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31 巻, 12 号
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藤森 正雄1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 618-625
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
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矢野 太刀也1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 626-639,615
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーIt is considered that the bioassay of serum antidiuretic substances (ADS) measures the combined effect of the neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and other antidiuretic factors (ADF).
In the bioassay of ADS using intact rats, antidiuretic action on the test animals is produced not only by ADH but also by other antidiuretic factors and the result does not show the value of ADH itself.
In our study on the bioassay of serum ADS in patients and animals using Birnie's method, it was strange that serum ADS in some patients with Diabetes insipidus does not show a low value. It has not been known whether or not, the increase of serum ADS in the bilaterally adrenarectomized rats is due to the increase of secretion of ADH and whether or not the increase of serum ADS in the hypophysectomized rats, 30 days after operation and in the hypophysecto-adrenarectomized rats are due to the compensated secretion of ADH from the hypothalamus!
It was assumed that the bioassay of serum ADS using the hypophysectomized rats was able to measure ADH itself. Hypophysectomized rats showed constant and sensitive antidiuretic reaction to the injection of the low unit of pitressin (Parke Davis). By this method of bioassay a certain amount of ADH was detected in the serum of normal subjects but no ADH was detected in the serum of patients with Diabetes insipidus. This result suggests the existent of the compensated increase of ADF in Diabetes insipidus. The value of serum ADH in the adrenarectomized rats were similar to the value in the normal rats, the value in the hypophysectomized rats, 30 days after operation, were zero and the value in the hypophysecto-adrenarectomized rats were almost zero.
From these observations, it has been shown that the bioassay of ADH with intact rat is influenced by the antidiuretic factors other than ADH. Therefore, hypophysectomized rat should be used for the bioassay of ADH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1993K) -
特に其の年令的推移に就いて本橋 賢二, 西川 光夫1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 640-644,615
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーGonadotropin in 24 hours urine from 30 females and 17 males was extracted by kaolin adsorption method and assayed by mouse uterine weight method.
Following results were obtained.
1) About 25% of gonadotropin was recovered by this method.
2) In the male between age 20 and 50, and in the female between age 20 and menopause, the value was more than 4 m.u.u. and less than 16 m.u.u..
3) In the females after menopause, the value of gonadotropin increased remarkably with age and reached its peak around age 60.
In the males after age 50, the result showed more individual differences than in the postmenopausal females, but the high values were obtained between age 60 and 70, and highest values were observed around age 70.
4) After age 80, most of them showed relative lower values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (836K) -
吉田 太郎1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 645-650,616
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of pituitary and adrenal cortical hormones on the metabolism of carbohydrate have been discussed by many workers. As to the actions of these hormones on carbohydrate metabolism, one claimed as related to insulin effect, while the other proved it as contra-insulin.
An attemt has been undertaken by the present author to solve this problem from the standpoint of what effects these hormones will have on the metabolism of carbohydrate when injected into rabbits treated with insulin on one hand and without insulin on the other. And in order to solve this controversial problem clearly, the author developed this experimental study as follows:
a) Determination of the insulin-requirement in alloxan rabbits.
b) Estimation of effects of these hormones on the fasting blood sugar levels and on the output of urine sugar in alloxan rabbits.
c) Estimation of effects of these hormones on insulin requirement in alloxan rabbits treated with insulin.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. In estimating insulin-glucose equivalent of alloxan diabetic animals, it is found that insulin-glucose equivalent for one unit of insulin is 1.10 gm.
2. The action of insulin on fasting blood sugar is not so direct as on urinary sugar, but in alloxan diabetic rabbit one unit of insulin has brought about an average lowering of 23mg.% in the early morning specimen of blood sugar.
3. In order to examine the influence of continued parenteral administration of these hormones of pituitary-adrenal system upon the output of urinary sugar in experimental rabbits, a fixed dosage of administration was given three times a day.
It is found that the quantity of urinary sugar has increased with the use of cortisone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), there is a decrease. To convert this increased or decreased urinary sugar into insulin-glucose equivalent of alloxan diabetic rabbit, the increase in insulin requirement for cortisone is 3.2 units a day, 2.7 units for ACTH and 0.4 unit for DOCA which is much lower in insulin requirement.
4. The influence of continued administration of pituitary adrenal hormone on fasting blood sugar in these experimental animals has revealed the fact that there are an average increase of 13 mg.% with cortisone and 38mg.% with ACTH respectively, but with DOCA there is a decrease of 36mg. percent.
5. When these hormones are given to insulin treated alloxan rabbits the output of urinary sugar increases in cortisone and ACTH but decreases in DOCA. To convert it into daily insulin requirement of experimental rabbits the dosage increased is 3.16 units for cortisone and 2.87 for ACTH, and for DOCA the decrease is 0.65 unit.
6. When observing the effect of pituitary adrenal hormone on insulin requirement or that of insulin on the sugar metabolism control of alloxan diabetic rabbit it can positively be demonstrated that either cortisone or ACTH has contra-insulin while DOCA has insulin effect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (974K) -
平田 幸正1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 651-653,617
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーIn 1931, du Vigneaud reported that the hypoglycemic action of insulin was abolished when it was mixed with cysteine or glutathione, which were sulfhydryl compounds, before administration. Later, Wintersteiner also observed in vitro inactivation of insulin by thioglycollic acid or thiolactic acid.
It had been reported by us that BAL or sodium thiolactate prevented the production of dithizone diabetes. The effects of these compounds on hypoglycemic action of insulin were further investigated, and the following results were obtained:
(1) When insulin was mixed with sulfhydryl compounds such as sodium thiolactate or sodium mercaptoacetate prior to the administration, its hypoglycemic action was partially or completely inhibited.
(2) When sodium thiolactate, BAL or sodium mercaptoacetate was administered prior to the insulin injection, similar inhibiting effects of these compounds on insulin hypoglycemic action were observed.
(3) No such effect of sodium thiosulfate was seen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K) -
1956 年 31 巻 12 号 p. 654-664
発行日: 1956/03/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1539K)
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