The thermal environment in a cavity space between two buildings, called an urban canyon, should be analyzed as a unit of urban thermal environment. The field observation about thermal environment was carried out in the residential site which consists of 5 storied apartment buildings. Global solar radiation and wind speed were measured above the roof of the windward buildings as the reference data. Air temperature, globe temperature and wind speed were measured at 4 points in an urban canyon. The reference wind speed and the wind speed in the urban canyon are simulated by wind tunnel tests using a similar model scaled 1/300. The solar heat grain on the wall and on the ground surface in the urban canyon are calculated from the reference global solar radiation data, considering mutual reflection in the urban canyon. Globe temperature in the urban canyon are calculated from the estimated data mentioned above. These calculated values are corresponding with the measured ones.

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In this paper we describe a wind tunnel invesitigation on the wall wind pressure on a tall model surface in a simulated atomospheric boundary layer. The influence of a low model placed upwind of the tall model was discussed in first paper. This time we plan to discuss the influences of the low models placed around the tall model shown in Fie. 3. Measurements are made of the influence of the height of the low models and distance of models. The results are expressed in the form of coefficient of wall wind pressure, normalized by means of dynamic pressure of free stream, and reduction ratio, normalized by means of wall wind pressure on surface of isolated model. The summary of the results is shown below. 1) The influences of the low models get bigger as the height of the low models get higher. 2) The influences of the low models get smaller as the distance of models get wider. 3) The maximum value of reduction ratio appears for value of d/h = 0.4〜1.5.

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Mixing flow condition in regenerative water vessel of open circuit type which is included in air conditioning system must give the effect also to energy consumption by equipments of the system. The analytcal method for behavior and energy comsumption of equipments is presented and a simulation program was made. A standard model of air conditioning system including a regenerative water vessel is set and on three cases of the model, in which each combination of perfect mixing flow and piston flow in the vessel is different, equipment behaviour and energy comsumption are simulated by the program. From the results, running time of heat source machine and energy comsumption are compared for the effect by flow condition type. At the same time, the quantitative effect to energy comsumption by heat loss from the vessel is made clear.

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The purpose of this study is to review the previous study on the characters of establishment of the rehabilitation department in general hospitals wihch have varied types. By the classification of the rehavilitation functions, i. e. therapies, therapists, exclusive space and the states of patients, we aimed to seize a guiding principles of gradational consolidation of rehabilitation facilities. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) The enforcement conditions of the rehabilitation facilities are analyzed against as whole general hospitals sited in Tohoku District. 2) The varied types of rehabilitation facilities had been classified by the quantificaition analysis. As the results, we could regulate into 4 standard types such as "Fundamental-Physical-Theraphy" type, "Occupational-Theraphy-Leading" type, "Substantial-Physical-Therapy" type and "Synthesized-Therapy" type. And 4 standard types in each of the staffs and rooms had been seized from the items concerned with the constitution of each therapists and spaces. 3) The characteristic of rehabilitation facilities to be dued to the rehabilitation inpatient's conditions, such as "the bed-occupancy-ratio between rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation", "the ratio between inpatients and outpatients" and "the ratio of each caused disease" had been analyzed. 4) As the results of the confrontation among upper contents, We considerated about the framework of establishment of rehabilitation facilties in general hospitals.

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Dieser Aufsatz befaβt sich als Fortsetzung der beiden vorhergehenden Berichte mit der grundsatzlichen Denkweise uber Buhnenplanung der Opernauffuhrung anhand konkrete Beispiele in der Deutschen Oper Berlin. Fur die jeden Tag wechselnden Repertoire-Werke wird auf der Buhne diese Arbeit, Aufbau/Vorbereitung-Auffuhrung-Abbau-Lagerung immer wiederholt. Ferner wird fur Proben der Neuinszenierung am Tage bei gleichem Buhnenbetrieb in zwei Schichten gearbeitet, und sie sich bis zur Premiere so entwickelt wie die verschiedene Szene aufgestockt werden. Diese Anwendungsweise der Buhne ist fur das Opernhaus mit Repertoire-System sehrublich und jedes Inszenierungswerk durchlauft einen solchen Entstehungsprozeβ um dann ein Repertoire- Werke zu werden. Im vorletzten Aufsatz wurden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Buhnendekorationsmaβe jeder Szene der inszenierten Werke in Bezugnahme auf die Maβe der Portaloffnung und der Dekorationsflache die Maβe der Hauptbuhnenflache beschrieben. Im letzten Bericht wurde die Anwendungsweise des Buhnenwagens, der Versenkungen und der Drehscheiben fur die Konstruktion der Buhnendekoration und Btihnenwechsel analysiert, und danach wurde die grundsatzliche Denkweise uber Nebenbunenflache und Buhnenwechselsystem dargestellt. In diesem Aufsatz wird zussatzlich der tagliche Buhnenbetrieb in Bezug auf die kontinuierliche Auffuhrung, den Probeplan und die Buhnendekortion erortert. Der Inhalt jeder Stufe wird nicht unabhangig gesehen, sondern unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Buhnenbetriebes in Zusammenhang mit dem Spielplan als kontinuierliche Einheit betrachtet. Daraus ergeben sich folgende Punkte; (1) Der Sinn der Buhne als Proberaum die vorzussweise fur den neuinszenierten Probenprozeβ benutzt werden kann, die Situation der Darstellung der Dekorationsteile fur die Auffuhrung u. a., und daβ eine ausreichende Probebuhne notig ist, die mit der Buhne gut verbunden ist, (2) Sicherheitsmaβnahme und Rationalitatsmaβnahmen bei der Buhnenarbeit werden berucksichtigt, Einhalten von Distanzen zwischen dem Buhnenwagen und der Wand, (3) Beibehalten der Hilfsbuhnenflache an die Buhne grenzend zwecks der provisorischen Aufbewahrung der Kulissen und ihrer Vorbereitung mindern die praktische Arbeit des Buhnenbetriebs, und diese bringt schlieβlich die Flexibilitat des Spiel-und Probeplans auf der Buhne. Als Schluβfolgerung der bisherigen Aufsatze wird folgendes deutlich gemacht; Bei der Buhne mit Repertoire-System spielt nicht nur die Hauptbuhne, die der Mittelpunkt im Spielraum ist, sondern auch die Nebenbuhne einschlieβlich des installierten Buhnenwagen-Systems fur den Szenenwechsel eine sehr groβe Rolle. Der Sinn der Hilfszonen auf der Buhne wird geklart, wodurch auch die Maβe und Struktur der ganzen Buhnenflache verstandlich werden

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A detached house in Hokkaido has a relatively large living room as commonly used space for a family. The detached house residents do manifold and active daily activities for example receiving guests, drying clothes or handcrafting in the room, and it causes the confusion of living style in commonly used space. The purpose of this paper is to propose the forms and functions of the commonly used space by analyzing the existing forms of commonly used space and living styles in the space. This paper discusses the following problems; 1. The forms of commonly used space. 2. Daily activities in a living room as commonly used space. 3.The residents' appraisement and opinions about their living rooms. 4. Forms and uses of Renzoku-sitsu. (The Renzoku-sitsu means the room that has access to a living room. )

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In this study, we resarched the changing situation of the housing and environment on the small-site houses areas. The small site houses area is defined that more than a half numbers of all houses in the range of there are small site houses, whose site area is less than 100 square meters per unit. These areas mostly have been developed during from 1920 to 1945, while heavy industrial factories have been located on Nagoya city. And many workers and their families have come to live in small site houses on these areas. But in this study, we found that in these areas, housing rebuilding potential of the living peoples have been declining since near upon 1980. We concluded that these affairs caused by following reasons, (1) The factories around there scattered and relocated to suburban areas, and workers who laboured in these factories moved out to suburban areas, too. (2) Many peoples living in small site areas have aged, and their sons and daughters have left their home, and will not come back to live there. (3) Aged families, the number of them are increasing day by day, have not so much income or saves that they cannot but giving up to improve their houses. (4) The each site areas are so small that any landlords and privite enterprises would not have intentions to implement redevelopment action on these areas. This study came to conclusion that they are useful for renewal of these areas, such planning methods as to repair old houses for aged families and to supply new houses for return of young families.

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What calls for the court? How does the concept of the court emerge in Kahn's way of thinking, a way which is "the reaching out" for the beginning of architecture? This concept of the court is the powerful leading element in his works. He left us many words on the court made in the course of his form-making process. He spoke about the court as found in a school of architecture and in a boy's club. Those buildings are "the institutions of learning", that is "the school". The task of this paper is thus to make a thematic analysis of the meaning of the court by means of describing the beginning of "the school". It will be analyzed in three chapters as follows: 1. The beginning of "the school" 1-a. The inspiration to learn 1-b. The room as the beginning of the school 2. The meaning of the court 2-a. The primitiveness of the court 2-b. The remote association 3. The meaning of the gateway His story about the beginning of the school, which starts with "a man under a tree" is the primordial world invented by him. This living world is the beginning of architecture, for to learn is to live. He said "all of learning stems from a desire to recall how we were made". He described the primitiveness of the court in the school of architecture ; "there is something that has to do with the feeling of association which is remote, rather than direct, and the remote association has a longer life and love". This is the ontological-transcendental meaning of the court. The gateway is the transition between the inside and the outside, the inside means the sanctuary, that is the court. Kahn's way of thinking indicates a criticism of modern way of thinking.

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This paper presents the result of a study made of the posts and organizations for construction and building in the Zen temples mainly with respect to their names and activities appearing in the archives concerned with the construction and building. As the result, the following is known. (1) The posts concerned with the construction and building in the Zen temples include that called SHISSUI which is responsible for repairing and that called SHUZOSHI which is responsible for construction and building. (2) The term SHUZOKYOKU is not generally used as a term expressing the organization for construction and building in the medieval age. (3) SHUZOSHI is already present in the middle of the 13 th century, and in the late 14 th century, its activities cease to continue. SHUZOSHI participates in construction and reconstruction of cathedrals. (4) The construction and building organization of a Zen temple is called ZOEIKATA or SHUZOKATA,and these are already present in the middle of the 14 th century. With establishment of SHUZOKATA, SHUZOSHI is included in the organizationas a component, and in and after the middle of the 15 th century. SHUZOSHI-RYO is installed. (5) As the main activities of ZOEIKATA, there may be listed the administration of manors, acquisition of the expense and material timber of construction and building, storage and management of SONSHIKI and SASHIZU, and provision of galleries.

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In two previous articles, principles of interior architectural composition were clarified with regard to centralized ecclesiastical buildings in the early Christian period. Such buildings, in so far as their specific character of composition is distinguishable from the architecture of the previous period, appear as autonomous compositions. The present article compares these early Christian buildings in terms of their interiors, with other types of centralized building in the late Roman period and with contemporary written descriptions. In the Roman period, three structural modes of composition prevailed in architecture : the trabeated system which seems to have had the support of Vitruvius; the load-bearing-enclosure system which is generally evinced in the remains of centralized building; the trabeated- and load-bearing-enclosure system which is found in scaenae frons and the triumphal arch. These three modes could be said to apply two architectural "ideas", independently or combined, in any given case. One concept is linear in application and the other necessarily represents a surface assemblage in the elevation. These two ideas also suggest a fundamental difference between architectural compositions of the Roman Republic and those of the later Roman period. Although these systems are easily recognized in the buildings dealt with in my two previous articles, data required a further distinction within the trabeated system in the second article. Therefore, in the present article, the so-called traditional (Roman) trabeated system is once again resolved into "pure" trabeated and "mixed" trabeated systems in the main space of the ekklhsia. While the former exhibits ranges columns, restricted to the lower portion of the interior elevation, the latter yields columns as well as layered pillars on the interior elevation. The former is, furthermore, presumably derived from non-Christian Roman centralized examples since the upper part of the elevation was merely left as a blank wall. That is, based on ecclesiastical requirements, the wall of the lower portion of the elevation is replaced by columns to facilitate circulation between a main space (nave) and an aisle. Thus, the columns of this lower register assume the role of a screen between two domains, over and above the linear system upon which formal arrangement is based. The composition of the mixed-trabeated system utilizes layered pillars finished in marble as a metamorphose wall visually supporting the dome, at the same time that columns on each floor function as a screen in the above-mentioned fashion. Therefore, with regard to employment of column and wall in the mixed trabeated system, the usual "idea" of Roman architecture is depicted in a kind of reversal from the standpoint of the subject, although the formal arrangement of column and wall is derived from previous architectural examples as measured from the standpoint of the builder's intentions. Moreover, these first ekklhsiai were constructucted in the last part of the early Christian period. This means that visual contemplation is detached from physical composition in terms of the interior elevation, a process which might well have accorded with Vitruvian principle. Table-6 shows a schema of the logical development of the centralized ecclesiastical interiors in the early Christian period. In spite of the divergence between two architectural "ideas" as realized in composition, buildings from the early Christian period generally examined here show a similar attention to and treatment of surface. In all cases, the surface materials are brilliant and colorful in effect. Indeed, this new type of surface, although partially descended from Roman precedent, must be cited as a specific characteristic of the centralized ecclesiastical interior in the early Christian period. This further emphasizes the fact that the

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