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Volume 23, Issue 3
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Genji SAKAGUCHI1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 155-164
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1. Morphological and Biological Properties of the StrainsKazuo IWATA, Tohru EDA1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 165-171
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper the authors reported that of 395 strains of staphylococcus freshly isolated from the various clinical specimens, eight strains were coagulase-negative but deoxyribonuclease-positive; particularly, the E 46 and E 97 strains were very stable in DNase production without any decrease by successive transfers and exhibited a high virulence for mice by intraperitoneal inoculation.
In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms of action of these two strains in experimental infections, the authors investigated their morphological and biological properties in detail in comparison with the two strains of each typical species of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, which were also simultaneously isolated. The following results were obtained.
The E 46 and E 97 strains were almost identical with each other in every attribute with a slight difference of grade in biological activities. The distinctive characters of the both strains were as follows:
Circular, smooth, glistening colonies on heart-infusion agar. Diffuse colonies in serum soft agar. Capsule-like structure observed. Ribitol and anhydroribitol demonstrated. Coagulase-negative in both tube and slide tests. DNase-positive. Lysozyme-positive. Egg-yolk test positive. Fibrinolysin-positive. Phenolphthalein phosphatase produced. Trace of or no α-lysin produced. Acid from mannitol. In addition the strains E 46 and E 97 proved sensitive to a variety of antibiotic but resistant to sulfa (sulfisoxazole).
From all the results obtained, these strains may be regarded as a very unique staphylococcus that possesses the intermediate characters between those of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and also as a special type of S. aureus losing an ability of coagulase-production.
The authors also discussed on the current classification method for staphylococcus in view of appearance of such unique strains which are coagulase-negative but DNase-positive and highly virulent for mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Teruaki SEKINE, Yoriko YABE, Koodo MORI, Mozo SAGAWA, Masaharu KUROKAW ...1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 172-175
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-staphylococcal factor, δ-factor, was taken out, in a partially purified form, from human serum. The properties of the factor and the purified fraction were discussed.
The anti-bacterial activity of the factor was lost by dialysis. It was, however, recovered when the dialyzed inside and outside portions had been mixed together. The inactive inside one was reactivated by adding barbital buffer solution.
The factor was purified by zone electrophoresis and DEAE cellulose column chromatography.
The activity of the purified fraction was 10 times higher than that of the original serum. There was no activity of complement or antibody in the fraction. The active fraction was separated from lysozyme electrophoretically.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Tokito TOMINAGA1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 176-183
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial diseases showing light-brown stripes on the foliage were found in bromegrasses (Bromus marginatus, B. catharticus) and wheatgrasses (Agropyron intermedium, A. trichophorum) in Japan. As a result of experiments on bacteriological characters and pathogenicities, the causal organisms were all identified as Pseudomonas setariae (Okabe) Savulescu. It is for the first time that P. setariae was found to attack the above plants under natural conditions. It has been reported that P. setariae can infect various other grasses, such as meadow fescue, velvetgrass, and teosinte, when inoculated by artificial spraying, suggesting a wide host range.
Goto et al. (1952) asserted that P. setariae was a synonym of P. panici (Elliott) Stapp. For the time being, however, it seems more reasonable to consider that these species may be two separate ones. Further studies are required to make sufficient evidences favorable for this opinion.View full abstractDownload PDF (2498K) -
Studies on the Relationship of Tribes Streptococceae, Lactobacilleae and PropionibacterieaeKohtaku HAYASHI, Michiko MIMURA, Yuko NAKABE1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 184-190
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaxonomy and reorientation for family Lactobacillaceae and family Propionibacteriaceae (Bergey's Manual) were studied from the view point of Adanson's theory, Sneath's similarity value and Hayashi's (one of the authors) concept of center species which was calculated from reciprocal mean similarity value. The results obtained are as follows.
1. Genus Lactobacillus
All species in genera Lactobacillus, Catenabacterium, Ramibacterium and Cillobacterium, except Cillobacterium combesii, should be included in one genus. The new genus which includes the four genera described above should be named Lactobacillus according to the nomenclature code. Eubacterium crispatum also should be placed in the genus Lactobacillus.
2. Genus Cillobacterium
Since Cillobacterium combesii should not be included in the genus Lactobacillus, this species constitutes genus Cillobacterium.
3. Genus Eubacterium
Eubacterium lentum only constitutes genus Eubacterium. Other species of the genus should be included in genus Butyribacterium, because all of them produce butyric acid from carbohydrate.
4. Genus Butyribacterium
Butyribacterium rettgeri and 18 species in Eubacterium should be included in Butyribacterium, because they have high similarity value reciprocally.
5. Genus Propionibacterium
The Bergey's classification of genus Propionibacterium is proper.
6. Genus Zymobacterium
Only one species, Zymobacterium oroticium, constitutes properly genus Zymobacterium.
7. From the general consideration, three genera, Lactobacillus, Cillobacterium and Eubacterium, should constitute tribe Lactobacilleae.
8. In family Coccaceae, tribe Lactobacilleae should be separated from tribe Streptococceae.
9. Tribe Lactobacilleae and tribe Propionibacterieae should be proper to constitute family Lactobacillaceae.
10. Family Propionibacteriaceae should be subordinated to tribe Propionibacterieae, and three genera, Butyribacterium, Propionibacterium and Zymobacterium, should constitute this tribe.
11. Relationship between the classification of Bergey's Manual and the authors' proposal is presented (table 6).
12. From the general consideration of the results, the authors suggested that the family Lactobacillaceae might contain four tribes, Lactobacilleae, Propionibacterieae and two unknown tribes.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
I. Chitin Contents of the Cell Wall of Several FungiIsamu TANI, Kanji KII, Mikiharu MORI1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 191-199
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cell wall of many fungi contains chitin a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. During the course of a study concerned with the surface structure of fungi, a number of fungal whole cells and their purified cell walls were analysed to measure their chitin contents. This report presents the results of quantitative analyses of chitin in several fungi and their susceptibility to phenol in relation to the changes of chitin content followed by the length of incubation (4-20 days).
The results are as follows.
1) Both the glucosamine hydrochloride obtained by hydrolysis of the chitin and standard D-glucosamine hydrochloride revealed identical absorption curves showing a distinct maximum value at 530mμ. The results are shown in Fig. 2.
2) For this experiment, 4 fungal strains (Asperillus niger IAM 2020, Geotrichum candidum IFO 6454, Penicillium chrysogenum IFO 4626, Trichophyton rubrum IFO 5467) were used. Chitin contents of dry whole cell and purified cell wall were estimated quantitatively on each of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 daycultures which were grown in either synthetic or Sabouraud's medium by shaking culture. It was found that the chitin content increased gradually with the day of incubation. In addition to this, the chitin contents of 8 and 16 days old culture of all fungal strains were determined in purified preparations of cell walls which were obtained by means of sonic treatment. The purity of the cell wall was examined with several microscopic methods, such as fluorescence microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. The results are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, Photos 1 and 2 and Table 1.
3) During 4-20 days incubation time of fungi, the changes of pH in the medium and the dry weight of ethanol precipitate of culture filtrate were estimated. The results are shown in Fig. 5 and Table 2.
4) Without regard to the age of cultures or their chitin content, the susceptibility to phenol of two fungi (i.e. A. niger IAM 2020, G. candidum IFO 6454) was not changed. The results are shown in Table 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (3030K) -
IV. Relationship between Inoculum Size and Antibody Production in Artificially Inoculated SwineSatoru OTSUKA, Kenji MANAKO, Ryoichi MORI, Hidefumi KUNIHIRO, Ichiro M ...1968 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 200-204
Published: March 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn their previous paper, the authors mentioned that the duration of production of 2-Mercaptoethanol (2ME)-sensitive antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus was variable in naturally infected pigs. In order to elucidate the relationship between the virus dose and the duration of 2ME-sensitive antibody production, pigs were inoculated experimentally with varying doses of Japanese encephalitis virus. Some of them were inoculated subcutaneously with 1ml of 10-1 or 10-2 dilution and 1ml of 10-4 or 10-5 dilution of a pooled virus of 107.3 LD50/0.03ml, and found to produce 2ME-sensitive antibody for two and four weeks, respectively. After these periods, the antibody became 2ME resistant. Thus, the results obtained from this experiment indicate that the larger the dose of inoculum given, the sooner 2ME-resistant antibody was produced. They may explain the difference in antibody response between the naturally infected pigs in 1966 and those in 1967.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K)
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