-
Kanji MIYABE, Shigeya TAKEUCHI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
713-720
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A nondimensional plate height equation was proposed for the kinetic analysis of peak spreading in liquid chromatography. The equation was derived on the basis of the theory of moment analysis. The equation represents the correlation between two dimensionless parameters, the reduced plate height, h, and reduced velocity,
v, with several other parameters including a surface diffusion coefficient. Characteristic features of the equation proposed were compared with those of several ordinary equations. The influence of each of the several parameters in the equation on the correlation between h and
v was individually evaluated by numerical calculations. The influence of surface diffusion on h was significant at sufficiently large values of
v. The contributions of a few mass-transfer processes in a column, i.e., axial dispersion, fluid-to-particle mass-transfer, and intraparticle diffusion, to h were separately evaluated. It was demonstrated that peak spreading phenomena in liquid chromatography could be numerically analyzed under various conditions according to the nondimensional equation.
View full abstract
-
Hatsuo MAEDA, Munenori ITAMI, Kazunori KATAYAMA, Yuji YAMAUCHI, Hideno ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
721-727
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The adsorption property of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes anodized in HO(CH
2CH
2O)
nR (
n=1-4, R=H or Me) has been evaluated by comparing cyclic voltammograms of caffeic acid before and after a treatment of the electrodes with a BSA solution. Electrodes modified with triethylene glycol and its monomethyl ether have proved to resist surface fouling due to BSA adsorption as well as to show satisfactory electrochemical performance. The reliability of the assessment was established by examining the amounts of BSA adsorbed on electrodes estimated by radioactivity measurements after a treatment with
125I-BSA. The analytical utility of a triethylene glycol-modified GC electrode has been demonstrated by analyzing a sample containing uric acid, acetaminophen, and BSA by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, where a commercially available packed- column, allowing the passage of proteins, namely, requiring no pretreatment of samples for the removal of proteins, was utilized.
View full abstract
-
Hiroko KIMURA, Masahiro MUKAIDA, Takehiko KITAMORI, Tsuguo SAWADA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
729-734
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The quantitation of drug concentration in a cell using a new microscopic method, named laser-induced photo-thermal microscopy, was demonstrated. We used a paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde- fixed guinea pig′s kidney to which we administered tobramycin and assayed the quantity of colloidal gold immunologically bound to the tobramycin in the epithelial cell of one renal tubule. We could detect the locally concentrated tobramycin in the epithelial cell, as well as its local distribution quantitatively. The detection limit of the tobramycin concentration (10zmol ) was 10-times superior to that of confocal scanning laser microscopy. The colloidal gold which we used for immunochemical staining remained stable to laser-beam radiation and gave a low background. Therefore, it makes possible highly sensitive detection of a drug in fixed organs.
View full abstract
-
Toru TAKUMI, Hideshi FUJIWAKE, Yoshihisa KURACH
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
735-739
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Automated DNA sequencers have been developed rapidly, but dye terminator sequencing using the single-dye method remains inefficient. We have successfully established a new sequencing system using a thermostable DNA polymerase and a thermal cycling approach, combined with the use of four fluorescent dideoxynucleosides on an automated DNA sequencer. Using double-strand DNAs as templates and synthesized oligonucleotides as primers, this method gave 550-900bp read lengths (with a mean read length of 755bp). This dye terminator method is both reliable and economical and should become a general technique for walking sequencing using automated DNA sequencers.
View full abstract
-
Jun YANO, Ken-ichi YOSHIKAWA, Akira KITANI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
741-746
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Aniline was electropolymerized using constant-potential electrolysis. The chronoamperograms during the electropolymerization definitely had two different time dependences on the electrolytic current. During the initial stage, the current increased with the square root of the electrolysis time, and then increased linearly with the time. Those results were intrinsically the same as those of the electrodeposition of metal ions. To determine the kinetic parameters, the electrolytic current during the polymerization was analyzed on the basis of metal electrodeposition models developed by Fleishmann and Thirsk. The rate constant of the polymerization reaction was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of protons, to the concentration of anions and to the square of the concentration of aniline; also, the rate constant was formulated using the concentrations as well as the electrolysis potential and temperature. The concentration dependence of the rate constant led to the belief that the rate-determining reaction in the polymerization was the electro-oxidation of the dimer of aniline,
p-aminodiphenylamine.
View full abstract
-
Hirofumi TANI, Tohru SAITOH, Tamio KAMIDATE, Tetsuya KAMATAKI, Hiroto ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
747-751
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A series of alkylglucosides (AGs) was examined for the solubilization of four microsomal electron-transfer proteins (cytochrome P450 (P450), cytochrome
b5 (
b5), NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (fp2), and NADH-cytochrome
b5 reductase (fp1)) in rat liver microsomes. Among the four proteins,
b5 and fp2 were completely solubilized, and thus, almost recovered in the supernatant fraction after centrifugation, while P450 and fp1 were in the pellet. In particular, the solubilization yield of P450 was only about 10%. With a high ratio of alkylglucoside to membrane, along with a low ionic strength, a greater selectivity for
b5 and fp2 could be obtained. Such high selectivity was not observed by the use of sugar ester, bile salt, and poly(oxyethylene) alkylphenyl ether types of surfactants. After re-solubilization of the pellet with sodium cholate, the supernatant fraction contained P450 free from
b5 and the final recovery of P450 was about 40%. Thus, this two-step solubilization provides a simple method for the partial purification of P450 in microsomes.
View full abstract
-
Akira TAKADATE, Toshinobu MASUDA, Chiyomi MURATA, Akihiko ISOBE, Takes ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
753-756
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
6, 7-Dimethoxycoumarins having various reactive groups such as bromoacetyl-, hydrazinocarbonyl- and chlorocarbonyl- groups at 3-position on coumarin ring were synthesized for the construction of a fluorescent derivatizing reagent-kit for carboxylic acids, aldehyde/ketone, alcohol, phenol and amines. These reagents were evaluated from their reactivities with model compounds and fluorescent characteristics of products obtained. Of the reagents, 3-bromoacetyl- and 3- chlorocarbonyl-6, 7-dimethoxycoumarins were found to afford highly fluorescent products with above 0.8 in quantum yields for carboxylic acids, alcohol and aliphatic amines. It was found that the construction of reagent-kit by using a single fluorophore selected after consideration of its emission mechanism can be significant and useful as an approach for the efficient reagent development.
View full abstract
-
Kin-ichi TSUNODA, Toshiyuki YAGASAKI, Shoichi AIZAWA, Hideo AKAIWA, Ke ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
757-764
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Cation exchange and size exclusion high-performance liquid-chromatographic methods with postcolumn fluorescence detection using 5-sulfo-8-quinolinol were applied to the chemical speciation of aluminum in soil-extract samples. The addition of an appropriate amount of F
- to the postcolumn reagent solution makes it possible to eliminate the interference of F
- in a sample with Al
3+ detection. The reliability of this method was evaluated by a computer-assisted equilibrium calculation for aluminum species and ICP atomic emission spectrometry. Considerable parts of water-soluble Al
3+ (the Al
3+ fraction extracted into distilled water) in both sedimentary and granitoid soil samples were found to be complexed with organic substances. On the other hand, exchangeable Al
3+ (the Al
3+ fraction extracted into 1mol dm
-3 KCl) in granitoid soil samples was mostly free Al
3+
View full abstract
-
Mohamed E. MAHMOUD, Ezzat M. SOLIMAN, Ali El-DISSOUKY
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
765-769
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Chloromethylated polystyrene resin was chemically modified with ethylenediamine, diethylenetnamine and triethylene- tetramine to polystyrene-polyamine resins (I-III). The latter resins were further reacted with two formylsalicylic acid isomers, 3-formylsalicylic acid and 5-formylsalicylic acid, to produce the cross-linking polystyrene-polyamine- formylsalicylic acid resins (IV-IX). The possible chemical structure of I-IX was confirmed from the elemental analysis and FT-IR studies. The applicability of I-IX to extraction of Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was also studied by using the batch equilibrium technique in different buffer solutions and at different shaking time. Several trends were drawn out from the metal capacity values concerning the chemical structure of the amine and formylsalicylic acid moieties. The application of chelation ion exchange resins I-IX for selective extraction of certain metal ions was evaluated on the basis of the distribution ratio (D) showing the following order: D
Fe(III)_??_D
Cd(II)> D
Pb(II)>D
Cu(II).
View full abstract
-
Hayao SAKAMOTO, Junichirou TANIYAMA, Norinobu YONEHARA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
771-775
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Mercury in geothermal water samples, pretreated with ozone, was subjected to reduction-vaporization by use of tin(II) chloride. The mercury vapor was concentrated with a porous gold collector. Afterward, mercury vapor which had evolved from the heated collector was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). By using ozone as pretreatment agent, the time for the decomposition could be shortened and the blank value of mercury from reagents used was reduced. The permissible amounts of sulfide and thiosulfate ions, the main interference ions in reduction-vaporization of mercury, were 25 and 100mg dm
-3, respectively. It means that the present method provides an improvement in the permissible amounts of these ions by several hundred times in comparison with the methods using no ozone. Ozone was also found to be effective as the pretreatment agent for organic mercury. The present approach was proved to be satisfactory as the pretreatment of the quantitative analysis of ultra-trace amounts of total mercury in geothermal water samples.
View full abstract
-
Youichiro KAGA, Shin TSUGE, Kuniyuki KITAGAWA, Norio ARAI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
777-782
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A helium radiofrequency atomization and excitation source has been developed for direct determinations of trace elements in liquid and solid samples having a small size. The effects of NaNO
3 and NaCl on the emission intensity were studied for several elements using spectrometers and a high-speed video camera. In the presence of the matrix, enhancement effects were observed for Fe and Be, while depression effects were encountered for Cd, Zn and Pb. From temporally and spatially resolved emission images, it was concluded that these effects were related to changes in both the atomization and excitation processes, depending on the Ta sample cup temperature and excitation temperature of the analyte.
View full abstract
-
Toshio TAKAYANAGI, Shoji MOTOMIZU
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
783-789
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A temperature effect on ion-association reactions in an aqueous solution has been studied between nine kinds of aromatic anions and tetrabutylammonium ion (TBA
+). The ion-association constants (
Kass) were determined by analyzing the change in the electrophoretic mobility of anions, which was obtained by capillary zone electrophoresis, by a non-linear least-squares method. The mobility of the analyte anions decreased with increasing the amount of TBA
+ added in migrating solutions. The thermodynamic parameters in the reaction were obtained from the change in the
Kass values by the change in temperature. The values of the entropy change (ΔS°) were positive in the ion-association reactions of all of the anions examined, being in the ranges from 5.8 to 46.1 J K
-1 mol
-1; the contribution of TΔS° in the examined ion associates to the Gibbs free-energy changes is larger than that of enthalpy changes (-ΔT°), except for phthalate ion. The results suggest that some hydrated water molecules were released in the formation of such hydrophobic ion associates, as well as in the cases of previously reported inorganic ion associates.
View full abstract
-
Noboru KITAMURA, Shoji ISHIZAKA, Haeng-Boo KIM
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
791-796
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy on polymer particles and silica gels adsorbing tris(2, 2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), Ru(II), was conducted to elucidate the shape and size effects of an adsorbent on the spectrum. The diffuse reflectance light intensity (
f(r
∞)) was linearly correlated with the amount of the complex ([Ru(II)]) adsorbed on spherical polymer beads, amorphous-, or spherical-shaped silica gels as low as [Ru(II)]=10
-8mol/cm
3. However, the slope of a
f(r
∞) vs. [Ru(II)] plot was different between the adsorbents. The results were explained in terms of the different light scattering coefficient between the adsorbents, originating primarily from the different shape and size of the adsorbent.
View full abstract
-
Jun KAWAI, Hirohiko ADACHI, Yoshinori KITAJIMA, Kuniko MAEDA, Shinjiro ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
797-801
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
X-Ray photoelectron spectra were measured when the excited X-rays were impinged on a Ag surface with a grazing angle. The spectral backgrounds owing to the electron inelastic scattering in solids were lower when the incident X-rays were totally reflected than when the X-rays were not totally reflected. We developed a new method to estimate the electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP). The IMFP was estimated to be 1.00nm, which was one half of the usually accepted length, for 1630eV kinetic energy electrons in Ag from the reduction factor of the backgrounds of the total reflection X- ray photoelectron spectra.
View full abstract
-
Shinya KAJIYAMA, Kazuo MIYAMURA, Yohichi GOHSHI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
803-806
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
By monochromatically illuminating the tunnel junction between molybdenum disulphide and the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), the photo-induced tunneling current (
ΔI) was detected. By measuring
ΔI as a function of wavelength, the local absorption spectra of the molybdenum disulphide bulk crystal were obtained. This
ΔI was detected only when the potential of the sample was positively biassed. The modulation-frequency(f) dependence of
ΔI, i.e., the
ΔI-f characteristic, and the tunnel gap separation (s) dependence of the tunneling current (I) and
ΔI, i.e., the I-s and
ΔI-s characteristics, respectively, were measured, and the effects of the thermal expansion and capacitance of the tunnel junction were evaluated. The result revealed that the thermal effect can be neglected, while the effect of capacitance is non-negligible at a large-s region. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of
ΔI and the surface topography of the adsorbed iron phthalocyanine molecules were simultaneously obtained.
View full abstract
-
Masaaki IWATSUKI, Tomohiro KYOTANI, Satoshi KOSHIMIZU
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
807-813
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Thin-layer standard samples for the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of airborne particulate matter have been conveniently prepared by impregnating activated-carbon powder with standard solutions of the elements of interest and by drying it. Different amounts of standard solutions of the elements of 1.00mg ml
-1 each and a 0.01% surfactant (Tween 85) solution of 1.5ml are added to a fine powder of activated carbon of 5-10mg on a hydrophilized poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter. The suspension of carbon is dispersed by blowing air from a pump for 2-3min without bubbling and dried by IR irradiation for 10min without filtration. This filter with carbon is impregnated with a 0.02% polycarbonate dichloromethane solution of 0.3ml, followed by air-drying. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry of digestates from the prepared samples gave good recoveries of all the measured elements. The XRF intensities of the samples prepared repeatedly had reasonable reproducibilities. Calibration graphs with good linear relationships were constructed for 21 elements in the range of 0-50μg. The standard samples prepared were successfully used for the multi-element XRF determination of airborne particulate matter, in good agreement with the results of instrumental neutron activation analysis.
View full abstract
-
Kunihiro KISHIMOTO, Hiroshi NAKAMURA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
815-816
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2007
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Jose Luis VILCHEZ, Pedro ESPINOSA, F. Javier ARREBOLA, Antonio GONZ&Aa ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
817-819
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Huai-na LI, Yun-xiang CI, Lan HUANG
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
821-824
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Norio TESHIMA, Takuji KAWASHIMA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
825-827
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masataka HIRAIDE, Akihito MORISHIMA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
829-831
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Itsuko SUZUKI, Kohei TARUTANI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
833-836
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shoji IMAI, Mariko HARADA, Toshiyuki TANAKA, Yasuhisa HAYASHI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
837-840
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masami FUKUSHIMA, Toshio SENJUH, Masao SUMI, Naoto ASAMI, Toshio OGATA ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
841-844
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Toshimichi SHIBUE, Hisashi KAMBE, Hiroyuki NISHIDE, Yoko OHASHI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
845-847
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshihito OHBA, Noriaki SAKATA, Masaaki KAI, Kiyoshi ZAITSU
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
849-851
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hidetoshi ARAKAWA, Kunio UETANAKA, Akio TSUJI, Masako MAEDA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
853-855
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shoji TAGASHIRA, Yoshiko MURAKAMI, Shouji OTOBE, Yoshiaki SASAKI
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
857-858
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Jun-ichi ANZAI, Yuka KOBAYASHI, Hiroki TAKESHITA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
859-861
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Suwaru HOSHI, Kiyotaka KONUMA, Kazuharu SUGAWARA, Masayuki UTO, Kunihi ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
863-866
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kunio TAKADA, Tetsuya ASHINO, Kazuaki WAGATSUMA
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
867-871
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masatsugu KAJITANI, Takayoshi YAGISAWA, Toru SUGIYAMA, Yoshifumi AKAMA ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
873-874
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yumiko OSA, Yasuyo TOKUCHI, Saeko KAWANO, Kazuyoshi TAKEDA, Hiroaki TA ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
875-876
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Akio YONEDA, George R. NEWKOME, Yukio MORIMOTO, Shinichi OHFUCHI, Nori ...
1997 Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages
877-879
Published: October 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS