In order to determine the effects of malnutrition on certain tissues, rats were fed a deficient diet for 15 days. They lost 30% of their weight in this time. Tissue slices were then made from skin, muscle, spleen, liver, kidney, heart and stomach. These were placed in salt solution of varying concentrations (0.5, 0.85, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%) for 2 hours at 38°C and the degree of swelling determined by increase in weight. Other rats were given various medicines for 10 days (during 15 days semi-starvation) and then their tissues were studied in the same manner. The following results were observed:
1. The swelling ratios of the tissues of semi-starved rats are higher than those of normal rat tissues in any salt,solution.
(Swelling ratio=, where w
o=original wt. of tissue slice and w
t=weight after immersion for 2 hours iu salt solntion (pH 7.0) at 38°C.)
2 This variation is due not only to the amount of water in the tissue, but also to the variation of the molecular swelling capacity of tissue colloid, the osmotic function of the tissue cells, the pH in the cell, and the physico-chemical variation of the blood and tissue fluidwhich is caused by degeneration, probably by inflammatory degeneration of tissue colloid.
3. Every organ has its own curve of degree of swelling in the five different concentrations of salt suetion that I used.
4. We can see the following two kinds of swelling process in organ tissues.
5. In semi-starved rats, there is a certain degree of edema of the skin, but its grade is less than that of other organs, such as the spleen and the liver which are within the body. Swelling capacity is one of the principal causes of edema.
6. The influence of certain medicines upon the swelling ratio, the amount of water in the tissues, and the atrophic ratio of the organs of the semi-starved rat are following (Atrophic ratio=, where w
on=wt. of normal organ and w
os=wt. of organ after starvation)
a,“Koha”(sensitive colouring matter) has scarecely and effect in spite of its popularlty.
b,“Shiko”(another sensitive colouring matter) proves successful, especially in cellular organs (in the case of the liver, the curve becomes almost normal)
c, Vitamin B
1 has considerable effect on the liver, the heart, and the kidney, but on other organs has only a slight effect.
d, Vitamin O has an effect on all the organs which I studied, especially on muscular tissues.
e, Anterior pituitary hormone“Pre-hormone” has an effect on all the organs I studied especially the skin.
d, Thyroxin has no good effect, but even increases the swelling ratio of the organ.
e, Gelatin has an effect only on fibrous tissues.
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