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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Tetsumi HORIKOSHI, Yotaro KOBAYASHI, Tadahiro TSUCHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
1-6
Published: February 28, 1991
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The following transition of the globe thermometer was clarified. A large ball made by Aitken was an archetype of a globe thermometer and originated in Leslie's sphere filled with warm water. Vernon finished the globe thermometer from the aspect of hardware and its application. Final completion was carried by Bedford and Warner. They gave a theoretical background to the instrument.
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Katsuki YOKOYAMA, Takashi TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
7-15
Published: February 28, 1991
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The aim of this thesis is to clarify the function of "drawings" in architectural planning. The author conducted an experiment in which the subjects were asked to imagine a real house from its plan. The paper argues that the coincidence of the elements of the drawing and the building in both the ordinal relations and the inclusion relations plays a major role when people identify a drawing as a real building.
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Yukihiro FUJITANI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
17-23
Published: February 28, 1991
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This papers reports the characteristic of the loan flow in a public libraries' network of metropolis-Tokyo (Ootaku), Nagoya, Kobe. The flow is drawn by smoothing lines that are computed by Iterated Moving Average Method. The data computed is the number of loan summed up each month in the term of 1968〜1985. The flow, especially of children loan, shows to concentrate the fixed level in the long term (approximately above 10 years), although it moves variously in 2〜3 years.
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Hirozo UNO, Fujio ADACHI, Jiro MAJIMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
25-30
Published: February 28, 1991
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A detached house in Hokkaido has a relatively large living room and several private rooms in most cases, and it has a little floor space except for those rooms. Meanwhile detached house residents carry out manifold and-active daily activities such as drying clothes, handcrafting or light exercise in their houses particulary in winter. But many houses only provide a little suitable floor space for these daily activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate actual conditions of these daily activities and rooms where such activities are acted, and to propose the forms and functions of the suitable spaces for them. We obtained the following results from this investigation ; 1. It is indispensable to provide a space for active daily activities in winter. 2. It is especially indispensable to provide a space for drying clothes and handcrafting as working activities. 3. It is a living room that many residents appraise low as a space for many sorts of daily activities. 4. A dirt-floored room seems a useful space for working activities because many daily working activities are done on an unfloored part in entrance under actual circumstances.
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Sangug SIM
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
31-39
Published: February 28, 1991
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We investigated the relation between the structure of land use and topography at great area through the exemination of land use and topography data by mesh. We categorized land use by ten, and took topography by height and undulation. The results are as follows : 1. The correlation between land use category and topographical condition in mesh can be categorized in three type, positive, negative and no relation. 2. The topographical conditions have negative correlation with the used-unused mixing of land use. 3. The topographical condition of the usable areas are different from unusable, but there is no difference between urban and agricultural zones.
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Shinya KATAGATA, Iwao SIBATA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
41-48
Published: February 28, 1991
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The Nishijin area, located to the northwest of Kyoto City, is the biggest producing area of textile in Japan, having characterized the urban structure by forming dwelling areas on mixed land-use. In recent years, the decrease of producing and living spaces corelating each has been caused by a change of the complex due to discontinuance of small industrial activities. Under these present circumstances, this study aims to make clear a spacial transformation of textile manufacturer's house and its principles, and tries to offer some proposals to future types of houses in the Nishijin area. A textile manufacturer's house can be divided into three kinds of space; space for buisiness, producing and living. These make five variation types consisted of the corelating patterns. Principles of their spacial transformation can be explained through pattern variation. Their movements are understood as a chain of transformation with an emphasis on buisiness space. Accordingly, themes of planning for textile manufacturer's buildings are luled by pattern variation. Manufacturer's demands to unite spaces in order to make desirable spacial combinations appear in a series of change. A main planning subject is to realize these demands in future change.
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Motohiro KAMATA, Hiroshi DOHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
49-56
Published: February 28, 1991
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In this paper, we intend to make clear the planning method of dwelling environment and community in rurban villages. For that purpose we pay attention to the "Form of village" as the index to evaluate the total condition of physical setting of space in the rurban villages. Secondly we examine about the condision of accepting side of new-inhabitants by the integrated indexes of "social character" and "Form of village". As the result, 4 prototypes are abstracted. And each types chose different planning method which are indicated by 2 indexes ("community type" and "Form of new-residence").
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Masashi YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
57-64
Published: February 28, 1991
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This paper analizes the discontented consiousness and the intention to use land, the distributions of them, and the attributes of thier owners in rural settlements from the view point of the formation of domains for land use and land ownership. This study confirms the following : 1. The distributions differ in diffrent consiousness or diffrent intention to use land. The discontented consiousness to use land is related with the zone which the change of land use or the debt and credit of farmland appeared. And there are some intentions of acquiring house lots in central and middle zone in area or maintaining land use with no discontent in outskirts of area. 2. The correspondence of the distributions which reflecting the consiousness and the intention to use land with the attributes of thier owners exists. There are some relations between the intention of acquiring house lots in central zone of area with new moved nonfarmers which have diminutive house lots or between the intention of acquiring farmland with farmers which manage positively in outskirts of area, and others. 3. The correspondence of the distributions which reflecting the consiousness and the intention to use land with the formation of domains for land use and land ownership exists, too. For example, farmland shifted utilization of land to house use in central zone of area, farmland for debt and credit in border of the settlement, a group of diminutive lots for house or farm, a gathering and dispersion of land ownership by farmer, and others are related with the discontented consiousness and the intention to use land.
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Hidekazu SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
65-70
Published: February 28, 1991
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In this third paper about Quatremere de Quincy's treatise on the architectural beauty, I treat of the question whether the architectural beauty belongs to the absolute beauty or the relative beauty. Unlike Diderot, Quatremere de Quincy thinks that the relative beauty is more difficult to grasp than the absolute beauty, because the former is concerned with the highest faculty "Gout" of the human soul. In conclusion, I guess that the reason of the disapperance of the article "Beau" in the "Dictionnaire historique d'architecture (1832)" is due to this superiority of the relative beauty founded on his Romantic thought.
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Ryuichi ITO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
71-81
Published: February 28, 1991
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The Tokugawa Shyogunate constructed buildings richly decorated with carves, and temples and shrines in the Kanto district also often had carves. In many cases, the carvers engaged in constructing the buildings of the Tokugawa Shogunate. This study deals with the carvers who belonged to the Tokugawa Shogunate and who lived in the Kanto district by analizing the materials concerning the construction. The major clarified factors are written as following. "Tyoko-Hidarisi-Gotosi-seikeizu" is a genealogy of the carvers who lived in the Kanto district. The most of the part in this genealogy have authentic matters. The greater part of carvers who lived in the Kanto district were the apprentices of the Takamatsu. These apprentices were engaged in the construction belonging to the Tokugawa Shogunate.
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Yasuhiko NISHIGAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
83-93
Published: February 28, 1991
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In this report we discuss about the meaning of dwelling topo-logically through Yi T' oegye's "陶山十二曲 (twelve poems on Dosan)". In the first half of these poems, T' oegye's calm life in his hermitage is described. His house was set between a mountain and a river, and his life in this place was united with nature. The last poem of the first half includes two inportant phrase of "鳶飛魚躍 (A kite is flying in the sky and fishes are jumping in the river)" and "雲影天光 (Shadow of clouds and the light of the sky are wandering together)". From the former phrase we can understand that T' oegye's way of life was united with Heaven, and everything was able to take place in its own way of being at the place where he lived. In the latter phrase of "雲影天光", T'oegye talked about the importance of thinking to dwell between a mountain and a river in its true meaning. That thinking to dwell must be a search for the origin of all phenomena. And T'oegye showed that thinking will be realized by "観書 (Reading books)" in the way of "俟 (wait)". To dwell between a mountain and a river is completely subjective conduct, but at the same time it was regarded as the conduct without intention. In the last hall of "陶山十二曲", Yi T'oegye shows that man must intend to act without intention to dwell between a mountain and a river. A mountain exists and a river flows without intention, so man must follow those natural things to dwell. We understand the following facts from "陶山十二曲". By dwelling between a mountain and a river, man can realize himself and open the stage of "道(Tao)". This stage of "道" is absolute and transcendental but immanent.
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Nobuyuki KAWAKAMI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
95-104
Published: February 28, 1991
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In this paper, a study has been performed on the ways to collect funds necessary for constructions and repairs of the minor temples and shrines in late 18th century, such as Kasuga-jinja, Mitake-jinja and Myoukou-in in Musashi-koku Tama-gouri, as described in Nanushi Yoshino's records. The constructions and repairs of temples and shrines seem to had required assistances from neighboring villages. However, concerning the above examples, when studied in detail, it is revealed that Nanushi and his followers had procured all the necessary costs by organizing the properties managed by the village, and the funds and labors offerred by the villagers.
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Mitsutoshi KURETANI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 420 Pages
105-113
Published: February 28, 1991
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In this paper, we deal with Le Corbusier's late paintings. I have given out some theses on his still lives ranging from 1918 to the 1920s and his paintings of human figure in the 1930s in this journal No.346, 353 and 407. However, in the same manner, we have a difficulty to explain his mythological paintings which begin in the 1940s. As a clue to elucide the meaning of these paintings, we watch the sketch in 1946 which notes Mallarme's verse. In a word, this picture expresses symbolically the unity of dualism. The existence of symbolism in him becomes clear. From this point of view, a series of "Icone" in his late work shows his mental make-up for the artistic creation.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 420 Pages
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