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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Fusao HASEGAWA, Muneshige NAGATOMO, Hiroshi YOSHINO, Shin-ichi MATSUMO ...
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
1-10
Published: May 30, 1992
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In order to obtain the fundamental data on the thermal performance of semi-underground house, long-term field measurement of heating load was made using the twin-type test house constructed on the campus of Tohoku University in Sendai from January 11, 1988 to November 26, 1989, as well as computer simulation using two-dimensional finite element method. The indoor air temperatures of the test rooms were controled not to be lower than 20℃ by space heating. Main findings are summarized as follows : 1. Heating load through one heating season was about 1. 4 Gcal/season. 2. A horizontal insulation in the earth around the semi-underground room reduced about 10 % of heating load.
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Satoshi TOGARI, Yoshinobu ARAI, Katsuhiro MIURA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
11-21
Published: May 30, 1992
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In the previous paper, the authors reported on a simplified model for predicting a vertical temperature distribution in a large space. This paper presents a mathematical model for the unsteady state heat analysis of a large space, which includes the prediction of vertical air temperature distribution. Calculated results are compared to experimental results. The investigation described within this paper reveals that ; -this model has a practically enough prediction accuracy in both case of heating/cooling and natural convection conditions. -concering heat flow to and from wall surface, it is important to calculate conductive heat transfer and radiative heat transfer seperately.
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Akira TAKAKUSAGI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
23-31
Published: May 30, 1992
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The purpose of this study is to obtain a theoretical method to evaluate the renewal plan of an air-conditioning system or element thereof. Presented herein is a method to estimate the probable renewal time of air-conditioning system elements through the use of probability density functions' mathematical models. These models enable the economical evaluation of two types of decisions ; 1) whether or not to renew one element of an air-conditioning system at a certain point in time, and 2) whether to renew the whole air-conditioning systems' configuration or maintain the existing air-conditioning system under its current configuration.
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Mitsuru SENDA, Tsutomu YATA, Syonosuke OZEKI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
33-40
Published: May 30, 1992
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This study submits a hypothesis that the psychologically appropriate distance exists between houses, and tests it through a questionnaire answered by residents in three residential areas in the Nagoya region. Psychologically appropriate distance, desirable as a minimum standard at approximately eight meters, may be reduced by twenty to thirty per cent with the employment of vegetation. Roads and neighborhood communication produce limitted effects on the psychological distance. A tentative standard of three meters is proposed for the planning and design of high-density areas difficult to achieve the desirable standard.
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Hirokuni TANIGUCHI, Fumihito MIYAMOTO, Hiroshi HARA, Hideki ISHII
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
41-50
Published: May 30, 1992
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the current estimated quantities of school buildings and to make the models predicting the approximate quantities at design development stage. Several models were made using simple regression analysis, in which independent variables were total floor areas, dimensions, and numbers about component of skeleton of school buildings, and dependent variables were estimated quantities of concrete, form, and reinforcement. All models were found good by assessing correlation coefficient. In the consequence of comparing models, the models predicting the amount of concrete per component were better than the model using total floor areas.
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Kaname YANAGISAWA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
51-58
Published: May 30, 1992
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This study investigated the effects of physical settings on children's behavior at the elementary school level. Of special interest was the open plan configuration. Also examined, several important patterns of relations between physical settings and behavior used as means of evaluating schools. The results show that : 1. Children use some physical settings such as steps, handrails, etc. in different ways from adults. 2. Columns, posts, floor tiles, other primary physical elements in the immediate setting, can define assumed boundaries for children's behavior. 3. There are various kinds of territories created by children, such as the place to gather, to escape in, to observe others, etc. The results are supportive of interactional theory of environment-behavior relations.
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Akihiro KUSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
59-68
Published: May 30, 1992
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We investigated a trend of housing land development from view of the large scale development and the conversion of agricaltural land, and land owner's intention in the suburb of Yokohama. The results are as follows : 1. The pressure of development causes the land use confusion, like a dotty building land in farm lands. 2. The form of large scale development varies with its undertaker, and characterized by its location and condition and progress of the development. 3. Each diversion of agricultural land confuses the land use. And the land, its use unfixed, is increasing. 4. Land owner's intention is decied by his condition of agricultural management.
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Kunio TAKAMIZAWA, Yasuo HIBATA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
69-75
Published: May 30, 1992
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Ten years have been over since the enforcement of the 1980 District Planning System. The authors carried out a survey to the city planning director of some 100 municipalities which had been legally established the plan by the end of the fiscal 1987. The principal items of this survey are : the type of each plan, problems in gainning the residents' agreement, validity of the Notification-and-Advice System, validity of the Building Standard By-Law, execution of district facilities and problems in applying process with the District Planning System. Finaly some comments are made concerning improvement of this system.
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Hiroyuki NIWA
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
77-86
Published: May 30, 1992
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In this paper I studied about main architectures and the plan of the compound of IIDAKA "Danrin" (school of priest) that were done founded in modern ages. As a result, it became clear that the plan of the compound is resembling in an area of "Honin" (staple temple) which is the re- sidence space of a priest in the head temple and that the pecking order of a rank is esteemed. Furthermore, I elucidated the following points. As for the auditorium where is the central architecture of "Danrin", its plane structure is resembling a function of a "Hohjyo" in the head temple. And the plane structure of both a teacher's dormitory and a learning dormitory of each valley is resembling a building of branch temples in the head temple.
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Nobuyuki KAWAKAMI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
87-95
Published: May 30, 1992
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In Tama-gouri, construction and repair works of small temples and shrines in the villages were handed from the small number of exclusive leaders including nanushi to the village in the end of the 17th century through the middle of the 18th century. At the same time, the position of Nanushi turned into Sewanin from a patron. Nanushi supervised overall constructions and repairs from the stand point of both as a constructor and a client.
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Shin-ichi NISHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
97-107
Published: May 30, 1992
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Concerning the painted ceiling fragments which must have belonged to the nave of the Great Columned Hall (lettered "Room H" by Tytus) of the main palace at Malkata, the quadruple spiral pattern is clearly visible beneath the depicted vultures. Judging from the traces seen typically on the fragments A-K in Fig. 2 (seen in photographs 1-9), it is proved that at first the ceiling of the nave was painted with a quadruple spiral pattern (phase I, Fig. 3), and subsequently the repainting must have been done (phase n, Fig. 4). The connection between the change of the ceiling painting and the sed-iestival might be pointed out.
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Juko ITO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
109-118
Published: May 30, 1992
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Modern architects prepare drawings before the construction begins. But we are not quite sure whether ancient architects made scale drawings in a same way as modern architects do, mostly because we have only scanty evidences of the ancient architectural drawings. Recently some interesting construction drawings, which were incised on the walls and floors of some buildings, were discovered. Most of them are drawn in full scale for the detail design of the buildings as work drawings. In the present paper the author discusses the characteristics of these drawings so far discovered, to cast the light on the design process of ancient architecture.
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Hidekazu SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
119-125
Published: May 30, 1992
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In this second paper about C.-N. Ledoux's "L'Architecture consideree sous le rapport de l'art, des moeurs et de la legislation", I discuss the problem that lies in the relation between Ledoux's plates and his figurative text, with introducing the reviews written in Ledoux's day and the contemporary researchers' articles.
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Shozo SAKATO
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
127-136
Published: May 30, 1992
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Fundamental characteristics of the spatial images in the sand-play constructions by males and females are investigated from the view point of primatology and ecological anthropology. To compare these characteristics with those of the sphere in Bushmen's everyday life of the two sexes, we find interesting coincidences. At the same time we can trace them back to their biological origins. In such way, we search for an outline of the spatial archetypes common to the human race.
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Keizou MIZUNO, Satoshi TANAKA, Yuji HASEMI
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 435 Pages
137-145
Published: May 30, 1992
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An experimental study on force-ventilated fires was made using 50 cm cubic model box with methanol as the fuel. From the experimental results, it was found that carbon monoxide generation becomes significant for stoichiometric fuel to air ratio greater than 1.0. The rate of fuel vaporization, the major factor governing the stoichiometric ratio, is found to be determined by heat flux to the fuel surface. Combustion characteristics within a force-ventilated enclosure are influenced by ventilation conditions. Inlet conditions are more influential than outlet conditions. For modeling the combustion characteristics and heat balance, the interdependency of these two factors must be taken into account.
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 435 Pages
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