduced and examined the architectural reference books on modular coordination (lit. Kiwari) "Furukawa Shinbei's Kiwari-notes" group. As a result, this paper clarified the fact that "Furukawa Shinbei's Kiwari-notes" group occupied a very important position in the process of establishment of Japanese architectural reference books on modular coordination.
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  • KIYOHARU HORIUCHl
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 101-112
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This is a part of studies on the design procedure of ancient Greek Doric temples, specifically on the planning of outer peristyles. For this kind of studies it is necessary to find some formulae which enable us to compute objectively the relations between axial intercolumnar spaces and front and flank lengths of stylobate. The purpose of this paper is a propose of these formulae. The most fundamental data of a temple are numbers of front and flank columns and lengths of stylobate. Although it is not easy to say the actual sequence of planning steps, it seems more likely that numbers of columns and axial spaces had been determined when front and flank lengths of stylobate were decided, and the lengths of stylobate were calculated as the sum of axial spaces and width of stylobate S (here, it means twice the distance from the centre of angle column to the edge of stylobate), than that stylobate lengths had been decided first and axial spaces were calculated by dividing the stylobate lengths. On these assumptions, I have formulated four Rules and their variations. First of all, if front axial space had been equal to flank axial space, front stylobate width had been same as flank stylobate width, and amount of angle contraction on the front had been equal to that on the flank, the common axial space would have always been computed as follows, whichever Rule might be applied. If we designate common axial space as I, front length of stylobate as W, flank length of stylobate as L, number of front columns as C_w, and number of flank columns as C_1. I=(L-W)/(C_L-C_W) Rule 1 is for those temples that had the same axial space both on front and flank, and stylobate width was equal to a half of axial space M (Fig. 1). Rule 1 a, a variation of Rule 1, is for those temples that although front axial space I_w was not equal to flank axial space I_L, front width of stylobate S_w was still equal to a half of front axial space M_w, and flank width of stylobate S_L was equal to a half of flank axial space M_L. In both Rule 1 and Rule 1 a, we get following equations : I_W=2・W/(2C_W-1),I_L=2・L/(2C_L-1) Rule 2 is for those temples that front and flank axial spaces were same, but stylobate width was not equal to a half of axial space (Fig. 2). Let us designate stylobate width in this case as K_2・M, number of intercolumniations on front as N_w, number of intercolumniations on flank as N_L, we can compute K_2 as follows K_2=(2(N_L・W-N_W・L))/(L-W) when front and flank axial spaces were not same, it would be classified as Rule 2 a, a variafion of Rule 2. In this case, we can not make any equations to define I_w, I_L or S. We must find out these dimensions by try and error method. When Rule 1 Temple had angle contraction, it would be classified as Rule 3 (Fig.3). If we designate the amount of contraction as (1 -K_3)・M, we can compute K_3 by the following equation, K_3=((2C_L-3)・W-(2C_W-3)・L)/(2(L-W)), (2・K_3+K_2+1) When Rule 2 temple had angle contraction, it would be classified as Rule 4. In this case, we can not but compute by Rule 3 and divide the value of (1 - K_3)・M among the contractions of angle intercolumiation and stylobate width. The principle of angle contraction by Rule 3 and Rule 4 is to move the angle columns inwards to get even triglyph interval. It is the easiest way to realize angle contraction, at the same time, it is in accordance with the generally accepted comprehension of angle contraction. But there is another method to make every triglyph interval same, without moving the angle columns. I have formulated this latter method as Rule AC. Let us reconsider the triglyph problem. If angle intercolumniation had not been contracted, angle metope would have become wider than normal metope. If, instead of contracting angle intercolumniation, the amount of elongation of angle metope had been evenly distributed to every metope, all the metope width would have become equal. By this

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  • TATSUKI SATO
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 113-123
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Most of main churches of Early Gothic were covered with sexpartite vaults. But they were deserted with transition to High Gothic, instead rectangular quadripartite vaults came to be widely employed. However in Ile-de-France, before Early Gothic, rectangular quadripartite vaults had already been used in many churches. That is to say, within the limits of Ile-de-France, the nave vaulting was suddenly transformed from rectangular quadripartite to sexpartite with commencement of Early Gothic, and then returned to rectangular quadripartite again. It is a singular transition. The transition as such cannot be explained reasonably as a development of vault. I think that the cause of such a irregular transition of vault exists rather in the transition of pier system than in the vault itself. In this paper, I make it clear that the transition of pier system in Ile-de-France is able to be recognized as a process that heavy compound piers were replaced by stages with slender columns, and that the transition of vault like above can be explained as a secondary phenomenon following to the transition of pier system.
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  • TSUNEO TAKAHASHI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 124-133
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The purpose of this study is to inspect practically the actual conditions of the Kesen-carpenters in the Edo and the Meiji periods, from the viewpoints of their works, their techniques, their genealogies, their social backgrounds, and so on. In this paper, the Kesen-carpenters on the construction of houses were examined through the investigations on both the houses and the documentary records of the Edo and the Meiji periods in Rikuzen-Takada district.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 134-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 349 Pages 134-136
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 349 Pages App2-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 349 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 30, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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