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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1991
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1991
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1991
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Shuzo MURAKAMI, Akashi MOCHIDA, Yasushi KONDO, Tadanori TANAKA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
1-9
Published: January 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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A two-dimensional turbulent flowfield around a square rib placed in a surface boundary layer is predicted using both Algebraic Stress Model (ASM) and the standard κ-ε turbulence model. The results from these models are compared with those of wind tunnel tests conducted by the authors. The predicted flowfield by means of ASM correspond fairly well to the experimental data, while the standard κ-ε model overestimates κ values around the frontal corner and cannot reproduce the reverse flow on the roof. The differences between the results obtained from two models are examined precisely by comparing the distributions of production terms of turbulence energy κ and Reynolds stresses utuj, thus the structual shortcomings of the standard κ-ε model are clarified.
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Hirokazu FUKUSHIMA, Masahito YASUOKA, Yashiko KOBAYASHI, Hiroyoshi FUJ ...
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
11-20
Published: January 30, 1991
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This paper showes the results of experiment about floor impact sound (by heavy impact source) of wooden structure. First, we tested it with a scale model (S1 : 4), and understood that both the upper floor structure and the wall of lower room should be improved to reduce floor impact sound and the following (1)〜(3) were considered as a structure which can reduce it fairly. (1) The lower room has double wall. One supports upper floor structure (outer wall), the other supports ceiling of the lower room (inner wall). The outer structure without panels is better than the one with panels, because such structure has smaller sound radiating area than with panel. (2) The floor panel has many small holes to reduce sound radiation resistance. (3) The ceiling has rather high transmission loss. After the scale model tests were over, we confirmed them with using an actual size structure, and it was certained that we were able to make a wooden structure which grade was L-55.
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Masamichi ENAI, Noboru ARATANI, Katumi KUBOTA, Hirofumi MATSUMURA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
21-29
Published: January 30, 1991
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Generally, the distribution of air temperature is affected by the remnant heat from occupants or the cold draft from openings. So the warm zone always appears at the ceiling level. On the other hand, the cool zone appears at the floor level. The larger the space becomes the more inhomogeneous its temperature distribution becomes. Therefore, it is important to predict such a thermal environment numerically in unsteady state. In this report, we tried to divide a space into three zones (upper, middle and lower) and to apply this proposed three zones model to glass covered spaces by using the Successive Integration Method. And we discussed the improving methods of thermal environment which had an inhomogeneous distribution of temperature.
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Yasuo KUROTANI, Takashi SEKINE
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
31-38
Published: January 30, 1991
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This paper reports the wind tunnel experiments conducted to study the relation between the air flow and the shape of buildings, with the slopes of walls in focus. It aims at determining a proper gradient of wall which diminishes the strong wind region near the surface around buildings. A rectangular model of D40×W40×H80mm was used as the standard control. The test objects put in the tunnel were trapezoidal models with sloped walls, of the same D and H but 6 different W (i.e. angle of slope). Then the bottoms and tops were reversed and the models were exposed by two directions of wind likewise. All the 24 kinds of test were divided into 4 types of series according to the wind direction and standing of models, and named YS, YRS, XS and XRS types, as shown in Table-2. Measurements were performed in the three dimensional way for the air flow around each model, explicating the distribution of wind velocity totally not limiting to the near surface region. The result is as follows: The strong wind region near the surface diminished most significantly in YS series and then in XRS series, when the angle of slope is expressed in tanθ≧2/8〜3/8. The effects were in the opposite direction in XS and YRS series, by far worst in the latter. The tendency strengthened as the slope angle of walls increased against vertical plane.
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Katsuhiko HIRATA, Masanori SHUKUYA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
39-46
Published: January 30, 1991
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Panel heating systems with floor heat storage, the thermal energy stored in which is gradually transferred to the room space, are considered effective in providing a stable and comfortable thermal environment. Sufficient insulation of the building envelopes is very important to enable us to have the panel heating systems that give such a thermally comfortable room space. However, the quantitative relationships between thermal characteristics of the building envelopes, thermal capacity of the floor, the thermal comfort and heating energy requirements have not been studied extensively. This paper describes the results of a numerical analysis on these relationships. We have found the following : the concrete floor of about 10cm is effective not only in reducing the heating energy demand but also in lowering the water temperature supplied to the floor ; the building envelopes should be covered with the foam-polystylene insulation of at least 4 cm or equivalent in case of Tokyo so that the floor surface temperature can be reduced to a desired level.
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Shingo TAMAKI, Tatsuo MASUTA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
47-57
Published: January 30, 1991
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In this paper, the external appearance of the traditional town housing and its evolution processes are analyzed. conclusions are as follows, 1. The main roof style of the housing type with the receding entrance (Genkan-kotai type) had been developing from the saddle roof to the saddle with the pent roof ("Irimoya"). 2. The roof of the kitchen transformed from the lean-to roof to the saddle roof, as the kitchen had been projecting from the main structure. 3. The roof style of the vestibule had developed from the lean-to roof to the saddle with the pent roof. 4. The morphological development of the external appearance of the traditional town housing had been motivated by the resident's aspiration for keeping his status.
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Noboru IWAO, Satoshi HAGISHIMA, Juneyoung KIM
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
59-67
Published: January 30, 1991
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For the planning of urban green space, it is nessasary to explain the changes of green space distribution. The aim of this study is to clarify the regulating factors of urban green space distribution and of green space change. For the purpose of this aim HAYASHI's quantification theory are applied for the data of green space distribution. Four external criterion are total green space, woodland, grass area and agricultural land. And data of population, land use, geographical position, etc are adopted for the factors. Through the analysis dominant factors for regulating green space distribution and its change are obtained.
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Masashi YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
69-78
Published: January 30, 1991
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This paper analizes the change of distribution about the lots using for houses and the factors to form it from the view point of locational condition in six districts of rural area. This study, confirms the following: 1. About the formation of the lots using for houses by two actions which the lot shifted utilization of land and the lot divided to some parts, the time to increase the domain of land use for houses, the scale of lots and the location of them are diffirent form each other. And the zorns of diffirent pattern of them are formed in the domain. For examples, the zone succeeded the exiting land use, the zone which the lots using houses spread over the district, the zone isolated from the exiting house using zone, and others. 2. The locations of the lot shifted utilization of land use for houses and the lot divided to some parts are dicided by the relation between the owners of them and the shifting right of land ownership. When the housing lots are succeeded by farmers, the locations of them are grouping around the exiting house using zone. And when the housing lots are sold to owners who moved into the district, the locations of them are scattered into the outskirst of there. 3. About a group of housing lots by one owner, an owner who owns a large numbers of lots is predominant over one who owns little in their land use.
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Hiroshi ORYU, Tetsuzo MIYAZAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
79-87
Published: January 30, 1991
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This paper, following the previos paper No 2, reports the characteristics of rural facilities through the investigation of volume on children's behavior. The contents of analysis are summery characteristics and children's relation between children's behavior and using state of facilities. The main results are follows : ・Total volume of behavior is approximately constant among different rural regions. ・Sum of volume on several kinds of behavior ocupy the great part of total volume. ・Volumes of some kinds of behavior are different by school year or by sex distinction. ・Sphere of children's behavior is smaller than adalts', and is nearly equivalent to old ages'. ・The facilities with large volume of children's behavior are "neighboring house", "road" , "elementary school", "shop located on Kyuson area" and "middle school".
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Teruaki MATSUZAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
89-98
Published: January 30, 1991
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In this paper 1 intend to clarify all of the styles and the characteristics of "Kakezukuri" in the Ancient and the Middle ages in Japan. And this paper consists of the following chapters. I "Kakezukuri" has the rock which is in the principal hall(naijin), and believed in ; From the early to the middle of Heian period. II "Kakezukuri" is built in the cave and on the big rock ; From the late of Heian to the Middle ages. III The other cases ; From the end of Heian to the Middle ages. I will present the structure, which is under the floor of "Kakezukuri" in the other part of this series.
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Hiroyasu FUJIOKA, Yasuo FUKAGAI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 419 Pages
99-106
Published: January 30, 1991
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The Japanese government built twenty-two pavilions for seventeen international expositions before World War II. All the pavilions but one had Japanese-style elevations : motifs of traditional architecture were applied. Such designs were based on either specific building types in specific eras or famous old edifices, but such models were not accurately traced on the elevations of the pavilions, but modified applying motifs in different eras freely. This suggests what the architects thought: they tried to make a "modern Japanese-style," although their way belonged to eclecticism of the 19th century.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1991
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 419 Pages
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