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Volume 17, Issue 9
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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III. Fractionation of the Acid-Precipitating Substance wit Ammonium Sulfate and In Vitro Antigenicity of the FractionsShizuo TAKAGI, Takeshi HIRONAO1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 761-765
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acid-precipitating substance (S-A) of B. anthracis was fractionated into three fractions (F-1, F-2 and F-31) by the addition of ammonium sulfate and by the subsequent adjustment of pH and the antigenic activities of these fractions along with some other properties were studied. All the fractions showed differences in titers to anti-B. anthracis serum and differences in stability of antigenicity both to heat and to trypsin digestion. From these results, it is assumed that each one of these fractions may consist of different kinds of antigenic components. The absorption tests showed the difference in antigenic component between fraction F-1 and the remaining fractions. The agar diffusion precipitation tests confirmed this, but at the same time, the tests showed that fraction F-2 contained part of the component of fraction F-3. Fraction F-2 gave at least two precipitation lines, one of which was slim and connecting with the precipitation line of fraction F-3. The common antigenic properties of these fractions appeared to be somewhat influenced by heat and by trypsin digestion.
On the ultraviolet absorption tests all the fractions showed absorption peaks suggesting the presence of protein. With respect to contamination of nucleic acids, all the fractions showed throughs between 255 mμ and 265 mμ and no absorption peaks at 260 mμ. The throughs, however, were not very deep and contamination of nucleic acids in these fractions could not be completely neglected.
Paper electrophoretic analysis of S-A and fraction F-3 revealed that the former contained several components having different electrophoretic mobilities, while the latter showed one component migrating towards the anode.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
III. On the Transferability of Drug Resistance from a Resistant Strain of Shigella to a Sensitive Strain of Escherichia in vivoKazuo IWATA, Masanosuke YOSHIKAWA, Hiroko MOTOE1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 766-769
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors isolated the three (SA·SM·CM)-resistant strains of Escherichia coli from the feces of mice inoculated orally with a resistant strain of Shigella flexneri 3a and two (SA·CM)-resistant strains of unidentified gram-negative, lactose-non-fermenting rods.
Drug resistance of the former 3 resistant strains was transferable in vitro to a drug-sensitive (SA·SM·CM) strain which was resistant to tetracycline; however, the drug resistance of the latter two strains were not transferable
cf.: SA=sulfisoxazole, SM=streptomycin, CM=chloramphenicol.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
II. Abortive infection and host killing effectYasuo MIZUGUCHI, Tohru TOKUNAGA, Toyoho MUROHASHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 770-773
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of the abortive infection of mycobacteriophage was studied on the series of adsorption tubes set up at varying multiplicities of infection in the system of D 29 and Myc. phlei-Yoken.
After 60 minutes of adsorption at 37°C, assay was made on the total infectious centers, the number of unadsorbed free phage particles and the surviving bacteria. It was observed that nearly 90% of the phage particles was adsorbed and the number of unadsorbed phage particles was almost equal to that of the total infectious centers regardless of the phage imput ratio. This fact indicates that all of the adsorbed phage particles were inactivated, even though nothing was known on what step of infection the inactivation took place.
On the other hand, the number of survival bacteria decreased obviously in accordance with the increasing of the multiplicity of infection. The expected number of surviving bacteria calculated by means of binominal distribution in assumption of that the all adsorbed phage particles resulted in killing of the bacteria was not equal to the actual one. It seems likely that this result is due to the unavoidable clumping growth of Myc. phlei in liquid medium. From these results it was revealed that the abortive infection of phage D 29 to Myc. phlei-Yoken resulted in not only inactivation of the phage particles but also the death of the host cells.
The relation between the host killing effect of phage and the spotting method of phage typing of Inycobacteria was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
Selective enrichment medium containing desoxycholate and a high concentration of NaClTaketoshi ARAI1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 774-778
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composition of selective enrichment media for the isolation of Choleravibrio was investigated. Freshly isolated strains of Vibrio El Tor can withstand high concentration of NaCl (3-4% in peptone water) and a certain level of desoxycholate. Therefore, alkaline peptone water (pH 8.4) containing 3% NaCl and 0.0125% Na desoxycholate was tested for its activity of selective enrichment comparing with alkaline peptone water.
30 strains of freshly isolated El Tor vibrio could grow well in this medium after 24 has. incubation: the growth of E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria was considerably suppressed, but the inhibition of Proteae was not so high. Selective plating media which contain bile salts or desoxycholate such as alkaline SS, medium or desoxycholate medium must be used on the isolating procedure from this enrichment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1985K) -
Part III. Modified Standard Methods Agar for enumeration of dairy lactobacilliRyozaburo IRIE, Nobuhiro YANO, Toshiki MORICHI, Hiroshi KEMBO1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 779-781
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral cultures of Lb. bulgaricus and Lb. acidophilus which did not grow satisfactorily on Standard Methods Agar for dairy products grew well when the medium was supplemented with “tween 80” 1g/l, L-cysteine 0.1g/l, and lactose 1g/l.
Colony counts obtained on the supplemented agar plates agreed well with the direct microscopic clamp counts.
Plate 1 and 2 in the photograph show the colonies of Lb. bulgaricus B-1 developed on Standard Methods Agar and the supplemented agar respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1582K) -
I. Antibacterial Activity of Various AnimalsHarutoshi ONO1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 782-786
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntibacterial activity of human, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mice serum to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhi were carried out. The results obtained were as follows:
Multiplication of Staphylococcus aureus was observed in serums from human, guinea pig and mice. However, in experiments with rabbit serums and serum from rats, no sign of multiplication was evident. Pathogenicity of Staphylococci was differentiated in only human serum by difference of multiplication.
Salmonella enteritidis multiplicated in serums from rabbit, guinea pig and mice. Pathogenicity was. differentiated by antibacterial activity of rabbit and guinea pig serums.
Multiplication of choleraesuis in serum from rabbit and mice was observed and its natural resistance run parallel with each serum antibacterial activity.
Salmonella typhi multiplicated only in mice serums.
Serum antibacterial substance to Staphylococci does not belongs to the same substance as to Salmonella enteritidis.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
III. The Action of Resistant Escherichia coli on ChloramphenicolSadao MIYAMURA, Naoya SHIGENO, Tsuyoshi WATANABE1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 787-792
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the chloramphenicol inactivation by E. coli had been found markedly in the natural and transferred resistant strains, the action of the resistant E. coli on chloramphenicol was examined by the cup. plate assay. It was very active at 40-45°C and after 4hours, 50μg per ml of chloramphenicol werecompletely inactivated by the bacterial suspension. The action of bacteria was destroyed after heating at 60°C for 30minutes and was markedly stimulated by low concentration of glucose and peptone. The substance concerned with the action was intracellular and spheroplasts of the bacteria produced by penicillin, glycine and LiCI, also presented the activity.
From the infrared spectra on the decomposition products, it appeared that the major pathway employed by the resistant E. coli for decomposition of chloramphenicol would be an oxidative processView full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
R MF31 factor that segregates several types of R factorSanjuro TANAKA, Tadamichi OSUMI, Hajime HASHIMOTO, Susumu MITSUHASHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 793-796
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported that many types of drug-resistant E. coli, Shigella, and E. freundii were isolated in the field survey and seven types of transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor were isolated. In the study of drug-resistant E. coli from the patients afflicted with tuberculosis, carriers of several types of R factor were found. The RMF31 factor obtained from this survey was transmissible by conjugation and able to confer drug-resistance to TC, CM, SM and SA. From the segregation of RMF31 factor, R (CM·SM·SA), R (TC·CM), R (SM·SA) and R (CM) were obtained, which were all transferable by conjugation except R (SM·SA) factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K) -
Mechanism of the clearance of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity of mice passively immunized with antiserum (I)Kazuhisa SAITO, Masayayu NAKANO, Fujio OKITSU, Daizo USHIBA1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 797-801
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the immunity of experimental infection of mice with Salmonella enteritidis, two kinds of mechanism were differentiated by previous studied; the role of O antibodies seemed to control the clearance phenomenon of bacteria inoculated into the peritoneal cavity, whereas the inhibition of intracellular growth of bacteriawas regarded to be of cellular nature.
The local clearance phenomenon of bacteria was investigated by inoculating 32P-labelled organisms into the peritoneal cavity of mice passively immunized with anti-O serum, and by phagocytizing peritoneal cells of mice in vitro with organisms in the presence of antiserum. In the experiment with 32P-labelled organisms, the distribution of radioactivity within 6hours was not different between immunized and normal mice, but the number of living organisms in the peritoneal cavity was markedly decreased in immunized mice during that period. When peritoneal fluid was centrifuged, much higher radioactivity was detected in cell components (sediment) in immunized mice compared with normal mice.
These results, together with data of the in vitro phagocytosis experiment, indicate that bacteria are rapidly phagocytosed and killed by peritoneal cells in the presence of antiserum, but not in the presence of normal serum. The antiserum alone showed no, if any, antibacterial action without living cells in the in vitro experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Ryozo AZUMA, Keiji OGIMOTO, Tsuneji SUTO1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 802-806
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGood results were obtained in anaerobic culture of Clostridium and others by using steel wool, which was now available in Japan, as a substitute for iron wool used in Parker's anaerobic culture.
In order to obtain anaerobiosis rapidly, the optimal concentration of CuSO4 7H2O, that of Tween 80, grade of steel wool and so on were examined. Two jars (3 and 4 liters, respectively) with cock were used and anaerobiosis in these jars was measured by hand-made open legged manometer at about one hour intervals.
The most effective procedure is as follows: Ten grams of steel wool of grade O per 3 liters of jar volume is soaked into 500ml of 1.2% CuSO4 7H2O solution, which also includes 0.08% Tween 80 or sugar ester and is adjusted to pH 1.5 with conc. H2SO4, till the decoloration of the solution results in (for 0.5 to 1 minute). Then steel wool is transferred into the far containing alkaline-methylen blue indicator in a bottle and plates inoculated. At this time, small volume of H2 gas is produced, so that removal of air equivalent to it is preferable before sealing of jar.
By the above established method, good growth of many strains belonging to pathogenic Clostridium, L. bifidus, and V. alcalescens was attained. However, as to isolation of ruminal bacteria, the result by this method is inferior to that of Hungates rolled tube method.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
II. Changes in the susceptibility to antibiotics of the strains of bacteria tamed by culturing with fraction from A. SativumDaiji MANO1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 807-810
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy treating the extract of A. Sativum with dehydrated alcohol and further fractionating this extract with ether. it has been found that a soluble portion of the fractions has an inhibitory action on the bacterial. growth. Therefore, this fraction is added to the culture medium and to this medium various strains of bacteria are inoculated and cultured for several successive generations to obtain each tamed strain that grows up to the concentration containing 50mg/ml of them. These tamed strains are employed for the purpose of studying the changes in their susceptibility to three antibiotics, penicillin (Pc), streptomycin (SM) and trichomycin (TM). The results are as follows.
1. Susceptibility of the tamed Staph. aureus 209 P to Pc is decreased down to 500-fold that of the original strain, but its susceptibility to SM is not so markedly altered. In the case of tamed E. coli itssusceptibility to SM is down to about 10-fold that of the original strain and likewise in C. albicane the susceptibility to TM is about the same showing no marked change.
2. In order to see synergistic effect of the soluble fraction of the A. Sativum extract with antibiotics, Pc, SM, and TM at different concentrations are mixed in common agar medium and Sabouraud agar medium and to such media is added the fraction in the concentration at which it does not inhibit the growth of the bacteria (the original strain) serving for this purpose. In the ensuing bacterial culture it has been found that no synergistic action at all can be recognized with any of these antibiotics.View full abstractDownload PDF (781K) -
I. Intradermal Reaction by Each Diluted Concentration in AptigenNozomu ASAMI, Kaoru MIURA1962 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pages 811-813
Published: September 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCorrelations of intradermal reaction by the use of human leprosy bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli and tuberculin were investigated on sensitized animals either with heat-killed human leprosy bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli or tubercle bacilli.
The results were obtained as follows:
1. The human leprosy bacilli and murine leprosy bacilli had different antigenicity.
2. In order to analyse the intradermal reaction by the use of bacterial cell, it was necessarity for the experiment to use at least the three grades of diluted antigen.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K)
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