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Volume 28 (1973)
- Issue 6 Pages 489-
- Issue 5 Pages 401-
- Issue 4 Pages 357-
- Issue 3 Pages 315-
- Issue 2 Pages 213-
- Issue 1 Pages 22-
Volume 28, Issue 6
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Ichiro TAKAZOE1973 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 489-497
Published: November 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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II. Serological Typing, Virulence for Mice and Susceptibility to Antibiotics of P. aeruginosa originated from Experimental Animals and NatureKatsumi KAWAHARAJO, Tadahiro WATANABE, Takahiro ISHII, Sanae YAMAKI1973 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 499-505
Published: November 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 431 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originated from such laboratory animals as mice and guinea pigs, domestic animals, and nature were examined for serological typing, virulence for mice, and susceptibility to six antibiotics by the agglutination method of Homma et al., the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous infection of mice, and the plate dilution method, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) Of the 431 strains, 428 (98.4%) were agglutinated with only one type serum and 6 (1.4%) with 2 type sera, but 1 (0.2%) was not agglutinated with any of the type sera. Changes in serotype of P. aeruginosa occurred to 24 (5.9%) of the 405 strains which had been preserved for about 85 days by subculturing several times on heart infusion agar slants.
2) Of 380 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from mice and guinea pigs, 374 were typed into serotype 10. Of 51 strains isolated from dogs, cattle, and pathological specimens from animals, soil, and water, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 3, 2, 22, 3, and 5 strains belonged to serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively.
3) The 431 strains of P. aeruginosa were examined for virulence for mice. The median of LD50 values by intraperitoneal infection was 106 viable cells per mouse within a range from 5.0×104 to 9.9×107, while that by subcutaneous infection was 107 viable cells per mouse within a range from 1.0×105 to 9.9×108.
4) The 431 strains of P. aeruginosa were tested for susceptibility to 3', 4'-dideoxykanamycin B (DKB), gentamicin (GM), carbenicillin (CB-PC), chloramphenicol (CP), polymyxin-B (PL-B), and colistin (CL). Most of them were susceptible to from 6.25 to 12.5mcg/ml of DKB, 12.5 to 25mcg/ml of GM, 100 to 200mcg/ml of CB-PC, 6.25 to 25mcg/ml of PL-B, and 125 to 1, 000 units/ml of CL. About 50% of these strains were susceptible to 400mcg/ml of CP, but the other strains were resistant to the same dose of CP.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
2. Gas ProductionKeiu NINOMIYA1973 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 507-512
Published: November 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Prévot's Manual (1966), gas production is one of the important characteristics for the identification of anaerobic cocci. No methods of examining gas production, however, were described in this manual.
Comparison was made on gas production among Rosenow cysteine medium (Buttiaux et al., 1966), GAM semisolid medium (Nissui) with vaselin seal, VF deep agar (Lebert et al., 1952), and VL deep agar (Buttiaux et al., 1966). Nineteen reference strains obtained from the ATCC, NCTC, and Pasteur Institute (Lille, France) and 133 strains isolated from clinical materials in the author's laboratory and the Juntendo University Hospital were used.
Ten of the 19 reference strains produced visible gas in GAM semisolid medium with vaselin seal at one day of incubation. The gas production of these 10 strains in other three media required incubation of two or three days.
The other nine strains produced no gas in four kinds of media by 14 days of incubation.
Of 133 strains isolated from clinical materials, 86 produced gas in Rosenow cysteine medium and GAM semisolid medium with vaselin seal, but 26 strains produced no gas in either medium by 14 days of incubation. Gas production of 21 strains was observed in the latter medium, but not in the former medium by 14 days of incubation. In VF deep agar, 12 of these 21 strains produced gas, but the other nine strains produced no gas by 14 days of incubation.
Thus the results of examination of gas production were influenced by the kind of media and the incubation time, so that confusion in the identification of the species was unavoidable. If the above 21 strains are considered to produce gas, 14 strains of them will be identified as Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, 1 strain as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and 6 strains as unidentified. On the other hand, if they are considered to produce no gas, they will consist of 6 strains of Peptococcus anaerobius and 15 unidentified strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
1. Survey of the Principal Action on Candida albicans CellsKazuo IWATA, Hideyo YAMAGUCHI1973 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 513-521
Published: November 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe minimum growth-inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clotrimazole, a synthetic antifungal agent, the chemical and common names of which are 2, 4-bisphenyl-[2-chlorophenyl]-1-imidazolyl methane and BAY b 5097, respectively, ranged from 0.5 to 4μg/ml against clinical isolates of Candida albicans. This agent proved to be fungistatic at about MIC (2μg/ml) and fungicidal at higher concentrations (above 20μg/ml) to growing cultures of the Candida albicans 6713 strain as a main test organism.
Cultures treated with the drug were osmotically stable. The drug had no effect on the endogenous respiratory activity of intact C. albicans cells or the oxidation, as well as the coupled phosphorylation, by isolated mitochondria thereof with exogenous NADH and succinate as substrates. It caused a marked decrease in cellular dry weight in short periods following the addition at fungicidal concentrations.
Studies with radioactive precursors revealed that a marginal fungicidal concentration of clotrimazole inhibited syntheses of protein, RNA, DNA, lipid, and wall polysaccharides by intact cells, particularly protein and RNA. Even with higher levels of the drug, however, its effect on endogenous or poly U-directed polypeptide synthesis from cell-free extracts was consistently negative.
Cells treated with the drug showed a conspicuous decrease in RNA content, but the addition of the drug to crude cell-free extracts did not cause RNA breakdown. The minimum fungicidal concentration of the drug caused a marked enhancement of leakage of intracellular phosphorous compounds into the ambient medium with concomitant breakdown of cellular nucleic acids. Acceleration of K+- efflux in treated cells also occurred to the corresponding extent.
From these results it is presumed that clotrimazole may primarily display its action by damaging the permeability barrier, possibly through the reaction with the cell membrane, of sensitive organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (929K) -
1973 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 523-532
Published: November 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1342K)
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