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Masatoshi FUJIMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
541-542
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2007
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Atsushi MIZUIKE
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
543-544
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2007
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Toshihiko TERAMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
545-546
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2007
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Thomas BÜHRER, Peter GEHRIG, Wilhelm SIMON
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
547-557
Published: December 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2006
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At present, neutral-carrier-and ion-exchanger-based ion-selective liquid membrane microelectrodes are available for the measurement of H
+, Li
+, Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, NH
4+ and Cl
-. Fundamental aspects, design features and limitations of microelectrodes are discussed and examples for their application in physiology are given. The most important characteristics are summarized in view of intra-and extracellular physiological measurements. The selectivity coefficients
KPotij with respect to the most common ions are compared to calculated values
Kpotij, max required for measurements in intra-and extracellular samples without significant interference. For intracellular microelectrode studies, these required values are fully met for H
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+ and Cl
-, while in the case of extracellular measurements H
+, Na
+, K
+ and Ca
2+ can be assayed adequately.
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W. Andrew NEVIN, Wei LIU
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
559-563
Published: December 10, 1988
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Dimerization of the redox species [cobalt(III) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine]
+ in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 has been investigated by variable-temperature spectroelectrochemistry. Data are obtained by using a new technique which utilises a fiber optic absorbance probe in conjunction with a bulk electrochemical cell. This method has several advantages over optically transparent thin layer electrode spectroelectrochemical cells, being applicable to low concentrations of aqueous solution or various high or low vapour pressure organic solvents. The technique is demonstrated for organic solution by following the reduction and oxidation of Ru (2, 2′-bipyridine) bis (3, 5-di-
t- butylcatechol) in
o-dichlorobenzene.
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S. K. KOKPOL, S. V. HANNONGBUA, N. THONGRIT, S. POLMAN, B. M. RODE, M. ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
565-568
Published: December 10, 1988
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linear models for the electronic structure-activity relations of primaquines based on molecular orbital calculations and pharmacological data observed in laboratory animals have been investigated. The optimized models seem to allow an evaluation of the antimalarial activity of primaquine drugs from calculated electron distributions of atoms while at the same time give strong indications about the active center of these and related types of antimalarial drugs.
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Tokuo MIZUNO, Kenji MATSUURA, Tatsuji KOBAYASHI, Kiichiro OTSUKA, Daid ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
569-573
Published: December 10, 1988
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A splitter for the frit-FAB LC/MS system utilizing gas pressure was recently developed in order to control flow to the frit. Stable flow rates down to 1-2 μl/min were observed for different solvents by adjusting the air pressure. Even when the LC flow rate was greatly changed between 50 and 2000μl/min, the flow rate to the frit hardly changed. Moreover, stable chromatograms with good reproducibility could be obtained by connecting the splitter to an ordinary LC.
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Suguru NAGAE, Takashi MIYAMOTO, Yoshiaki INAKI, Kiichi TAKEMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
575-578
Published: December 10, 1988
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Nucleotides and oligonucleotides could be separated by using silica-based supports on which immobilized were thymine (Si-Thy), uraci (Si-Ura), cytosine (Si-Cyt), adenine (Si-Ade) and guanine (Si-Gua) derivatives. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: Column: Si-Thy, Si-Ura, Si-Cyt, Si-Ade and Si-Gua; sample: nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides; column length: 150mm×4.6mm id.; eluent: 0.1M triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) aqueous solution (pH 6.8±0.2) containing acetonitrile; flow rate: 1.0ml/min; injection volume: 4-10μl; temperature: 35°C; detector: UV (254nm). These resins showed the ability of the selective separation of nucleotides and oligonucleotides by the specific interaction between complementary bases.
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Takeshi SUGAYA, Satoru NAITO, Shuhei YONEZAWA, Fujio MORISHITA, Tsugio ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
579-582
Published: December 10, 1988
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A simultaneous assay of two enzymes by a flow injection analytical (FIA) method using enzyme-immobilized open- tubular reactors in parallel is described. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied. This FIA system has an additional channel for evaluation and correction for the error resulting from pyruvate coexisting in sample sera. The results obtained by the FIA method corresponded well with those obtained by a conventional UV method. The recognition of the signal pattern from three channels of the FIA system will make possible the primary screening of diseases.
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Setsuko TODORIKI, Makoto TAJIMA, Mitsugi SENDA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
583-585
Published: December 10, 1988
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An enzymatic oxygen electrode method for the determination of polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine) in foods has been reported, in which the extract solution of the sample was incubated with putrescine oxidase. The oxygen consumption was detected with an oxygen electrode. This method was applied for fish meat samples and the results agreed well with those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. The limit of detection was 8×10
-6mol dm
-3 for putrescine in the extract. The applicability of this method for the quality evaluation of foods based on their content of polyamines is shown.
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Masatoki KATAYAMA, Yoshio MUKAI, Hirokazu TANIGUCHI
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
587-590
Published: December 10, 1988
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A new sensitive fluorometric method for the determination of uric acid is presented. Uric acid reacted with 4, 5-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (DMPD) after the oxidation using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to give a green fluorescence with excitation maxima at 350nm and 400nm, and an emission maximum at 500nm. By the use of the fluorescence reaction, uric acid in aqueous solution was determined in the range of 0.01-5.0μg ml
-1, and the relative standard deviation for 1.0μg ml
-1 uric acid was 0.51%(
n=10). The proposed method could be applied to the determination of uric acid in serum.
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Mamoru HARATAKE, Naotake OGAWA, Atsushi SUGII
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
591-594
Published: December 10, 1988
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Two series of quaternary ammonium type anion-exchange resins, one having an ω-oxoalky (-CO(CH
2)
n-) chain and one an ω-hydroxyalkyl (-CH(OH)-(CH
2)
n-) chain as a spacer arm, were prepared and their sorption behavior for phenols was investigated. The resins bearing longer spacer arms could effectively sorb some bulky phenolate anions in which methyl,
s-butyl or t-butyl groups were substituted at the vicinity of the phenolic hydroxyl group. The extent of sorption of phenols in an acidic medium, where phenols were sorbed physically but not by ion-exchange, changed with hydrophobicity of the phenols and was influenced by the difference in the chemical structure of spacers.
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Hiroaki NAKAYAMA, Satoshi TACHIYASHIKI, Etsuyo SHIMIZU
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
595-598
Published: December 10, 1988
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A new method has been established for purifying Methylthymol Blue (MTB; 3, 3′-bis[
N,
N-bis(carboxymethyl)- aminomethyl]thymolsulfonphthalein) by liquid-liquid distribution between 1-butanol and aqueous hydrochloric acid. A free acid form of MTB, H
6MTB•3H
2O, was easily obtained in large scale (10mmol) with good yield (70%) and high purity, free from Semi-Methylthymol Blue (SMTB) and iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The distribution ratios of MTB, SMTB and IDA between the two phases are also reported.
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Hidenari INOUE, Kenji FURUYA, Kyoko WATANABE, Keiko TANAKA, Tsuneo SHI ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
599-603
Published: December 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2006
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Copper(II) chlorophyll a and b, i.e. (pheophytinato a)copper(II) and (pheophytinato b)copper(II), were prepared and purified by semi-preparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The spectroscopic properties of these compounds, which so far have been little studied, are given in detail. Separation of copper(II) chlorophyll a and b is achieved with a C
18-bonded silica column and a mobile phase of acetone-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). A rapid and accurate HPLC method with visible detection at 425nm has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of copper(II) chlorophyll a and b. Both calibration graphs for copper(II) chlorophyll a and b are linear in the concentration range 0-10μg cm
-3. The detection limits of copper(II) chlorophyll a and b are 4.4ng cm
-3 within 3.1% relative standard deviation (RSD) (
n=10) and 2.3ng cm
-3) within 3.3% RSD (
n=10), respectively. The HPLC method proposed here has also been evaluated in comparison to the spectrophotometric method. This reversed-phase HPLC method can be performed within a short time period, thus facilitating an accurate routine assay of many samples.
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Masataka HIRAIDE, Masaru ISHII, Atsushi MIZUIKE
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
605-609
Published: December 10, 1988
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Iron may exist in river water as colloidal and suspended particles, generally associated with humic substances, clay and silica. A new Speciation scheme is proposed using sorption on the DEAE-Sephadex A-25 anion-exchanger and the indium-treated Amberlite XAD-2 resin as well as filtration. Several composite particles have been artificially prepared to simulate natural particles and their sorption behavior has been examined. In the river water examined, about half of the dissolved iron species (the fraction which passes a 1-μm filter) was negatively charged humic colloids, most of which contained clay, while the remainder were essentially inorganic colloids, which included negatively charged aggregates of hydrated iron(III) oxide and clay (or silica) as well as positively charged hydrated iron(III) oxide. The correlation of copper with iron is also discussed.
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Hideko KOSHIMA, Hiroshi ONISHI
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
611-615
Published: December 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2006
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Adsorption of chloro-complexes of metals on a commercially available β-cyclodextrin polymer was investigated. Gold(III) and thallium(III) were efficiently adsorbed from the solutions of low hydrochloric acid concentration, while iron(III), gallium(III) and antimony(V) were adsorbed from the solutions of high chloride concentration (hydrochloric acid or lithium chloride). The capacities of the polymer were 0.4-0.6mmol g
-1 for gold(III), thallium(III) and iron(III). Microgram amounts of thallium(III) could be separated from large amounts of iron(III) by using the polymer column. In addition, conditional formation constants for 1:1 complexes of β-cyclodextrin with chloro-complexes of gold(III), thallium(III) and iron(III) were determined spectrophotometrically.
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Hisao KOKUSEN, Kimiyuki SUZAKI, Kousaburo OHASHI, Katsumi YAMAMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
617-622
Published: December 10, 1988
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The extraction rate-controlled separation of nickel(II) from cobalt(II) with 5-octyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol (HO
8Q) and the kinetics of the extraction of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) with HO
8Q are described. The extraction rate was first-order regarding metal ions and HO
8Q, and was inverse first-order regarding hydrogen ions. The extraction rates were represented by -d[M
2+]/d
t={
kHL+
kL[H
+]
-1K
a}K
-1DR[M
2+][HO
8Q], where K
a and K
DR are the acid-dissociation constant of the hydroxy group of HO
8Q and the distribution constant of HO
8Q between chloroform and water, respectively. The values of
kHL were determined to be 4.2×10
3mol
-1 dm
3 s
-1 and 4.7×10
4mol
-1 dm
3 s
-1 for nickel(II) and cobalt(II), respectively, at 25°C and l=0.1mol dm
-3 (NaClO
4). The
kL are to be 7.1×10
8mol
-1 dm
3 s
-1 and 6.0×10
10mol
-1 dm
3 s
-1 for nickel(II) and cobalt(II), respectively, under the above-mentioned conditions. The rate-determining steps should be the competitive reactions of metal ions with the neutral and anionic forms of HO
8Q. The procedure for a rate-controlled separation of nickel(II) from cobalt(II) are as follows: A mixture composing ten cm
3 of the aqueous solution containing 3.00×10
-5mol dm
-3 metal ions and an acetate buffer at pH 4.6 was vigorously shaken with a 10cm
3 of 5.0×10
-2mol dm
-3 HO
8Q chloroform solution for 2min. The separation efficiency was more than 95%.
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Osamu YOSHIMURA, Kazumasa UEDA, Yoshikazu YAMAMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
623-627
Published: December 10, 1988
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2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-4-methoxyphenol (TAMP) forms a brownish 2:1 complex with iron(II) in the presence of ascorbic acid; the complex has a characteristic absorption at 784nm in chloroform. By utilizing this peculiar absorption, selective spectrophotometric determination of iron has been developed. The optimum pH for iron extraction lies between 5.0-9.3 and Beer′s law holds up to 5.0μg/ml of iron. Many type of ions are tolerable. The method was successfully applied to the determination of iron in river waters. The extraction constant of iron(II) complex was log
Kex=-2.50±0.12 and the extraction mechanism was kinetically investigated. The complexation rate was first-order with respect to iron(II) and TAMP concentrations and independent of ascorbic acid concentration. From these results, the major extraction rate-determining step was concluded to be a 1:1 complexation reaction between iron(II) and dissociated TAMP. Kinetic data and activation parameters for the first-order reaction were determined and discussed.
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Ryszard LOBINSKI, Zygmunt MARCZENKO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
629-635
Published: December 10, 1988
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A new method of flotation separation and preconcentration of vanadium traces is described. The ion-associate formed by the anionic vanadium(V)-3, 5-dinitrocatechol complex and Rhodamine B is floated with cyclohexane. The separated and washed compound readily dissolves in acetone, giving an intensely coloured solution which forms the basis for a sensitive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium. The molar absorptivity is 2.1×10
5l mol
-1 cm
-1 at 555nm and the detection limit is 3ng/ml. Beer′s law is obeyed up to a vanadium concentration of 0.3μg/ml. The composition of the floated compound was established. Its proposed formula is [(RB)
2]- [VO(OH)(DNC)
2]. EDTA, oxalate and some metals interfere. The method becomes specific for vanadium after a preliminary extraction of the metal as its
N-benzoyl-
N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) chelate from a HCl-HF medium. The method was applied to the vanadium determination (0.2-9ppm) in some vegetables.
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Takafumi HIRATA, Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Tasuku AKAGI, Hideyuki SAWATARI, Aki ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
637-643
Published: December 10, 1988
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Rare earth element (REE) determinations with high accuracy and precision were performed on four geological standard rocks (JA-1, JB-1, -2 and -3) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In order to achieve this, internal standardization, matrix matching or separation of REE from the matrix elements are recommended. In these analyses, REE data obtained by ICP-MS show excellent agreement (within 5%) with those obtained by isotope dilution method using thermal ionization mass spectrometer. Among these analytical methods of ICP-MS, the most reliable data can be obtained by analysis using a sample solution free from matrix elements.
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Yasuo ONARI
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
645-648
Published: December 10, 1988
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The flow injection analysis (FIA) of dissolved ozone was investigated by employing 2% potassium iodide-0.1% starch aqueous solution as a reagent. The sampling rate and the detection limit were improved compared with values obtained with potassium iodide aqueous solution as the reagent. The sampling frequency and the reproducibility of FIA signal were 105 samples h
-1 and RSD=0.28% (2.12mg dm
-3 O
3;
n=5), respectively. The
S/Nof FIA signal was good (0.24mg dm
-3 O
3;
S/N, 7.0), and the sub mg dm
-3 levels of ozone were easily detected. The kinetic order of ozone decomposition in water was examined by using this FIA. Application to the determination of ozone decomposition rate was achieved.
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Masahiro FURUSAWA, Motoji IKEYA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
649-651
Published: 1988
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Tsugio KOJIMA, Toshiyuki SUZUKI, Fujio MORISHITA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
653-654
Published: 1988
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Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Tadao KONISHI, Masafumi KAMADA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
655-657
Published: 1988
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Tadashi SEGAWA, Tamio KAMIDATE, Hiroto WATANABE
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
659-661
Published: 1988
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Akira SANO, Ikko NAKAO, Shoji TAKITANI
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
663-664
Published: 1988
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Keiji GAMOH, Hiromichi SAWAMOTO
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
665-666
Published: 1988
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Rokuro KURODA, Satomi ISHIMARU, Koichi OGUMA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
667-669
Published: 1988
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Masahiro KAWAHARA, Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Terumi NAKAJIMA
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
671-673
Published: 1988
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Katsumi UCHIYAMA, Keiko OHSAWA, Yoshihiro YOSHIMURA, Kazutoshi ARAI, K ...
1988 Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages
675-676
Published: December 10, 1988
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