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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1985
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1985
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1985
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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YOSHINORI TOIDA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
1-12
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Characteristics of the three syllable articulation and sentence intelligibility in an open-air stadium are investigated using proposed predicting method. The stadium is 210 by 173 meters in size, 29,000 square meters in the total area, can accommodate 20,639 people in the stand, and for public address system, 42 reflex-horn type loudspeakers are distributed around the stand without electronic time delay system. Reinforced speech in the stadium are disturved by delayed echo speech and cheering yell noise, therefore the predicting method which proposed here assumes that the value of syllable articulation in a real field would be the same as what would be calculated were the disturving echo energy replaced by equivalent noise. Three combinations of the following calculated syllable articulation in echoes were considered : *_<vv> of vowel is interfered by echo vowels ; *_<cv> of consonant is interfered by echo vowels ; *_<cc> of consonant is interfered by echo consonants. Modelled three CV syllables were used in this predicting method for the syllable articulation, and ten CV syllables composed of two phrase and one pause were used for the sentence intelligibility. Acoustics and location of the loudspeakers are estimated to simulate the real stadium. Each three steps of speech level, rate of syllables pronounced per second, and conbination of loudspeaker cluster in operation are used. Articulation index was calculated by the predicting method using physical data estimated in the stadium. Decrement area of speech intelligibility in the stadium are ascertained and disturving mechanism in echoes are elucidated in relation to the plactical use of public address system and rate of syllables pronounced per second.
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YOSHIKO HIROKAWA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
13-23
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The behaviour and desire of residents to go outdoors when being free in summer was investigated by monitor survey in multi-storied buildings of two housing developments. Residents who depended on air conditioning only (Group B) to reduce indoor summer heat more strongly desired to go out and actually went out more frequently than residents who depended exclusively on natural ventilation (Group A). We observed two differences in the quality of environment between living with natural ventilation only and living with air conditioning only. The first is the difference in sensing fluctuation in the environment. The second is the difference in feeling relaxation in the environment. It must be added that both environments in our survey were thermally comfortable. Furthermore, we observed significant differences between Group A and Group B with regard to the frequency of going out in the immediate outdoor surroundings when being free. Those living with air conditioning only showed a signigicantly higher frequency of going to the outside surroundings than the others. From these results it is concluded that one's outdoor surroundings are one of the most suitable spaces for receiving the behavioural response to artificial or deteriorated indoor environments. They function as a complement to the indoor livability in multi-storied buildings.
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SATOSHI KOSE, YOSHIHIRO ENDO, HIDETAKA UNO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
24-29
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Research was conducted to determine minimum required dimensions for rise and going of stairs from the viewpoint of safety during traverse. Five experimental stairs were used to realize maximum range of dimensional varieties that are encountered in Japan. Four young male subjects climbed up and down the stairs : their behaviour on the stairs and impact force they apply to the tread were measured and analysed. Detailed examination of the data suggests that minimum allowable going is 210 mm to assure firm support by the ball joint of the foot, and that maximum allowable rise is 180 mm. This value for rise is too low compared to existing stair dimensions, that other measures to secure safety during stair climbing should be provided.
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KAZUO KAKEHI, MINORU KANNO, TOSHIYUKI HONMA, YOSHIHIRO YUDA, SHIRO MIS ...
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
30-40
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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For the medical regional planning, there are three fundamental problems ; the sphere medical service, the function of each facilities and the correlation of each facilities. We make a study of these problems in Akita prefecture area by using the data from the national health insurance program and the investigation cerebral apoplexy patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows (A) The sphere of medical service in Akita prefecture has been composed of 6 areawide spheres and 4 sub-a-reawide spheres. (B) The characteristic use of medical care facilities by the aged has been areawide less than general patients. (C) Each facilities were classified functionally in medical care on cerebral apoplexy, by existent functions of the decided diagnosis, the special cure, the rehabilitation. And we found to be sufficient for comprehensive medical care in 6 areawide and 3 sub-areawide spheres. (D) There was a evident corresponding between the correlation of each facilities and the difference in qualities of care. (E) Most of the patients moved to the upper medical care facilities to acquire the decided diagnosis and the special cure at short time. Typical correlation of each facilities was form several clinics in the town to a base hospital in the areawide and the sub-areawide sphere. (F) But many patients in a few town didn't moved to the upper medical care facilities and have undergone medical treatment on the beginning clinics in a longterm.
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YASUHIRO SAKURAI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
41-52
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The first purpose of this paper is to classify group activities in leisure life from the viewpoint of those character, members, function and similarity of those constituents. The second purpose is to clear the qualitative difference among some cities with regard to group formation in leisure life. The conclusions in this paper are as follows ; l) In this paper, firstly from the viewpoint of character, function and similarity of constituents, women's group activities are classified in 17 types, and men's are in 10 types. Secondly from the viewpoint of members, function and similarity of constituents, women's are classified in 14 types, and men's are in 8 types. 2) The qualitative differnce among some cities with regard to group formation in leisure life is more shown in the composition of group character or members than in the composition of its function. 3) And also, the qualitative difference is secondly shown in the composition of its constituents. 4) Group activities are in the process of its growth, and the qualitative difference among some cities reflects differencies of this process among some cities.
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MOTOO ANDO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
53-62
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Most of housing and industrial mixed land use areas are convenient and easy to live, but the environment of these areas is not so good. Therefore, at these areas, it is necessary to be in good conditions for coexisting with residence and factory. In this paper I consider and evaluate local laws to be in good conditions for coexisting with residence and factory. I picked up some local laws treated with the coexistence. They are the law on the requlation of facilities to worsen their living environment in Amagasaki City, the law on the prevention of environmental pollution in Higashi-Osaka City and the law on the self-control of environmental pollution in Sumida Ward.
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YOSHITAKA ISHIZUKA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
63-67
Published: October 30, 1985
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The maintenance cost of buildings is came into question, it is accepted centering around a running cost and rarely the lite cycle cost combining a running cost with an initial cost. Accordingly, the development of the method to analyze and judge the life cycle cost and an effort of building must be needed, considering with a using term. In this report, I consider conditions, look for the system to calculate the life cycle cost, calculate and analize the life cycle cost in medium scale office building. I find that the use-management cost of building is very large, and that it influences the total cost how to decveace it.
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KAZUNARI SAKAMOTO, NOBUYUKI ENDO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
68-78
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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As a continuation of the previous report, this report also deals with the iconological qualities of architectural form, but focuses on the different questions in the opinion-survey using 76 exterior photographs of detached houses, to clarify the qualities on a different level. Questions under consideration pertain to concept of architecture and taste. To be concrete, the respondents were asked to select from the 76 photographs ones which showed buildings whose forms seemed like [a house] or [an architecture], or stimulated [a desire to live in] or [no desire to live in]. In this report, factor analysis was carried out in each of the above mentioned categories using individual data acquired in the survey. Here, phenomena characteristic to each category were observed in the buildings. Moreover, similarity was observed in the constitution of the factors in each category. For the conceptual and taste image which concerns us here, 5 types of building groups which assumed individual differences in determining the factors were derived. Then, to clarify the relative characteristics and relationships among the types, factor-analysis was conducted using the data focusing on the frequency of appearance for each building in the 4 categories. Here, 3 major factors were extracted. These results were then considered in relation to a 3-dimensional coordinate system derived from the former analysis using the frequency data. This observation clarified the fact that the elements of each type are not uniformly dispersed within the system but are clustered together according to the type.
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AIHIKO MINAMOTO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
79-92
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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After an introduction explaining the methodology applied in my general study on the development of Japanese traditional joints, this paper is divided into the following sections ; 1) an investigation into the first examples of Ryakukama in the histoty of Japanese wooden structures, 2) an atempt to trace the development of Ryakukama from various viewpoints. These include their forms, members to which they were applied, their positions in use (Fig-10) and compound joints created by combining Ryakukama with other basic joint types (Fig-3), 3) a discussion of the changing functions of Ryakukama, 4) an inquiry into the developing concept of Ryakukama in the minds of capenters. Conclusions are ; 1) that Ryakukama were brought to Japan from China with the idea of using Nuki (continuous horizontal bracing members) at the beginning of the Middle Ages, around 1200 A. D., 2) that the concept of Ryakukama changed twice during the Middle Ages. Ryakukama first appeared as one of various joints by which the connection of members (especially a pair of Nuki intersecting at a pillar) could be assured (Fig-6, 20, 21). In the second phase Ryakukama were regarded as joints to be used exclusively for Nuki and Kashira-Nuki. The third phase was marked by the use of Ryakukama to join concealed structural members, while it, was noted that Ryakukama and Kama were closely related both in terms of distinctive feature relative to function (Kama were used in revealed structural members) and in terms of common features relative to form and their compounds with Mechigai (another basic type of joint, fig-24).
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IWAO SAKAMOTO, SHIGERU KAMIWADA, KATSUYOSHI TSUBAKI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
93-102
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This report aids to clear the feature on form of block and lot in villages in Okinawa, on the basis of the direction of main rooms in a main house of a folk house. Presently, the villages with regular blocks occupy a little less than forty percents in all villages of Okinawa. The type of a transverse row occupys almost all of the regular blocks. Many of the numbers of lot are from two to four, and more than five is less among the type of a transverse row. The beginning of the villages with regular blocks is presumpted in 1737. The regular blocks end in the two lots of a transverse row passing through each two stages of the type of a transverse row and the type of Tanoji. The form of a lot begins at a square, and next passing through the oblong mixed of long sideways and short sideways, finally proceeds to the oblong of long sideways.
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AKIRA NAKANISHl
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
103-109
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This paper inquires into the changing process of the type of nosing-ornamental termination of projecting members of bracketing like A and B in Fig. 4 in the Tap'o style in Korea. The type of nosing (Figs. 1,2,3) is adopted to the old buildings in the Tap'o style before the middle of the 15th century. From the latter half of the 15 th century to Im-Jin War (1592-98), this type of nosing changes into the new one (Figs. 4, 7, 9, 11). And this type of nosing after Im-Jin War is successively applied to the end of the Yi-Dynasty.
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RIHEE GOSHIMA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
110-119
Published: October 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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First, I took up and refined the tas-de-charge or the fill-behind-hunch theory of V. Sabouret and P. Abraham, and divided the rib vault into three parts : tas-de-charge, fill behind hunch and real vault. Next, I discussed the proportional relation among the height of fill, rise of vault and transversal span of bay. Last, I examined the relation between the fill and the removal of rib centering, after which the real vault was constructed according to the well-known passage in Suger's De Consecratione. I concluded that the filling was carried out before the rib centering and that it played an important role in fixing the rib skeleton or in constructing the real vault.
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TATSUKI SATO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 356 Pages
120-130
Published: October 30, 1985
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The transition of the pier system in Ile-de-France from the early 12 th century to the early 13 th century is the process that heavy compound piers are replaced with slender colomns by stages. At Early Gothic the sexpartite vault was employed in order to accommodate to the remarkable alternation of the pier system witch was the result that the heavy compound piers have been replaced with slender columns on every other piers. The intermediate pier of Early Gothic sexpartite vaulting church has shafts standing on the capital, from witch terminals arches and ribs depart. I think that such a composition (column-constitution) was originally created when constructors made a trial to cover the apse of ambulatory type choir with rib vault. In this paper, I treat of the evolution of pier constitutions in the whole central space including both choir and nave. As a result, it is able to be considered that the evolution of pier-constitutions of Ile-de-France, from the early 12 th centuy to the early 13 th century, is the process that the column-constitution which was created in the apse of the ambulatory type choir spreads over the other portions of the central space gradually.
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 356 Pages
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