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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1991
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Hirokazu FUKUSHIMA, Rumiko SHIMURA, Masahito YASUOKA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
1-10
Published: June 30, 1991
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We have been refering to sundry records and statistically analyzing about acousitc characteristics of auditoriums in Japan. Main results of this paper are following. (1) The average of volume per seat for the peorid of 10 years had been increasing from 1960's to 1980's. The volume per seat of concert halls in 1980's were about 10〜12 (m^3/seat). (2) The reverberation times on 500 .Hz band of empty auditoriums with orchestra shell had been long, but those without orchestra shell had been short from 1960's to 1980's. Therefore, the difference between reverberation time without orchestra shell and with it had become large. (3) The average (for 10 years) of mean absorption coefficients of malti-use-purpose auditoriums had been not so changed on every octave band from 1960's to 1980's, but those of concert hall had fairly become small from 1970's to 1980's.
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Kunio FUNAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
11-20
Published: June 30, 1991
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This paper aims to find out influences of different types of mental representations, namely a perceptual relevant or a motor relevant representation, on "sense of direction" and on wayfinding behavior in an unfamiliar large-scale environment. The mental representation of each subject is supposed to be formed by a different instruction at the outset of guided route learning through the environment. The results show that the mental representation has some extent of effects on environmental cognition in terms of the sense of direction and cognitive mapping products and on the wayfinding strategy according to the type of given instruction to subject.
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Kunio FUNAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
21-30
Published: June 30, 1991
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This paper describes some characteristic aspects of wayfinding behavior with regard to an initial instruction to a subject as the environmental information in an irregular street area. 61 subjects involved in this experiment are divided into three groups in terms of the initial instructions. Each group is asked to reach a given destination (D) under one of three types of instructions at an origin (0), and also asked to return to the origin point without any help. The instructions include (I) having a topographical map of the area, (II) information about direction and distance to the destination, and (III) guided tours with the experimenter.
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Kaname YANAGISAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
31-42
Published: June 30, 1991
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This study investigated the effects of physical environment on children's behavior, mainly in open plan elementary schools. The survey is based on observation of children's behavior in several open plan schools. The results shows that 1) There are various kinds of territory made by class (class monopolistic territory, class prior territory, public territory) in open space. It is influenced by spatial composition and layout. 2) Some physical settings such as partition, book shelf, screen, etc. become boundary to divide territory. . 3) Most of children occupy the prior territory with some friend (they are perhaps moderate grouping). But if this space is small, children sometimes spread over to public place or neighbor place. The children occupied isolated place usually make a small intimate group. Intimate group sometimes occupy the well defined corner.
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Hirozo UNO, Fujio ADACHI, Jiro MAJIMA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
43-48
Published: June 30, 1991
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This is the second paper to discrss a growth in household and a renovation of a detached house in Hokkaido. In this paper, we analyze the relation between a growth in household and a renovation or extension of house. We obtained the following results from this analysis; 1. A renovation or extension of house is regulated by a dwelling, level, a growing stage in household or a type of change in household, 2. An enlargement in floor space by the extension of house is large in a case of less than 34 m^2 of floor space for a grown-up person, but is little in a case of 34 m^2 and more, 3. Many cases of a renovation or extension are for a living room, a dining room and a kitchen, and in those cases, an enlargement in floor space is large remarkably.
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Jeongsik CHO, Kiyoshi KAWASAKI, Masami KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
49-59
Published: June 30, 1991
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial qualities of Korean traditional houses by surveying its relation with family organization and daily life. In this study, the traditional houses in Hahoe, an old village in Korea, were surveyed and the residents were interviewed for their life in 1920〜1930's. The conclusions are as follows ; (1) It has been told that An-Che (main building) is women's space and Sarang-Che is men's space. But it was found out that there has been a room called Are-Sangbang which is used by both men and women alternately according to the change of family organization. (2) An-Bang was used for the dining place for all the members of a family except the head. Because it was taught that young man must not speak, or make noise of chopsticks during meal with one's father or grandfather. Moreover, the head of family always had a lot of guests. (3) An-Bang MULIM, a custom that mother gives her room (An-Bang) to one's daughter-in-law is conducted according to the change of family organization.
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Yoshitsugu AOKI, Toshihiro OSARAGI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
61-67
Published: June 30, 1991
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The parameters.of the space influence model estimated by minimum square error method were unstable caused by the multicollinearity. A practical method for the robust estimation of the space influence model is proposed in this paper. Introducing the orthogonal variables W by using the principal component analysis, the space influence model can be transformed to the multiple regression model with form ; Y = WB. The parameters of the space influence model can be obtained by returning the regression coefficients B. For reducing the effect of the multicollinearity, (1) we omit the elements of B corresponding nearly zero eigenvalue. (2) we omit the elements of B corresponding variables W which have negligible small correlation coefficients with the dependent variable Y.
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June young KIM, Satoshi HAGISHIMA, Akira OHGAI, Noboru IWAO, Shigeyuki ...
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
69-78
Published: June 30, 1991
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify land use structure by examining the land use transition matrixes in Fukuoka and Kawasaki. The characteristics of the land use transition is analyzed by using transition diagram firstly. Then eigenvalue and eigenvector of land use transition matrixes are calculated. The result of this calculation is found to be coincide with the constitution ratio of land use of stable state. For the last, when future land use frame is given, estimation method of transition matrix is proposed
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Takashi OMI, Keiji KITAHARA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
79-87
Published: June 30, 1991
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We study on SUS (Small-Urban-Spaces), included in private building plots on central shopping area, as intermediate territory in city. First, we classify SUS from scale and plan, and we make clear that a rate of depth to frontage of SUS is an available index pointing out street character. Secondly, we analyze a background of formation of SUS, ownership of land and building, completion year and type of business. And we explicate that these factor influence on not only scale and .form of SUS, but also permeability of facade and arrangement of street furniture.
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Ikuko MUROSAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
89-99
Published: June 30, 1991
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This study aims to analyze the composition, nature and role of a base (a place where a mixed-aged-children's play-group can gather, play and leave as their neccessary or desire). The main findings : A base is composed of adequate open space and a cabin. A base may be characterized by five elements of space. 1. a pleasant area with adequate space to get together to play. 2. a sheltered portion 3. neighbouring 4. a common area within the community 5. continuing between surrounding areas. The role of a base is to support an entire range of children's play from the simple to the more complicated activities.
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Tsutomu SHIGEMURA, Juichi YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
101-108
Published: June 30, 1991
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We discuss on the methodology to study on spatial structure of community. Amonographic study for a certain existing hamlet as a model is valuable when we analyse the inner structure between spatial and social orders of it. Here we choose a mountain village "Nakakubo" which is relatively isolated and has kept a very strong and unique custom of cooperation and equality. The development process of this cooper-ativeness is analysed and classified to 4 steps-models in comparision with the economical relation to outer areas.
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Ken-ichi FURUTA, Terukazu TAKESHITA, Mahito NAKAZONO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
109-115
Published: June 30, 1991
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In minimum housing standard which has been established by the Ministry of Construction, the criteria for necessary area space of dwelling rooms per household are set up. The purpose of this paper is to clear up differences between the criteria and the practical way of dwelling of house-holds in public housing. We examined original data of public housing in Fukuoka prefecture (1980). The results provide evidence that the size of a bed-room for two or more persons in smaller than the criteria's. This means that households use the largest rooms for living-rooms, dining-rooms, etc. not for bed-rooms.
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Osami OBA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
117-128
Published: June 30, 1991
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In this study, I investigated, picking up Minakuchi post town which is one of the post towns of old Toukaidou in the latter half of the Edo, the characteristic structures of the town streets constructed by three streets, which are peculiar to this post town. Firstly, I investigated the regional characteristics of their job's allocations, and the tendencies in the house's scale of each job in this post town. In addition, I required the characteristics of the town forms and the developing processes by the restoration and the chronology of the town structures.
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Osami OBA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
129-141
Published: June 30, 1991
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This paper is concerned with the town houses in the old castle town of Tatsuno in Hyogo prefecture. At first I investigated the elements of the facade and its construction in the latter of Edo period by using GOYO-OBOECHOU which has been recorded in the old town center of Tatsuno. Next I required the chronological characters for each formation by classifying the original facade type of the existing town houses. In addition, I commented on the process of their transformation before World War fl by watching the plane types, the developing formation of the secondfloor, and reforming of houses.
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Hiroyuki NIWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
143-150
Published: June 30, 1991
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In this paper, I selected three temples out of 16 head temples of Nichiren sect at kyoto as follows. Those are 1) Ryuhonji where Soshi-Do was disposed facing Kishi-Bojin-Do (Setsu-Do) in front of Shaka-Do, 2) Myomanji, where Shaka-Do was disposed right-angled to Soshi-Do and 3) Myorenji, where Shaka-Do and Soshi-Do was disposed from east to west facing to the south. Because I'd like to research on the process of changes of principal hall and factors of the disposition of the Buddhisttemples. As the result, substantial three items, which were interpreted in this paper, were clarified.
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Shuji HANYU
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 424 Pages
151-158
Published: June 30, 1991
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The restoration of the cresting and roofing of Saint Sernin Church in Toulouse is at the heart of an important debate today, since it is difficult to maintain the elements conceived and realized by Viollet le Due between 1860 and 1879. The High Commission for Historic Monuments decided for the return to the state before 1860, since Viollet le Due's restoration was not based on the incontestable archeological evidence. The present paper deals with the relationship between theory and practice in his restoration works of Saint Sernin Church.
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 424 Pages
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