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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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KYOUJI MUGIKURA, KEI ANDOW, MASANORI TANO, KATSUHIKO TAKAKU
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
1-9
Published: July 30, 1988
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When constructing buildings where severe room environment (especially sound and vibration) must be met as in factories turning out high-tech products like LSI or concert halls, studios and hotels, it is necessary to estimate and countermeasure relating to noise and vibration from mechanical equipment needed in such buildings. To do so, it is basically necessary to make quantitative determinations of the exciting force of mechanical equipment. An experimental study was conducted, directly measuring via force guages the exciting force of a fan installed on a foundation which can be considered a rigid body. As a result, the exciting force of a fan in operation relative to shaft revolutions is underestimated, when determined from rotor balance quality Q. Our results indicate that better matching can be achieved by estimating lumped unbalance (m'r)_s from total mass of the fan. We propose the practical methods for estimating the exciting force frequency characteristics of fans from total mass and it's shaft revolutions.
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OSAMU TANAKA, SHIN-ICHI KUGA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
10-19
Published: July 30, 1988
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In the part-1 of this research, theoretical and practical equations to calculate transmission coefficients on 2-dimensional intersecting structures for bending wave and longitudinal wave incidence, were shown. In the part-2, some 2-dimensional intersecting structure models were made and transmissin properties were measured and then were compared each other and with theoretical values. In this report: part-3, Calculations and experiments are expanded into the three dimensional intersecting beam. In analysis tortional wave is considered with bending waves and longitudinal wave. From the result, the sum of calculated transmission coefficients is proved to be 100 %. In experiment, measured attenuations are coincided with theoretical values which modificated with standing wave on the incident beam.
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NORIO SAEKI, HIDEO HORIBE
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
20-27
Published: July 30, 1988
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The wind velocity profile above a city block consists of two differrent types; one in inner flow (in this paper call roughness infulential height), the other in outer flow. Due to wind tunnel tests using roughness models with relatively uniform height, it is said that the height of roughness influential height is approximately 1.7 times as heigh as the average height of blocks. Howerever, there are a few studies regarding roughness models with irregular heights of blocks such as those for urban areas. In this paper, wind tunnel tests with uniblock models are carried out and the equation for estimating the infulential height for a uniblock model is derived. By super-posing the estimated results, the height for a roughness model with irregular heights of blocks is obtained. By comparing test results with calculated values, it is learned that they are in good agreement and that this method can be used to estimate the roughness infuluential height for a city block model with irregular block heights such as those for urban areas.
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JUN-ICHIRO TSUTSUMI, TADAHISA KATAYAMA, AKIO ISHI, MASARU NISHIDA, HIR ...
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
28-36
Published: July 30, 1988
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Passive utilization of natural energy is one of the most reasonable way to improve the urban thermal environment in the warm season. The sea-land breeze is an appropriate energy source for this purpose. Statistical method to extract and express the sea-land breeze component from the wind data and the relation between that and the solar radiation data are described in this paper. The AMeDAS and the SDP data, from 1980 to 1984, in 12 cities which are scattered in the whole country are used. The analysis period, which means the warm season, is fixed on condition that the 7-day moving average of daily mean air temperature is above 20℃. The sea-land breeze axis is decided from the wind rose in the analysis period. The sea-land breeze component means the wind vector component of this axis. Sea breeze hours and land breeze hours are fixed by the average sea-land breeze component at each time. The characteristics of the wind direction and speed in the sea and the land breeze hours correspond to the general nature of the sea-land breeze. The sea-land breeze intensity is defined as the difference between the average sea-land breeze component in the sea breeze hours and that in the land breeze hours. The sea-land breeze stability is defined as the ratio of the sea-land breeze intensity to the sum of the average scalar speed in these hours. The relation between the solar radiation and the sea-land breeze intensity or the sea-land breeze stability is examined.
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AKIO MIZUTANI, TETSUO OHSAWA, AKIHIKO MIYANO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
37-45
Published: July 30, 1988
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This paper reports the effects of the difference between the inside temperature of vertical air layer and the outside temperature on the efficiency of vapor discharge. Varying the width of slit or rectangular opened edges and the thickness of air layer, the following results were obtained I 1) In the case where both edges of air layer are completely open and where its thickness is kept constant, the efficiency of vapor discharge is higher when the inside temperature is higher than the outside temperature than when there is no temperature difference. 2) When the air layer is less than 3cm thick and the difference between the temperature at the wall surface and the outside temperature is within 2 or 3 degrees, the temperature difference has the strong effect on the equivalent permeation resistance. 3) The above two results show that the efficiency of vapor discharge by air layer is controlled by the difference between the moist air density in the air layer and that of outside atmosphere. 4) In the case where each edge of the air layer has a slit less than 1 cm wide and the temperature difference is more than 4 or 5 degrees, the thickness of the air layer and the width of slit have no siginificant effect on vapor discharge.
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SHUJI FUJII, HIROO TARUMI, KAZUHIRO YUASA, KUNIO ATARASHI, ICHIYA HAYA ...
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
46-52
Published: July 30, 1988
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Cogeneration for commercial use began 1974 in Japan and as of Mar. 31, 1987, the sum of power generator capacity at 108 facilities reached approximately 51 000 kW. In this paper, the engine type, fuel, heat rate, system composition, interconnection with electric utilities, building use, floor area and utilization of power and heat were investigated. The contents of investigations and analyses are as follows '. 1) The output of power, fuel, operational methods and operational time zone were classified according to building use and engine type. 2) The relation between the contract electric power and generator capacity was analyzed. 3) The several types of system composition were considered in conditions of location. 4) The problems of practical use such as checking intervals and others were clarified.
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SABURO MURAKAWA, DAISAKU NISHINA, AKIHIKO IIO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
53-61
Published: July 30, 1988
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Recently, recreational green-water places have been constructed in several urban areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate what these places exert influence on the inhabitants around there. Therefore we executed questionaires to the inhabitants around the five green-water places that we had selected, and analysed inhabitants' recreational uses and evaluations of these places from the viewpoint of a way between these places and their dwelling. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The characteristics of recreational uses - for example the time duration of the stay, the frequency of visits and so on - closely related to a way. Namely, when people live near the place, they visit to that place frequently for the purpose of a short stay represented by walking. On the other hand, when they live away from there, they rarely visit to that place but stay there for a long time, in this case the purpose of their uses is to play for swimming or fishing. 2) As for the relation between evaluation and a way, in case of large place, both the individual and compre-hensive evaluation is unrelated to a way, but in case of small place, a way makes some differences on evaluation. One of the reason of these differences is that inhabitant's consciousness for the places depends on a way in case of small place. 3) From relation between characteristics of uses, evaluations and phisical indicies of the places, in case of a short way, frequency of visiting a green-water place is related to the evaluation of the place, but in case of a long way, the frequency is related to the scale.
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YOSHITSUGU AOKI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
62-71
Published: July 30, 1988
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Through arguments on the design process, it was clarified that the intuitive expression of plan like as "esquisse" is useful although it does not always express the complete information on architectural form, because we can get a complete image from incomplete expression by a kind of association or analogical judgment. A knowledge-base which produces such kind of association or analogical judgment is required in the architectural CAD system. The analogy process is consisted by two sub-processes; 1) finding process of associational rela-tionship between design assignments, 2) association process from given assignments to the other assignments. The above process is formulated as; 1) If the correlational coefficient between two assignments A and B, defined as relative frequency of both assignments among the set of plans designed by same architect, is high then we can find a kind of associational relation (A, B). And we can store a set of these relationship as a know-ledge-base. 2) If an assignment A is given by designer when an associational relationship (A, B) has been obtained, then we can conclude that possibility of such fact that proposition B is true is high. These two processes can be constructed as a computer program. The effectiveness of this correlational analogy model was observed through applications of this model in the system assisting the design of room layout and door details.
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SHIGEKI NAKAYAMA, MAKOTO ITO, YUTAKA KAWAGUCHI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
72-82
Published: July 30, 1988
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It is a big problem for Japanese hospitals to have to receive a lot of outpatients every day. But the outpatient department (OPD) plays an important role in the health maintenance of people, and the meaning of OPD is highly evaluated today. The purpose of this study is to get the key to design the OPD through quantitative and qualitative analyses on streams of patients' traffic within the OPD of hopital. We investigated the flow of outpatients at Kagawa Prefectural Hospital, Yokohama City Hospital, St. Luke's International Hopital, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, etc. The results of analyses are as follows: (1) The maximum number of patients staying in the hospital at every moment of clinic hours is 50-60% of total number of patients of the day. (2) Average lengths of stay of outpatient are one hour and a half to two hours and a half. (3) Introduction of reservation system in consulting and examination at OPD can reduce the length of stay of patients evidently. And it is to shorten the waiting time of patients at the hospital pharmacy, that the prescriptions should be sended quickly to a pharmacy, as soon as a physician makes them. (4) The rate of patients who go to physiological test in laboratories is 2-6%, and X-ray department is 10-14%. The ratio of patients receiving medicine is over 50%. The average proportion of patients who go to the clinical laboratory for urine test is 15% and for blood test is 12%. (5) Most of the patients' traffic pattern in OPD are not so complicated. [Consulting Room → Accounting Counter] and [Consulting Room → Accounting Counter → Pharmacy] share the half pattern of all flow. We observed some patients going to the laboratory or X-ray department in the intervals of consultation.
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TETSUROU YAMASHITA, YASUHIKO NAGAKURA, JYUN UENO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
83-91
Published: July 30, 1988
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The objective of the study is to analyze the behavior of the transient conditions of inpatients. Our analysis have two points of view, one is to get types of the behavior of the transient conditions, and is to trace the behavior of the transient organization about conditions of inpatients, by using the theory of Markov process. A survey was carried out in St. Luke's International Hospital, and we got the daily conditions of each in-patient, written in "The Ward Report". The results of the analysis are abstracted as follows; 1) The behavior of the transient conditions are classifiable, by our new index "serious" and "un-serious". In our case, both "Medical" and "Surgical" have three types. These types are characterized by the length of stay in hospital and main diagnosed disies. 2) In this section, we shared inpatients in three groups in "Medical" and four in "Surgical". In each group, it is possible to culculate the expectation of the number of patients in State i at time t by A(t)=|Ai(t)|, given the initial distribution .A (1) and the transition rate matrix P. The limiting behavior of the closed system can be calculated by the transition rate matrix Q, formulating a modified matrix P.
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SHOZO MOTOSUGI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
92-107
Published: July 30, 1988
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Dieser Aufsatz zeigt als Fortsetzung des letzten Berichtes die grundsatzliche Denkweise der Verfasser liber die Btlhnenplanung fUr reibungslose Opernauffuhrungen. Im letzten Aufsatz wurden zunachst die MaBe der Haupt-blihnenflache im Zusammenhang mit den MaBen der Portalsffnung, die bei der Bilhnenplanung als ein wichtiges Element betrachtet wird, und der Dekorationsflache der Bllhnendekoration behandelt und die grtlndsatzlichen MaBe der Hauptbtihnenflache dargestellt. Damals habe ich die Btlhnendekoration als statische Konstruktion analysiert, aber jetzt habe ich versucht, den inszenierten Raum als kontinuierliche Konstruktion, die sich mit der Entwicklung der Szene Sndert, zu verstehen. In diesem Aufsatz habe ich mit der Berlicksichtigung der tatsachlichen Anwendungen der Bilhnenwagen, Versenkungen und Drehscheiben bei der Konstruktion oder des Wechsels der einzelhen Szenen liber (1) Konstruktion und Blihnenwechsel der Blihnendekoration (2) Art und Weise des Blihnenwechsels eine Analyse durchgeftihrt und dazu Betrachtungen angestellt. Und daraus habe ich zu den folgenden Punkten ftir die Nebenblihnen, die die Hauptblihne unterstlitzt, und dem Blihnenwechselsystem mein Gedanke dargestellt I (1) Blihnenwagen als Blihnenwechselsystem (2) MaBe der Offnung zwischen der Hauptblihne und Seitenbtihne (3) Mb'glichkeiten nach der VergroBerung des Seitenbtihnenwagens (4) Teilung und Antrieb des Blihnenwagens
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TOSHINOBU OKU
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
108-115
Published: July 30, 1988
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This paper reports on the relation between townscape elements and feelings of townscape. The main purpose is to develop a method to give unity to townscape. Methodology and Procedure The data given by the result of the reports in part 1 and part 2 is analyzed by multivariate analysis and multiregression. Sample: Nine montaged slides. Objective variables: three variables, 1. Unity 2. Intimacy and 3. Preference. Subjective variables: Three variables, 1. Characteristics of townscape elements 2. Gestalt factors 3. Visual noise. Analysis method: HAYASHI' s quantification I and multiregression are employed. Results The following results were obtained: To obtain the highest unity of townscape is to decrease visual noise of the main and structural elements of townscape. To obtain the lowest unity of townscape is to increase visual noise of the texture and structural elements of townscape. On intimacy and preference, the relation between objective variables and subjective variables is low.
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YOUSUKE HIRAYAMA, MASAHIKO MASUDA, MICHIKO TANIMOTO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
116-124
Published: July 30, 1988
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In recent years, low income people and welfare recipient households are increasing in public housing. The aim of this study is to examine the state of public housing from the viewpoint of concentration of welfare problems, la doing so, we set out the questionnaire on residents in public housing in Hirano-ku Osaka City, where many public housing estates are located. And we analyzed the difference of characteristics between the residents who are recipients of public assistance and those who have ceased to receive it. As a result, we can say the attributes of households are very different between the residents on public assistance and those who have ceased to receive it. And the remarkable characteristic of the former is their moving from the inner area to the public housing located in the outer area.
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KUNKAZU UENO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
125-135
Published: July 30, 1988
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There are two drawings of great fires at 1832 in Takayama local museum. In two drawings, I can get many informations on Takayama at 1832, for example, a shape of the town, a site of house, a distribution of "Kashiya" (houses of rent) and its owners. Three south-north roads were main streets and there were some esat-west paths that connected them. Along even three main street, there were "Kashiya" s over fifty percent, and "Kashiya" s made a row in both sides of east-west paths. There were fields on the west side of Katahara-machi, however they were not found in the map at 1873. There were seven merchants who had more than ten "Kashiya"s. There were some "Kashiya" owners who lived outside of Takayama. Some "Kashiya" owners employed "Yamori", the person who managed lands and building instead of the owner. I can not find "Yamori" in two drawings, however, I can find "Yamori" in a kinds of cencus register contemporary with drawings. After the great fire, it is often found the case that the renter rebuilt the houses. The big fire was the opportunity that owners disposed of lands and houses. Almost part of Takayama was destroyed again by the great fire at 1876. After twice great fires, Takayama kept the former road pattern and the former shape of house. This had maken Takayama into the traditional town. I think that Takayama kept the shape of the town till the end of the second War.
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HIROSHI SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
136-142
Published: July 30, 1988
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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the genealogy of the interior decoration of "Amidado" in Heian era. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The sourse of the interior decoration of "Amidado" exists in halls of Hojoji temple. (2) The method of interior decoration was completed in Hoodo, and the other "Amidado" took Hoodo for a model. (3) "Kuhon-ojo-zu" and "Gokuraku-jodo-zu" were the main themes of the interior painting, and several "Hiten", sculpture or painting, were arranged of the upper walls. (4) The first example of the use of "Raden" (mother-of-pearl-work) existed in "Amidado" of Hojoji, and of "Makie" (lacquer) in Tohokuin of Hojoji. (5) Introduction of the painting of "Ryokai-mandara" on the columns is due to belief in "Komyo shingon".
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TERUO YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
143-149
Published: July 30, 1988
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There are two methods of the lay-out of the main buildings of Obakushu Buddhist temples in Kyushu district. The one is the lay-out in Kara-dera (Buddhist temples for the Chinese in Nagasaki). In this lay-out the main buildings face to the small courtyard paved by stone. The other is the lay-out in Buddhist temples which have a building for the priests to sit in meditation and were founded after A. D. 1661, when Manpuku-ji was established as one of branches of Buddhism schools in Japan. This lay-out takes triangular position with Daiyuhoden (the building for the priests to worship Buddha), Senbut-sujo (the building for the priests to sit in meditation) and Zen'etsudo (the building for the priests to eat together).
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YOSHIKO MIZUNUMA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 389 Pages
150-159
Published: July 30, 1988
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There were four municipal apartment houses in YOKOHAMA before the KANTO earthquake of 1923. This study discusses on the background of those apartment houses. The Ministry of Home Affaires furnished low interest funds for the construction of municipal dwelling houses from 1918. Almost municipal dwelling houses were constructed with the funds in YOKOHAMA. Four municipal apartment houses in YOKOHAMA were also constructed with the funds. Seishu Kubota, the mayor of YOKOHAMA, had been a bureaucrat of the Ministry of Home Affairs. He took up positive attitude to resolve the housing problems. The section of social service was established at January 1918 in YOKOHAMA municipal office. Suekuma Takagi, a chief of the section, considered that the construction of apartment houses was effective in the improvement of housing. Then he carried forward the construction of apartment houses. YOKOHAMA municipal dwelling houses were disigned by the section of construction. Hichigoro Yamada, a chielf of the section, reported the YOKOHAMA municipal dwelling houses and datailed about municipal apartment houses in a journal of architecture and building science. There is a strong possiblity that he took part in the design of the apartment houses. YOKOHAMA municipal apartment houses were constructed with the fund and the organization as above.
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 389 Pages
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