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Volume 17, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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IV. Antigenic Analysis with Skin Test on Guinea PigsYuichi OCHI, Heiji SATO1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 167-170
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifteen strains of nonpathogenic acid-fast bacilli isolated from human being, cattle, swine, guinea pig and natural environment were examined for allergenic capacity, so that any critericm for classification of these acid-fast bacilli and any information on no-lesion reactors of cattle might be obtained. Crude tuberculins made from bovine and avian tubercle bacilli and suspensions of killed nonpathogenic acid-fast bacilli were tested as allergens.
As a result, it was found that 8 strains were capable of sensitizing guinea pigs to bovine tuberculin either strongly or weakly, and that 3 and 4 strains were capable of sensitizing guinea pigs to avian tuberculin strongly and somewhat weakly, respectively. Four of the latter 7 strains were indistinguishable from Mycobacterium avium in all biological characters, except pathogenicity.
The results of cross-sensitization experiments suggest the presence of a complicated antigenic relationship between the acid-fast bacilli. It may be possible, however, to divide these organisms roughly into, two groups, a saprophytic type and a type of avian tubercle bacillus.
In classifing acid-fast bacilli by allergenic capacity, it seems that the skin test is of little significance in guinea pigs when it is employed alone, because it occasionally gives results inconsistent with the otherbiological characters. On the other hand, when the skin test is carried out concurrently with some other tests, it will be a helpful aid to the classification of acid-fast bacilli.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
14) Artificial elimination of transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor by treatment with acriflavineM. KAMEDA, K. HARADA, M. SUZUKI, S. MITSUHASHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 171-175
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransmissible drug-resistance (R) factor was artificially lost by treatment with acriflavine. The loss frequency of R factor from Shigella was more higher than that from E. coli. There are two kinds of bacteria which is resistant to four drugs (CM, TC, SM and SA); R+ (CM. TC. SM. SA) SAr and R+ (CM. TC. SM. SA). Following elimination of R factor by treatment with acriflavine, the former becomes SAr cell and the later becomes R- (sensitive) cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
Ichiji MIFUCHI, Masaharu HOSOI, Yasutake YANAGIHARA1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 176-183
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the previous report, this investigation was made to ascertain the possibility of serial transferred cultivation for various leptospiral strains in the medium containing egg yolk lipid, and chromatographic technique was used to intend the separation of the growth supporting factor.
Egg yolk ethanol extract was maintained at -15°C, and resulting muddy precipitate was separated from the supernatant. Both of the precipitate and supernatant portion were dialysed and divided into three fractions, respectively, in the same way: emulsified aqueous fraction (A or D), acetone soluble fraction (B or E) and acetone insoluble fraction (C or F). Each fraction was added to the modified Korthof's basal medium, as described previous report, at the concentration of 10 7 and 100 7 per ml., and the growth supporting activity for Leptospira canicola was tested.
L. canicola inoculated to the medium containing emulsified aqueous fraction (A or D) of acetone insoluble fraction (C or F) could grow only limitedly, while in the medium containing acetone soluble fraction (B or E) the organisms could grow sufficiently and they could transferred serially to the third culture.
The activity of the acetone soluble fraction was ascertained with other strains: L. canicola, L. autztmnalis, L. hebdonuzdis, L. australis, L. pomona and L. icterohaenzorrhagiae. Only two among the eight strains, L. canicola and L. australis, could grow sufficiently and transferred serially up to the tenth culture successfully.
Consequently, an attempt to separate the growth supporting substances found in the acetone soluble fraction was carried out by use of silica gel column chromatography. Seven or eight chromatographic fractions were yielded and their activities for L. canicola were tested. The growth supporting activity of each fraction, however, decreased or lost, and even when all the fractions were mixed according to their yields, the restoration to the original activity was not obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1062K) -
II. On the antigenicity of tetanus toxoidKentaro KUBOTA, Eitaro WADA, Akio YAMAMOTO, Ryosuke MURATA1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 184-188
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the case of tetanus toxoid, only one type of the International Standard (plain) has been established. In this paper, experiments were carried out to investigate whether various kinds of tetanus toxoid can be assayed by this standard.
Guinea-pigs were immunized with graded doses of several preparations of the simple or combined vaccine including T., D-T, P-T., and P-D-T.
In the case of fluid toxoids, the circulating tetanus antitoxin reached maximum titer between 8 and 12 weeks after immunization, while, in the case of toxoids with adjuvants such as aluminiferous compounds or pertussis vaccine, maximum titers were obtained between 6 and 8 weeks.
The dosage-response lines of fluid toxoids and combined vaccines were proved paralell, while those of precipitated toxoids were not. Therfore, it was concluded that the precipitated toxoids could not be assayed against the fluid standard toxoid. In the case of the combined vaccines, it was possible to find the relative potency to the fluid standard. However, a tendency was observed that the relative potency may be different depending on the immunization periods, probably because of the differences in the process of antitoxin production. Therefore it is indicated that this may be an obstacle in the evaluation of combined vaccine against the present standard, although further experiments should be necessary to confirm this point.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Shonosuke MIYASAKI, Koichi KATO, Bunzo NOMIYA1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 189-195
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is said that Habu antivenin is not effective to prevent a patient from deformation which shall be produced by snake bite.
The authors obtained interesting results as follows;
By injection of half M. L. D. of the venom into mice, a slight necrosis was produced in the site, but it was recovered within 7 days.
After injection of one M. L. D. of the venom or slight more, intravenous injection of sufficient amounts of antivenin not only saved the mice from death but also improved the local lesion.
The sooner the antivenin was injected, the better the curative effects were expected.
In rabbit experiments, almost similar results were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1050K) -
Takeshi HOSHIAI, Shinkichi AKAO, Shozo TAMURA, Yasushi ISHIBASHI, Kanj ...1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 196-199
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of a new trichomonacide TRICHOFURON (Yamanouchi Co.), which is contained furazolidone and nifuroxime, upon the growth of T. vaginalis in vitro and in vivo were evaluated in the present studies. For in vitro studies, two strains of T. vaginalis which were maintained in cystein-bouillon-serum medium without accompanying bacteria were used. Chemically pure furazolidone was added into the medium in various concentrations, ranging from 10-2mg per ml to 10-5mg per ml. Complete inhibitory concentration of furazolidone for the growth of T. vaginalis was determined to be 0.002mg per ml. Growth of the organism was slightly inhibited at the concentration of 0.1γper ml. Besides furazolidone, nifuroxime which was said to be potent fungicide showed relatively strong inhibitory action on the growth of T. vaginalis. T. vaginalis infection in sexually mature female rats which were injected estradiole prior to the inoculation of the organism into vaginae was used for in vivo experiments. Suppository of trichofuron was introduced into vaginae of rats for successive ten days. By this treatment, T. vaginalis infection in rat vaginae was not cured completely in all of the cases, though in some cases the organism disappeared temporarily from vaginal discharge of the rats. In clinical experiment, two out of four cases were cured completely by the treatment in which suppository of trichofuron was used for successive 13 and 20 days respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
8e) Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis Ingested in Mononuclear Phagocytes obtained from Liver and Subcutaneous Tissue Immunized with Live VaccineIchiei SATO1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 200-208
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mice super-immunized with live vaccine of Salmonella enteritidis resisted intravenous injection with 1, 000 MLD of a virulent strain 116-54 of the same pathogen. The survivors of this challenge then completely resisted intravenous challenge with 10, 000 MLD of the same organism.
The mononuclear phagocytes obtained from the abdominal cavity of mice immunized with live vaccine of S. enteritidis inhibited intracellular multiplication of virulent strain 116-54, regardless of the presence of antibody in the cell culture medium.
The mononuclear phagocytes were obtained almost in pure state from liver or subcutaneous tissue of mouse and were maintained in vitro in good condition. And the cells obtained from the liver or subcutaneous tissue of mouse immunized with live vaccine of S. enteritidis also resisted the cellular degeneration caused by intracellular existence of virulent strain 116-54 regardless of the presence of antibody in the cell culture medium, whereas the cells obtained from normal mouse or the mouse immunized with dead vaccine did not.View full abstractDownload PDF (5797K) -
I. Effects of pH of Medium on Maintainance of Infectious Activity of Myc. Lepraemurium in VitroMasahiro NAKAMURA1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 209-212
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Hawaiian strain of Myc. lepraemurium was suspended in M/20 Sorensen buffer of different pH, i. e. 4.53, 5.91, 6.98, 7.73, and 8.30, respectively, and was incubated at 37°C. Two tenth ml of each stored suspension was subcutaneously inoculated to mice on the definite day after incubation in order to determine the maintainance of infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium in vitro, and mice tested were killed five months after inoculation.
The results obtained indicated that the infectious activities of Myc. lepraemurium were maintained in vitro at 37°C for three days at pH 6.98, and for 8 days at pH 7.73 also pH 8.30, respectively, whereas the activities were lost within 24 hours if the bacterial suspension was stored in the buffer pH 4.53 or pH 5.91 at 37°C. Therefore, alkaline medium would be more suitable than acid medium for maintaining the activities of Myc. lepraemurium in vitroView full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
II. Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation of M. phlei coated with the fat of guinea pigsSukeyoshi KUDOH1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 213-217
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the author presented tuberculosis-like changes of guinea pigs inoculated with M. phlei coated with liquid paraffin. In the present report, the experiment was made by the use of the fat of guinea pigs instead of liquid paraffin as adjuvant.
Fatty tissues of guinea pigs were collected, the crude fat was extracted by using ether, mixed with M. phlei, and inoculated subcutaneously to guinea pigs, in order to make comparison on the paraffin-coated one. As the result, similar phenomena were observed as in the case of liquid paraffin.
Furthermore, when M. phlei coated with the fat was inoculated intraperitoneally, the changes were severer than in the case of subcutaneous inoculation, presenting many abscesses and adhesions in peritoneal cavity, detecting many of M. phlei even 6 weeks later. Some of the animals died.
From the above results, it is very interesting to find that non-pathogenic acidfast bacteria produce some pathogenicity under the condition in which bacilli are coated with the fat of animals to be inoculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Part 6. Superinfection in Benign Mouse LeprosyYoichiro KAWAGUCHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 218-222
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs reported in the previous paper, during the course of investigation on mouse leprosy, this author encountered with the fact that subcutaneous nodules in hybrid mice from crosses between C57BL/6 and CF1 developed and reached to their maximum size in a comparatively early period, being followed by a marked regression. This type of mouse leprosy is same as “benign” previously designated by the author.
In the present experiment, these mice were infected subcutaneously with murine leprosy bacilli and. then superinfected subcutaneously at varying intervals after primary infection. When superinfection was made 2 weeks after primary infection, only a slight difference was noted in the size of leproma palpable at the challenged site between the two groups with and without the primary infection. However, in the cases of superinfection at 8 or 14 weeks, the development of leproma at the site of superinfection was markedly suppressed in the animals with the primary infection. These results therefore support the view that the regression in benign mouse leprosy is due to the developing immunity in those mice.
A similar tendency was observed in the subcutaneously challenged mice which had been previously infected intraperitoneally, although most of them died of severe visceral lesions caused by primary infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Saneshige ATA, Shozo ITO, Yasuzi NAKANO1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 223-228
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory studies on a new synthetic penicillin, dimethoxy-phenyl-penicillin-Na (Staphcillin), were undertaken and the following results were obtained.
1. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Staphcillin against a variety of organisms was essentially similar to that of penicillin G or Syncillin.
2. The sensitivity of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical materials to penicillin G varied greatly (<0.2 mcg/ml->100 mcg/ml), but was uniformly sensitive to Staphcillin (1.6-3.1 mcg/ml).
3. Minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G sensitive or resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus against penicillin G or Staphcillin was increased in accordance with the inoculum size. This phenomenon was evidently observed in penicillin G resistant strains against penicillin G, and in penicillin G sensitive strains against Staphcillin.
4. No effect of the presence of 50% bovine serum on the minimum inhibitory concentration using sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus was observed.
5. Whereas penicillin G was markedly destroyed by Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase, Staphcillin was extremely resistant,
6. Staphylococcus aureus promptly acquired resistance against penicillin G, but slowly and weakly against Staphcillin.
7. Maximum concentration of Staphcillin in serum following intramuscular injection occurred at 30 or 60 minutes and was rapidly disappeared in a few hours.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Mannosuke TOMISAWA1962 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 229-234
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCross precipitin reactions of 72 type sera of the Klebsiella group prepared by immunizing rabbits with living organisms were studied. The saline suspensions of organisms grown on an agar medium were heated at 100°C. for 1 hour, centrifuged, and the supernatants were used as type antigens. With a few exceptions, homologous precipitin reactions were easily distinguished from heterologous ones, since the formers tended to occur more rapidly and intensely than the latters, showing higher antigen and antibody titers. However, there were a few antigens which showed weak cross reactions but high antigen titers, probably due to the reactions with K antigens. Moreover, antigens showing weak and retarded cross reactions and very low antigen titers seemed to react with many type sera, probably due to the reactions with O antigen which contained within type antigens.View full abstractDownload PDF (998K)
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