Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 377 Pages Cover1-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 377 Pages Cover2-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1987 Volume 377 Pages Toc1-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1987 Volume 377 Pages Toc2-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Toc2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1987 Volume 377 Pages Toc3-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Toc3

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AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF AUXILIARY HEATING AND THE BEHAVIORS OF THERMAL MASS IN DIRECT GAIN SYSTEM

NAOAKI ITO, NOBUYUKI SUNAGA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 1-8
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_1

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The basic principle of passive solar heating systems is to make a proper combination of the building components, especially the thermal mass with the element of solar heat collection such as windows, in addition thermal insulation of building envelope under the given climate. In spite of the heat storage element is more important among them, the behaviors of the thermal mass have not yet been known thoroughly. In order to enable one to design more comfortable indoor climate and the energy conservation in a building, to clarify the behaviors of the thermal mass and to know the ways to decide the good size of the thermal mass for a building are required. In this paper, by the results of the experiment using test cells, the energy consumption of auxiliary heating and the behaviors of the thermal mass in direct gain systems are discussed. The principal results were as follows ; 1. There is a tendency that the maximum houly energy consumption dicrease with increasing heat capacity of test cell. 2. The daily energy consumption of the test cell with the thermal mass are influenced by not only the solar gain of the day but also those of several days before. 3. The swing of temparature in the thermal mass vary with the thickness of the thermal mass, and therefore the effect of thermal mass on the energy consumption of auxiliary heating depends on the thickness of thermal mass.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GENERATION PROCESS OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES IN NEW TOWNS AND ORDINARY BUILT-UP AREAS

SHIRO KASHIHARA, HIDEMASA YOSHIMURA, TAKASHI YOKOTA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 9-17
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_9

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THE USING CONDITION AND THE RIQUIREMENT FOR THE USE IN SPECIAL CLASSROOM SPACE : Studies on the space planning of special classroom for speach and language handicapped children (1)

EIJI NISHIJIMA, HITOSHI SATO

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 18-28
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_18

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The present report therefor aims at presenting basic date on planning of the special classroom for speach and language handicapped children. Consequently, We investigated the actual conditions of handicaps of children and educational treatments, using conditions of space in the classroom. The summary of the results is : 1) The number average of classmate/number average of teacher = 10.1(<12), but the amount of scatter number of classmate and teacher is wide. 2) The percentage composition of a number of disorder of airticulation is 33.5% of the children in the special class. The second is delayed speech development (21.6% ). 3) Most of the way of teaching in the class is man-to-man teaching system and group teaching system, and it is necessary to set the small room for individual education and the space for group according to the handicap condition. 4) In the use and requirements of the space, most of class want to set the classroom facing south at the first floor, and most of class have playroom, study and room to observe. The few special class use the room and space in common in a school. 5) The points to plan the special classroom are area, safety, disposition, silence, lighting, convenience and intimacy in order.

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SPACE CORRELATION ANALYSIS AS A METHOD OF MESH DATA ANALYSIS : Part3 On the applicability of the spatial influence function model

YOSHITSUGU AOKI

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 29-35
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_29

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The aim of this paper is to examine the applicability of the spatial influence model which has been theoretically proposed in the previous paper. At first, the criteria which measure the efficiency of the mathematical models on the urban planning are discussed and three measures are defined : 1) the correlation coefficient between the original data and the estimated values, 2) the number of parameters in the model, 3) Akaike's information criterion AIC. Nextly, the spatial influence function model (SIF) and the ordinary multi-regression model (MR) are adapted on the same mesh-data of the land use. The results show that SIF model is better than the MR model although MR is simple as compared with SIF. However the problem which is a variation of the multi-colinearlity is observed in the calculating process of the parameters of SIF model. These results show that SIF model is efficient on the estimation or prediction of mesh-data, however, it must be avoid to give any meaning on the values of estimated parameters from a view point of planning.

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ABOUT TENURE OF DWELLING MOUSES AND LANDS ON AGING AND THEIR LIVING ARRANGEMENT IN THE WOODEN APARTMENT AREA : Part3 Studies on the dwelling of aged people in built-up area

NOBUKO MATSUMOTO

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 36-44
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_36

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This paper is the third paper of a continual study titled above. In this paper, the dwelling circumstance of the aged in Higashi-ikebukuro area of Tokyo has been investigated as an example of the wooden apartment area. The summary of findings is this area are as follows : 1. About 72% of families who involve the aged have their own houses. Many of them live with young families. But the amount of them are not so many as compared with Yamanote area and Shitamachi area. 2. About 28% of the cases are tenants. 48.2% of tenants live in the wooden apartment. The amount of them are larger than the other areas. Few tenants live with the young family. The scope of this paper is to analyze the renewel bahavior of the aged who have their own houses and landlords, and the housing problems for tenants on the aged. Particularly, the grading of landlord influences dwelling environment and structures. For example, the ability to maintain and manage the apartment declines with lowering the grading. And houses are run down and the quality of environment deteriorates. On the other hand, dwelling condition on tenants is restricted for the ability to pay the rent. Therefore with declining the ability, the quality of dwelling condition deteriorates. Lastly the response on public service for revitalization in this area is commented.

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THE ACTUAL CONDITION OF THE "BUILDING AGREEMENT" AND THE VALUATION BY INHABITANTS AND DEVELOPERS

AKIKO TAKAHASHI

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 45-57
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_45

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In recent yeays, the interest in living environment has been rising among inhabitants. At the same time "building agreement"has come to be re-evaluated as the measure to protect the living environment. This paper take up the increasing case of "building agreement" and reports about their actual conditions in Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures and the valuation givin by inhabitants and developers. The purpose of this study is to provide a guide for the making good use of the "building agreement", from a point of view of serving the living environment. The investigation were conducted from 1982 to 1985. The major conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. The "building agreement" has some questions. The "building agreement" is, however, evaluated as a technique that maintains and keeps the environment intact in the residence area, and is regarded as effective. 1. The controls of building are uniform, and are not madein consideration of the special character in the districts concerned. 2. Because of the barrier of all members agreement, there are cases that cannot be concluded. The problem of all members agreement must be reconsidered. 3. The effects and means of the "building ageement" are not always by inhabitants. The written agreement must be written simply. 4. In order to keep the "building agreement", it is necessary to get steering committee's consent before they submit building applications and concert with administration.

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A STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT PROCESS OF THE POOR HOUSING DISTRICTS IN TOKYO-KU-AREA

KUNIO TAKAMIZAWA, MASANORI KOH

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 58-67
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_58

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A survey on the poor housing districts in Tokyo-ku-area was conducted six times between 1957 and 1975. It was found as a result that 464 districts need to be improved. Only 80 out of these, however, were improved by "slum clearance project". The purpose of this paper is to show how these 464 districts have changed so far on the basis of surveys on actual condition. The improvements of districts fall into the following six types : 1) The district that (was cleared and) turned into school districts or local parks, e.g. 2) The district that (was cleared and) turned into public housing complexes 3) The district that (was cleared and) turned into commercial districts for supermarkets, e.g. 4) The district where individual houses were rebuilt by their owners 5) The district where individual houses were repaired by their owners 6) The district where no improvement was done and that remained substandard : The percentage of these six types are 6.9, 19.8, 2. 6, 62.5, 7.5, 0.6, respectively. It can be said, therefore, that most of the districts were improved through rebuilding and repairing of indivdual houses. Althogh these houses were improved housing environments (environment around houses) started to have problems such as overcrowded dwelling, shortage of roads and parks. In short, poor housing distrcts turned into the poor housing environment area (the environment around poor houses).

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THE SPECIAL DISTRIBUTION PATERNS AND EICONAL CONDITION IN THE FARMHOUSE-PLAN BY A BOUNDARY AREA OF THE MORIOKA, SENDAI-CLAN : A study on the regional by a difference of the farmhouse-plan in latter Edo period and Meiji period by a territory of a Feudal-clan Part・4

MASAO AOKI, TOSHIAKI OOKA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 68-82
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_68

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the special distrbution paterns and rigonal condition in the farmhouse-plan by a boundary area of the MORIOKA, SENDAI-clan. The results are as follows ; 1. The MORIOKA, SENDAI-Clan had their own Particular type of favmhouse 2. The Boundary avea of a MORIOKA, SENDAI-Clan was mixed of particular type in a each clan 3. The Boundary area was in their geogrophical Positon of a flat, many traffic, and in terchage of a each Clan-farmer. The is one of the farctors that in fluence the fusin type and distrbution paterms of a Bundary area.

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STUDY ON THE RATIO OF RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY

SHINGO TAMAKI, HIROSHI SUZUKI, HIDEKI UCHIYAMA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 83-96
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_83

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This report has two purposes, one of which is to propose the concept of "the ratio of residential mobility", and the method of calculation for its ratio. The second is to examine the factors affecting the mechanism of residential mobility, that is, mainly the characters of the regions and the years of dwellings. The conclusions are as follows, 1) The ratios of mobility are varied among the regions, the tenures, and the years of dwellings. 2) In calculating the ratio of mobility, it is very important to consider the effect by the obsolescence in housing stock and the ratio of vacant houses. 3) The ratios of residential mobility are affected by the characters of regions. Generally speaking, the ratios in urban area (Densely Inhabited District) are higher than the ratios in rural area. However, its characteristics vary in housing tenures. In the owned housing, mobility ratio is higher in urban areas, but in all rented housing, especially, public housing, mobility ratios are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. 4) The ratios of mobility are affected by the years of dwellings. In privately rented housing, the older the years of dwellings become, the lower its mobility ratios are. However, in the owned housing, the older the years of dwellings become, its mobility ratios rised slowly. 5) In our study, the ratios of mobility are caluculated as follows, that is, the figures are 3% in owned housing, 17% in all rented housing, 8% in public housing, 19% in privately rented housing, 18% in issued housing.

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LE DEVELOPEMENT DES REPRESENTATIONS MASCULINES ET FEMININES DES ESPACES : Organisations des images spatiales dans le "Life cycle", 2^e partie

SHOZO SAKATO

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 97-105
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_97

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Dans le "sand-play construction", vine image du monde habite est representee naturellement. Son developpe ment a ete etudie sur des "sand-play constructions" realizes par environ 300 hommes et femmes, du jardin d'enfant a l'universite. Le developpement des representations du monde, ses changements, font apparaitre des elements constitutifs de celui-ci, leurs structures spatiales et leurs significations psycho-sociales. On a essaye de degager, par la comparaison avec les traveaux de E. H. Erikson, des principes spatiaux communs a I'humanite. De plus cela permet aussi de comprendre les specificites des espaces japonais. Ces experiences eclairent aussi des differences de representations spatiales entre les hommes et les femmes. Les tendances generales pour les hommes seraient : locomotion, intrusion, dehors, pluralisme : pour les femmes : habitant, inclusion, dedans, monisme.

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THE PLANNING OF THE JUPITER SANCTUARY AT BAALBEK : A Study of Roman Site Planning

JUKO ITO

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 106-118
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_106

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THE SOME CONSIDERATION ON THE SCATTERED "SHOHO SHIRO EZU" : THE MAPS OF CASTLE AND CASTLE TOWN COMPILED BY THE ORDER OF THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE, 1644 : OF AEZU, SENDAI AND TAKADA OF FORMER THE "MOMIJIYAMA BUNKO" : THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE LIBRARY, IN THE EDO CASTLE

KOUZOU YUASA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 119-128
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_119

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This paper is a study about the evidence of the "Shoho Shiro Ezu" of "Momiji Yama Bunko". The "Shoho Shiro Ezu" of "Momiji Yama Bunko" possess the Japanese numeral put in Vermilion color to the front map. The maps of Aizu, Sendai and Takada considered as the "Shoho Shiro Ezu" are concluded the scattered "Shoho Shiro Ezu" from the "Momiji Yama Bunko" based upon the Japanese numeral put in Vermilion color to the front map.

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THE MEANING OF LIGHT IN LOUIS I. KAHN'S THINKING

TADANAO MAEDA

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 129-139
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_129

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The language of Louis I. Kahn records the way of thought whereby he continuously looked for the "Beginnings of Architecture". The last stage of his thought can be epitomized by the thought of "Silence and Light". In this paper I explicate the ontological meaning of Light in this thought of "Silence and Light" by means of describing the way of thought in which the transcendent questions are implicated as the Odyssey of a life. I sketch preliminarily the primordial meaning of Beginning in which this thought of "Silence and Light" teleologically arrives. This task of a thematic analysis of correlation between Silence and Light is described in four chapters as follows : 1. meaning of Silence 2. meaning of Light 3. correlation between Silence and Light 4. the existential meaning of the threshold. The correlation of Silence and Light is described in three ways of thought as follow : a. the way of transcendence (light-silence-spent light) b. the way of reduction (material-shadow-light) c. crossing of two "movings" (Silence to Light, Light to Silence). The meaning of crossing of two "movings" is interpreted as the way of transcendence or the way of reduction. But, why must Kahn think of two "movings"? ie, the longest trace from Silence, the longest path toward Silence. Two "movings" can be explicated by means phenomenology of perception, the map of the visible and the map of the"I can". The enigma is that my body is simultaneously seer and is seen. The existential meaning of threshold, which is the meeting place of two "movings", is explicated in terms of intentional analysis in the meaning of Art and Shadow.

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THE STUDY ON THE TAKAGAMINE VILLA OF KATSURANO-MIYA HOUSEHOLD

KAZUO NISHI, ASAE ARAI

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 140-147
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_140

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The Katsura villa is very famous in Japan as one of the most excellent Sukiya architecture. It was the villa of Katsurano-miya Household. Katsurano-miya had four villas. One of them was ofcourse the Katsura villa. Other three of them were the Takagamine villa (Kita-ku, Kyoto City) , the Misasagi villa (Nishigyo-ku, Kyoto City) , the Kaiden villa (Nagaokakyo City). These three villas are now not in existence. This is the study on the Takagamine villa (Takagamine-oyashiki). The Takagamine villa was situated in Takagamine-dotenjo-cho, Kita-ku and Kinugasa-kagamiishi-cho, Kita-ku. There were five graceful and simple Chaya (small pavilion) , Getsuro, Kan-un, Machibito, Shunju, Kairaku.

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ON THE FORMATIVE PROBLEM IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE

JUN-ICHI SANO

Article type: Article
1987 Volume 377 Pages 148-155
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_148

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The purpose of this study is to reexamine the mechanism of design and the aesthetic principle from a viewpoint of effect-optical image of substance, and to construct the more comprehensive theory of design in Modern Architecture. In this paper, in order to clarify the basic problem of architectural design that Stability and Conveniency occasionally impair Beauty, I analized the change of designs in Mendelsohn's Schocken Department Store and the transition of sketches in Mies' Tugendhat House. As the result, there seems to be a mechanism. It is as follows. The changes of form caused by Stability and Conveniency bring another kind of optical image of substance into the facade and change the optical grouping of the elements in the facade. Under the mixed condition and the unstability of the grouping of the elements, consequently, a sense of disharmony and ambiguity are brought out, which therefore impair Beauty. So considering that forms in Modern Architecture intrinsically bring about many different kinds of optical image of substance, it seems that this mechanism is the basic formative problem in Modern Architecture.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 377 Pages App1-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_App1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 377 Pages Cover3-
Published: July 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.377.0_Cover3

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