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Volume 21, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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1. On the Fine Structure of Chlamydospore of C. albicans and C. stellatoideaTaisuke AKISADA, Junichi TOKUNAGA, Michiko KOBAYASHI1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study is to obtain a knowledge concerning the fine structure of chlamydospore in genus Candida (C. albicans and C. stellatoidea) which has not been manifested sufficiently.
The chlamydospore could be grown on the surface of the medium for chlamydospore formation abundantly that is composed of cornmeal extract, liver extract, starch and Tween 80. The cells were prepared as the materials for electron microscopy.
Specimens are fixed in a 2% potassium permanganate and a 1% osmium tetroxide, after serial alcohol dehydration, emedded in an epoxyresine mixture.
In order to obtain the best materials demonstrating the fine inner structure of chlamydospore cells. The materials sould be fixed in a 2% solution of potassium permanganate, buffered at pH 7.0 with phosphate buffer (at 0-2°C for 12-20 hours) than with an osmium tetroxide.
The results obtained were as follows.
The cell wall consists of the three layers. The outer and inner layers of cell wall are composed of electron dense materials and intermediate layer is lesser electron density. Furthermore, the inner layer which keep possession of greater part of cell wall, about 200-300mμ in average thickness, could be observed to laminated.
The boundary of the three layers of cell wall are observed more definite structure in chlamydospore of C. albicans than in chlamydospore of C. stellatoidea.
The cytoplasmic membrane, very thin, is observed in the mature spore but could not observed in the immature cell.
The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane with pore, it exists near the peripheral region of cytoplasm. The nucleolus like structure are observed as an electron dense region in the nuclearplasm.
The mitochondria with mitochondrial tubules are also present in peripheral region of cytoplasm in mature chlamydospore. The mitochondria bounded by a double membrane and inner mitochondrial tubules are also composed of parallel lamellae.
The endoplasmic reticulum could not observed in the fully developed cell, as the alternative, the vacuole structure occupies the greater part of cytoplsm which is characterristic of a spongoid structure and the othre include less dense plain matrix in it.View full abstractDownload PDF (15199K) -
Hiroko NIKAIDO, Sumio ARAI, Morio HOMMA, Nakao ISHIDA1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince mA strain, one of the isolates from the bronchial tract of normal mice, grows readily in the PPLO broth and produces hemolysin, the biological studies on this strain will help a foundamental understanding of M. pneumoniae on which our experiments are being carried. At present, we described about the isolation of PPLO from the mice, and the growth characteristics and some biological properties with mA strain. The results are summarized as follows.
1) PPLO was isolated from 16 cases out of 31 normal 10-month-old mice and none out of ten 3-week-old mice. All of the isolates were recovered from the bronchial tract and none from the heart blood. The titer of the PPLO in 10% suspension of the bronchial tract from which the PPLO was successfully isolated was between 104 and 105 per ml.
2) The growth of mA strain in Chanock's PPLO broth was excellent. The maximum titer reached 108 per ml by 2nd day after inoculation, then the titer decreased rather rapidly and the viablity was lost completely by 8th day.
3) Carbohydrate utilization pattern of mA strain was the same as that of M. pulmonis.
4) The mA strain did not grow in an anaerobic condition and produced α hemolysin for the guinea pig red blood cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Masatake KIMURA1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe modification of the formula of 0.9% trypsin broth which was devised by Gan and Tjia in 1962 for the differentiation of V. cholerae and V. eltor was investigated. According to the experimental results, the formula and method of preparation was modified as follows: trypsin (1:250, Difco) is suspended in 2% peptone water at the level of 0.4%, well mixed and stirred for 15 minutes, kept at a room temperature for one hour, then the pH of the medium adjusted to 7.4-7.6. After 1.2ml of 0.2% phenol red solution is added to 100ml of the medium, it is boiled for 10 midutes, filtrated with filter paper, and sterilized at 115°C for 15 minutes. Before using it, the medium is distributed into small test tubes in one ml quantities aseptically.
After incubation at 37°C for 18-24 hours, yellow coloration of the medium indicates V. cholerae, while deepred coloration of the surface layer of the medium indicates V. eltor. All cultural reactions are very clearcut and the reading is easy.
As the ingredient of this medium it is recommanded to use trypsin (1:250, Difco). All other samples of trypsin are inadequate for this purpose.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
3. On the Establishment of the Unique Syndrome in Rabbits due to Aspergillus fumigatusKazuo IWATA, Shigemi AWADAGUCHI1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 27-31
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe unique syndrome indicating the involvement of the central nervous and vestibular systems in rabbits caused by Candida albicans reported in the previous papers could also be established by Aspergillus fumigatus in a similar fashion.
In the case by A. fumigatus, the clinical course was more severe in symptoms and histopathological features than that by C. albicans.
Demyelination was also observed with inoculation by A. fumigatus. The lesion including demyelination were more frequently found in the cerebellum, whereas C. albicans produced most lesions in the cerebrum.View full abstractDownload PDF (4360K) -
Yoshio SAWAI, Yoshiharu KAWAMURA, Masaaki MAKINO, Tamio FUKUYAMA, Tosh ...1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 32-41
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMice and rabbits were immunized with Habu Snake Venom treated with equal amount of Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and Cocarboxylase or Dihydrothioctic acid (DHTA). After four weeks, 3 or 5 booster injections of untreated or DHTA treated venom were given weekly. And then, the neutralizing effects of the sera of the animals were tested. They were also challenged intramuscularly into the legs with the venom.
It was elucidated that those immunized animals were protected from local hemorrhagic and necrotic action and lethal effect of venom in considerable degree although the protective potency of the sera of the animals was lower than that of antivenin used for treatment of snake bite in man. As it was also confirmed that no side reaction was seen by the injection of DHTA treated venom, an active immunization of men was tried, injecting 5mg of DHTA treated venom divided into two at the interval of two weeks. The immunizing potency of the sera of vaccinated persons was almost the same as that of the animals. Thus, it was suggested that DHTA inactivated toxoid of habu venom was proved to be useful for prophylaxis against the legion caused by Habu snake bite.View full abstractDownload PDF (4308K) -
Atsushi OZAWA1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 42-48
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhile the constancy of normal enteric flora and its resistance to superinfection has been observed rather frequently, little is known about the underlying mechanisms.
The present paper suggests that the mechanism by which E. coli inhibited the growth of S. flexneri in CF cultures and, by implication, also in the intestine might be based on competition of these bacteria for fermentable carbon sources under the prevailing highly reduced conditions. It will be shown that antagonism by a resident E. coli against newly introduced strains is abolished in the presence of a fermentable carbon source which can be metabolized by the new inoculum but not by the established flora. It was concluded that a resident strain resisted replacement because it was there first and was already adapted, which much of the invader strain was washed out during the period of adaptation. There was no evidence of inhibitory substances active against invader strains.
The present work adds further evidence to earlier observations that the environmental conditions in CF cultures reremble those in the intestinal tract of man and animals. The results are discussed with respect to the qualities which a normal enteric flora must possess in order to resist the invasion of enteric pathogens.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 49-59
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1582K) -
1966 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 60-80
Published: January 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3235K)
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