Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi
Online ISSN : 1882-4110
Print ISSN : 0021-4930
ISSN-L : 0021-4930
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Volume 70, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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  • Current status of bacteriological studies at prefectural and municipal public health institutes in Japan
    Hiroto SHINOMIYA, Kazuko SETO, Jun KAWASE, Kentaro ARIKAWA, Keiji FUNA ...
    2015 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 309-318
    Published: May 30, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.70.309
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Prefectural and municipal public health institutes are located in prefectures and ordinance-designated cities in Japan, and play a vital role in the regional surveillance of infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses. These institutes, in close cooperation with national institutes such as the National Institute of Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Health Sciences, construct the national surveillance network for infectious diseases and their causative agents. Bacteriological examinations and studies on a variety of infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses are core activities of prefectural and municipal public health institutes, through which novel and important bacteriological findings have been acquired. In this article, we report the latest findings regarding bacteriological examinations/studies and interesting cases at these institutes, especially concerning foodborne illnesses, tuberculosis, and antimicrobial resistances.
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  • Molecular targets of bacterial effectors and toxins that underlie vulnerability to diseases
    Takeshi SHIMIZU, Yukako FUJINAGA, Akiko TAKAYA, Hiroshi ASHIDA, Toshio ...
    2015 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 319-328
    Published: May 30, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.70.319
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Pathogenic bacteria produce a variety of effectors and/or toxins, which subvert target cell/tissue functions in the infected hosts. Some of those effectors/toxins also perturb host defense mechanism, thereby making up more complicated pathophysiological conditions. Such bacterial effectors/toxins may have been positively selected during evolution because they directly strike vulnerable points in the host system. In turn, this indicates that systemic exploration of molecules and signaling pathways targeted by bacterial effectors/toxins provides a powerful tool in digging up an unexpected Achilles’ heel(s), malfunctioning of which gives rise to disorders not restricted to infectious diseases. Based on this viewpoint, this review shows molecular basis underlying host susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases through the studies of host molecules targeted by bacterial effectors and toxins.
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  • Infectious diseases in Asia/International collaboration in bacterial infectious diseases
    Mitsutoshi SENOH, Masatomo MORITA
    2015 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 329-332
    Published: May 30, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.70.329
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Proactive approaches to collect precise information are necessary to control infectious diseases in the whole world. A collaborative research for infectious diseases with institute or university of countries that infectious diseases occur is one of the good approaches. In this paper, we introduce collaborative researches on infectious diseases with Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, and India.
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  • Recent advances in the field of oral bacteriology
    Mikio SHOJI, Toru TAKESHITA, Fumito MARUYAMA, Hiroaki INABA, Kenichi I ...
    2015 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 333-338
    Published: May 30, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.70.333
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The oral cavity is inhabited by more than 600 bacterial species; these species compete for nutrients or coexist in order to survive along with the indigenous population. Extreme conditions are prevalent in the oral cavity, and these conditions are influenced by our immunity and variations in nutrition, temperature, and pH. Pathogens that cause dental caries or periodontal disease can survive in these extreme environments; these pathogens are virulent and can cause several diseases. Therefore, research on oral bacteriology is warranted to analyze the virulence factors of these bacteria as well as to ascertain environmental stress responses, interactions between bacteria and human immunity, comparisons of bacterial genomes, and oral microflora. In this review, we provide new data in the fields of bacteriology, immunology, and genomics and describe recent advances in the field of oral bacteriology.
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