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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1986
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1986
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1986
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Article type: Index
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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SHOICHI KAJIMA, MUNESHIGE NAGATOMO, SHINICHIRO KAN, KEI ANDOU, MASANOR ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
1-7
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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In this study the authors carried a series of actual investigation on indoor aural environment of guest rooms of several big city hotels and pursued an evaluation assessment of the results in comparison with the design goals specified in several guidelines such as N curves for room noise evaluation issued by AIJ, NC (Noise Criteria) curves by ASHRAE, PNC (Preferred Noise Criteria) curves by L. L. Beranek et al and RC (Room Criterion) curves newly recommended by ASHRAE. Following the concept regarding the quality of the background sound described in RC, in this article we propose a new design goal with consideration of masking effect for room meaningful noise and further we show a practical architectural design guide on the partition wall construction to meet more sophisticated hotel guests' requirements on the sound quality.
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YASUTO NAKAMURA, HISASHI HIRAOKA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
8-14
Published: September 30, 1986
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Daily variation of surface temperature and surface heat flux in an urban canyon of the two-dimensional rectangular cavity type with 16 meters width and height were calculated based on the typical condition of meteorological data in Tokyo in hot summer. The numerical analysis was carried out every one hour specifing solar radiation, wind velocity and direction at 10 meters over the roof of building, air temper-ature, and room temperature and underground temperature. Air flow in the cavity was calculated on the upper wind, convective heat transfer coefficient was estimated on the air flow, lastly surface temperature and surface heat flux were analyzed. The surface temperature is varied and arrives at high value not in the wall but in the ground, which is influenced by the convective heat transfer coefficient depending on wind velocity, and more severely changed by some kinds of ground materials. Asphalt of four kinds makes the ground surface ascend the highest temperature of 80℃, following to dry soil, concrete and wet soil. When wind direction is rectangular to the length of the building, the temperature rise is not so high as the case of parallel direction. Solar radiation and evaporation play a strong role in sur-face temperature rising, but long wave radiation, convection and conduction into the ground are not negligible. Effect of wet soil on deppressing of temperature ascent of ground surface is clear.
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JUNICHIRO SANUI, MASAO INUI
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
15-22
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Environmentel design can be taken as the cumulation of decision making. To make these decisions more successful and efficient, the goals of a design ought to be identified at each stage. We regard that the role of place evaluation research is to provide the knowledge of user's evaluation of a place for designers so that they can explore the optimum solution in a more systematic way. From the viewpoint of cognitive psychology, place evaluation can be taken as the degree to which a person sees a place as helping to achieve that person's goals on his/her cognitive system. Therefore, the goal of this research can be said as to provide a viable model of people's cognitive system associated with place evaluation. To achieve this goal, two requirements were set up. 1) The model should be of phenomenological knowledge of place evaluation, i.e. individual differences should not be disregarded. 2) The model should be a statistically condensed and tested representation of place evaluation. Based on G. A. Kelly's personal construct theory, the evaluation grid method was elaborated to satisfy the first requirement. In this paper, theoretical basis and implications of the method are discussed together with an example of the method applied on the living room evaluation.
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MASAO AOKI, CHOICHI SHINYA, HIROTOSHI SHINOHARA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
23-34
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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In this paper we studied the floor planning and structure of the Nagasaki Yojosho through "Project voor een Ziekenhuis" by Pompe, "Notes on Hospitals" by Nightingale, "Handleiding tot be kennis der Burgerlijkeen Militaire Bouwkunst" by Storm and as compared with the constructed buildings and studied the activities of medical examination and education by Pompe and the hospital operation after opening of the hospital. Conclusions are as follows : 1) The scale of Yojosho on the first stage was as large as Nightingale's ward, but the constructed buildings were not so large. 2) The ward planning of Yojosho started with balcony type. This was very differrent from Nightingale's ward. "Handleiding" was close to the Yojosho type. 3) We assumed that the pitch of wards of Yojosho was about 10 Ken or 18m by perspective drawing. 4) We assumed that the divisions of ward for men and women were not considered at first, finally they had been constructed while using. 5) The operation of Yojosho had a lot of difficulty with Japanese social position system and our life style, but Pompe helped them to promote this operation. Yojosho had a very large infuluence upon the early western style hospitals affiliated with medical schools in Japan.
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SOONJOO KANG, HIRO KAMBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
35-43
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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We consider that some constructive defects of a house should not be avoided in general, because many workers of various kinds of technical fields joint together to build a house. In Japan, dwellers has required the finish in a fine degree as well as the traditional and manual work level, though houses has been built by industrialized construction methods more or less at present. Then the claim for defects in the houses actually has become as one of the social problems. In this paper, We aim to make precisely real situations of defects in Japanese houses, relations between defects and some housing factors, and to find some rules with periodical variation of the appearance of defects. The following conclusions have been obtained as results : (1) The reliability of the dweller's answers about defects of his house is able to be confirmed in high degree by comparing the various estimates for defects by dwellers with inspectors. (2) Some relations are recognized between defects of houses and housing factors, i.e, that the appearance of defects is highest in the ready-built houses for sale and low housing costs, and it shows a tendency for prefabricated houses and apartment houses to decrese by moving into the latest year, which means the progress of industrialized construction methods. (3) A periodical variation and cumulative frequency distributions of the appearance of defects are divided into four patterns, so that they will be a basic index on the occasion of estimating defects qualitatively on a specific house (include a defective house).
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HITOMI KATO, YORIFUSA ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
44-54
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The examination of the reason why so narrow minimum width of street as 9 shaku (2.7 m) was legislated by the Urban Building Act in 1919 is the subject of this paper. Throughout long-term preparations of building ordinances in the Meiji era, The minimum standard of street and alley had been intended to legislated separately. The minimum width of "9 shaku" was the final and improved proposal for alley, but in the 1919 Act the difference of street and alley was ignored.
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MASAO AOKI, YASUHARU KAWANO, TOSHIRO KITAOKA, TAKASHI NAKASHIMA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
55-62
Published: September 30, 1986
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The purpose of this study is to make it clear what the public service standard and its indicators of the neighborhood-unit basic parks among the city-planned-parks in the residential district are. On this paper, we analized the meaning of the size of a city-planned-park per person which is generally adopted as the indicator of the state of public services. The results are summerized as follows ; 1. The size of a city-planned-park per person is not related to the state of public services of the neighborhood-unit basic parks (such as Infant Parks, Children Parks, Neighborhood Parks and District Parks). 2. The size of a city-planned-park per person is effective as the indicators of city parks excluding the neighborhood-unit basic parks. 3. As the public service standard of the neighborhood-unit basic parks, the number of parks per elementary school district or the number of parks per ten thousand people is more suitable than the size of a cityplanned-park per person.
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MASAKATSU MIKUNI, OSAMU NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
63-71
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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In area where newcomers and natives are highly mixed up we investigated the present state of utilization of meeting places and public halls by newcomers and natives. The meeting places in town-block association, consisting of mostly natives, are used for various activities of locality groups in town-block association. Since these groups are mainly composed of natives and few newcomers join them, it goes necessarily that the meeting places are utilized mainly by natives and most of the newcomers don't have contact with them. The meeting places in town-block association consisting of only newcomers are very often used by many functional groups such as various circles or children's private schools. Particular people belonging to such circles rather often use them, however, other habitants have rare contact with them. On the other hand, public halls have been enlarged in their size in response to the population increase and located as the central facilities. Lending halls holds high rate, which offers.place to many kinds of circles mainly composed of newcomers. The rate of holding events sponsored by public halls is comparatively low and those who join them are mostly natives, especially old people. Both institutions don't work effectively enough as a place of association for newcomers and natives. It is necessary to realize public institutions which have middle feature between meeting places in town-block association and public halls as the central facilities.
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MITSUTOSHI KURETANI
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
72-79
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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L'oeuvre architecturale etait un "etre poetique". Nous cherchons cet "etre" dans la "Stimmung". C'est-a-dire, c'est de la Stimmung que l'oeuvre vraie constitue un "etre poetique". De sorte que la difference entre les deux pierres, celle des Grecs et celle des Gothiques, comme W. Worringer l'a indique dans son ecrit "Formprobleme der Gotik", explique meme leur representations physionomiques des Statues. A savoir, les Statues Grecques represented un "corps superbe", par centre, celles de Gothique y expriment plutot une "expression du sentiment". Dans cet article, d'une part, etant fonde sur la pensee philosophique par M. Heidegger, Interpretation de l'"etre" se cherche cette Stimmung a la base. D'autre part, l'Anschaulicher Charakter" de H. Sedlmayr n'est pas autre chose que la physionomie de l'oeuvre d'Art. Enfin, nous trouvons, dans la physionomie, les donnees de la "Stimmung". Ainsi, une physionomie se charge en soi-meme du "pan-etre" de l'espace architectural. C'est la qu'on puisse s'assurer de l'oeuvre architecturale destinee a l'etre humain comme l'etre originel. Nous voyons cette preuve dans les interpretations des oeuvres litteraires, "The Castle of Otranto" de H. Walpole et "Notre-Dame de Paris" de V. Hugo. A savoir, le roman de "The Castle of Otranto" se trouve un "etre" de l'esprit Gothique, dormant au fond de la psychologie profonde de H. Walpole. Le "Notre-Dame de Paris" etait un grand roman. Car, V. Hugo y interprete l'esprit de l'oeuvre Gothique meme en l'etre humain en soi. Voici done une question a la physionomie de "Le Modulor" chez Le Corbusier.
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SHOZO SAKATO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
80-90
Published: September 30, 1986
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In the basic study of the organizations of architectual spaces, we study the development of spatial representations and their meanings through the life cycle in sand-play therapy. In sand-play therapy, it is interresting to note that the children who have some neurotic ploblems are cured through the experience of creation and expression in sand-play. In this paper, some series of sand-play constructions by children in each developmental stage are studied with the theory of ontogeny of the ritualization in everyday life by E. H. Erikson. And also the structure and function of creation and expression proper are analized. We study developmental stages from infancy to school age in part 1, from adolescence to adulthood in part 4. The first clinical example is of a little girl of 5 years. In the process of her recovery from delay of development, we see a myth of the creation of earth and sky in the series of her sand-play constructions. In the second example, a girl of mutism in the third grade, the growth of her psycho-social teritory is reflected in her extention of bounds within the sand-box, and the configuration of Mandala appears as the turning point. In the third example, a boy in the fifth grade creates a new shared world image to be lived. It shows one of the bacic aspects of creation and expression. In addition, the spaces of ritualizations as the places of everyday life are considered.
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KUNIKAZU UENO
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
91-97
Published: September 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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There are many old documents of old Takayama in The Takayama local museum. "NEGAIGAKAIDOME" is one of old documents and gatherd copies that people reported many things officialy to the office through the boss of merchants. "NEGAIGAKIDOME" remained from 1827 to 1872. I choice reports on the building activity from 1827 to 1844 and analysis them. 1. There are four types building, a. merchants house b. rentedhouses c. storehouse d. other 2. There are four types on buikding activities, a. new building b. remaining c. adding building d. changing building 3. I report the size of merchant house, rentedhouse and storehouse and introduce some special building. 4. I notice that the official report needed the approval of neighbours, the head of the neighboirhood group, and the seller of timbers.
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TATUO OKAJIMA, KATSUHIKO WATANABE, KATSUHISA NODA, SHIGERU WAKAYAMA, A ...
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
98-107
Published: September 30, 1986
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The characteristics of the Japanese traditional architecture were discussed by the image of the space and the perceptive characteristics of the constituent members. The image of gorgeousness or calmness comes mainly from the constituent members of which surfaces focused by their texture and by the color, and the image of hardness or softness mainly from constituent members which form characterized by their shapes. Even in the view form a short distance, the same tendency was found.
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NOBUYUKI OGURA
Article type: Article
1986 Volume 367 Pages
108-115
Published: September 30, 1986
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Article type: Appendix
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1986
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 367 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1986
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