Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi

Studies on the Heterologous Immunogenicity of Mycobacterial Cells

II. Separation of the Heterologous Immunogenic Substance from BCG Cells

Kanzi TSUCHIYA, Toshiyuki YAMASAKI

1965 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: January 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.20.1

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Separation of active substance from BCG cells for heterologous immunity was tried.
Free and bound-lipids were extracted by the method of Ledere and Asselineau. Thereafter, the defatted cells were treated first in the buffer of pH 4, then pH 7 and finally pH 9 for fractionation, followed by the treatment of Pronase-P. The enzyme treated bacterial residue was oxidized with NaIO₄ and then reduced with NaBH₄.
The presence of heterologous immunogenicity in each fraction was tested, comparing with intact cells. Mice injected with Drakeol suspended fraction intraperitoneously were challenged with intravenous staphylococcal infection.
Heterologous immunogenic activity was recognized in the residual fraction of NaIO₄-NaBH₄ treatment.
The activity was also noted in phenol-extracted residue, urea extracted residue and cell wall. Through these finding, the heterologous immunogenic substance of BCG cells is different from the known lipopolysoccharide of Gram-negative bacteria or zymosan.

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Studies on Serratia Marcescens

Clinical Cases of Infections due to S. marcescens

Keiichi SAITO

1965 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 5-13
Published: January 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.20.5

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The isolation of six strains of Serratia marcescens from infections subsequent to massive administration of antibiotics is reported in this paper: from three cases of respiratory tract infection, from two cases of post-operative infection, and from one case of intestinal tract infection.
And, some evidence in the etiological role in the infection due to Serratia marcescens is presented from the point of resistance to antimicrobial agents.

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Studies on the Pathogenicity of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

I. Oral Administration in Monkeys and the Application of the De-Test

Takeshi TERAYAMA

1965 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 14-20
Published: January 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.20.14

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For the purpose of determining the pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the author intended to made 2 experiments on the bacterial cultures derived from the same strains. viz., 1) The oral administration test of V. parahaemolyticus in monkeys. 2) The De-test, a unique inoculation technique using a live rabbit small intestine. In this test the animals were sacrificed at the certain intervals of time, then observed both visualy and histopathologically.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) None of 14 monkeys showed any clinical symptoms suggesting enteritis, which occured in the case of human enteritis caused by this organisms.
2) In the autopsy of the De-test on the rabbit, it is observed that the exudate began to accumurate in the ligated loop of the intestinal tract, at about 6 hours post-inoculation and remarkable edema was appeared. The degeneration of the mucous membrane cells were observed histopathologically at about 9-12 hours, followed by the necrotic changes.
3) The results of De-test observed at 24 hours post inoculation of V. parahaemolyticus were resembling to that of induced by El Tor vibrio.
4) It is presumable from the results of De-test that the pathogenic substance of this organism is a relatively thermolabile component of the bacterial cell.
5) It was clarified that the De-test is one of the useful procedures for judging the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus.

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Immunological Studies on Snake Venom

I. Comparison of Venoms from Genus Trimeresurus Inhabiting the Ryukyu Islands

Seiji SADAHIRO, Kiyosumi YAMAUCHI, Satoru KONDO, Hisashi KONDO, Ryosuk ...

1965 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: January 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.20.21

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Comparisons were made on the lethal and hemorrhagic activities and immunological specificities of venoms from the snakes belonging to genus Trimeresurus (Crotalidae).
The venoms from T. flavoviridis found in the Amami Islands, the island of Okinawa and Kume, and from T. elegans in the Yaeyama Islands were not different significantly with respect to the specific lethal and hemorrhagic activities. The specific activities of the venoms from T. okinavensis in the Amami Islands and from T. tokarensis in the Tokara Islands were lower than those of the four different snake venoms of the two species mentioned above.
The neutralization tests, agar-gel diffusion and immuno-electrophoresis, using an antivenine against Habu venom from the Amami Islands, indicated little difference in immunological specificities among the venoms from T. flavoviridis collected in different islands.
The hemorrhagic activities of the venoms from T. elegans, T. okinavensis and T. tokarensis were neutralized by the Habu antivenine, while the lethal activities of these were not neutralized. Immunological specificities of these venoms, as revealed by the immuno-electrophoresis and agar-gel diffusion tests, differed from that of T. flavoviridis.
In view of the above findings, the specific antivenine against each venom should be administered for the treatment of poisoning by venom of any species of genus Trimeresurus.

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Studies on the Experimental Shigella Infections in the Monkeys

V. On the Clinical and Pathological Observations in the Young Monkeys Introduced Orally with Destroyed Dysentery Bacilli into the Stomach or Administrated with a Small Amount of Dysentery Bacilli

Nagao HAYASHI, Shigeo IWAHARA

1965 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 27-30
Published: January 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.20.27

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On the experiments of Shigella infections, normal and pretreated animals were infected with multiple drug-resistant strains of Snigella flexneri 2a (Komatsu strain) or 3a (Miyata strain) by its introduction directly into the stomach.
The pretreatments which the animal received were as follows.
(1) Oral administration with CM and CaCO₃ into the stomach.
(2) Intravenous injection of sonicate (50mg, wet weighit).
(3) Injection of sonicate (400mg, wet) into the duodenum.
On the other experiments, the only sonicate of Shigella flexneri (26.7g, wet) or French press destroyed organisms (165mg, wet) were introduced directly into their stomach.
The total animals used in these experiments were ten young monkeys weighing about 1kg.
Number of live organisms introduced were 2.5×10⁵∼2.4×10⁸.
The results were as follows.
(1) The animal (M17) was injected directly with the sonicate (400mg, wet) into the duodenum. 5 hours later, it was introduced with living cultures of 6×10⁶ into the stomach.
This animal showed fatal changes. It was considerd that the symptom was more serious than dysentery
(2) Symptoms of dysentery were not observed with the animal (M16) which is injected intraveously with sonicate (50mg, wet) and body temperature fell down from 38.9°C to 35.6°C within a few minutes after the injection.
(3) Clinical changes were not observed with other animals.

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