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Volume 17, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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3rd Report. Immunological studies on StaphylococcusKosaku YOSHIDA, Kozo SUZUKI, Yoshio ARAI1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 95-100
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmunoserological relationship between antigenic fractions extracted from Staphylococcus aureus and anti-Staphy. aureus rabbit serum were carried out by sensitized-blood cell haemagglutination reaction and anaphylactic contracting reaction of the isolated guinea pig's ileum passively sensitized with anti-Staphy. aureus rabbit serum. The results obtained were as follows: Antigenic fractions were obtained from Staphy. aureus (A-11) and Staphy. epidermidis (B-12) by the modified method of Verway. By chemical analysis Fraction-A-1 and A-2 was nucleoprotein, Fraction B was protein, Fraction C was polysaccharide and Fraction R was crude nucleoprotein. Coagulase was also prepared by Blobel's method. Tannic acid red cell haemaggulutination reaction was most sensitive when nucleoprotein was used as the sensitized antigen, next crude extraction, purified coagulase, protein and polysaccharide. Cross reactions were also observed with nucleoprotein, polysaccharide and protein derived from Staphy. epidermidis.
Remarkable anaphylactic reaction of the isolated intestine of the guinea pig passively sensitized with anti-Staphy. aureus rabbit serum was observed by adding crude extract, protein-fraction or nucleoprotein fraction, but not a reaction was observed with polysaccharide or purified coagulase. However, intestinal anaphylactic reaction was also observed with crude extract and protein-fraction of Staphy. epidermidis. These facts suggest that common antigenicity exists in protein fraction of Staphy.aureus and Staphy. epidermidis.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
III. Biological Characteristics 2Yuichi OCHI, Heiji SATO1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 101-106
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acid-fast bacilli were examined for the capacity of utilizing carbohydrates and organic acids as the carbon sources and sensitivity for antibiotics. The results obtained are asfollows.
1. In general, most of the saprophytic strains were capable of utilizing more kinds of carbohydrates as carbon sources than the human or animal strains. The capacity ofutilizing carbohydrates, however, was of little value as criterion in classifying these acid-fast bacilli. Of the substances examined, monosaccharides and and sugar alcohol were utilized by most of the acid-fast strains as carbon sources. On the contrary, disaccharides and organic acids were utilized by only a few of the strains.
2. Oxalate was utilized as carbon source only by a type of Mycobacterium smegmatis which is define as an organisms growing at 47°C and failing to survive heating at 60°C for one hour.
3. Of 72 strains examined, all were resistant to 100γper ml of para-aminosalicylic acid and 66 to 100γper ml of isoniazed. Colored strains were more sensitive for streptomycin than colorless strains. There was a tendency that the strains which were intermediate betweenthe smooth and the rough type in colonial morphology were strongly resistant to streptomycin.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
VIII. Immunization of RabbitsKyuzo SATO, Kazuo OKADA, Kazuko KIKUTA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 107-111
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe immunization of rabbits was realized following the inoculation ofBacterium tularensevaccines. The immunogenic potencies of the vaccines made from living organisms were higher than those made from killed culture.
The pathological changes induced by the challenge of the organisms in the immunized animals were found slight and the distribution of the organisms in the lesions was sparse, as compared with that of control animals.
Not all of the survived animals of the immunized group showed an extremely high agglutinin titer at the time of challenge but some of them showed a lower titer on the contrary. This seems to indicate that the agglutinin has some relation to the degree of animal protection but it has no direct relation to the protective substance against the infection withBacterium tularense.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
13) Natural elimination of transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor on storage in the coldK. HARADA, M. KAMEDA, M. SUZUKI, S. MITSUHASHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 112-114
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor was spontaneously lost on storage from R+cells. It was found that there was segregated or complete loss of R (CM. TC. SM. SA) factor from R+ (CM. TC. SM. SA) cells. FromE. coliEO-1 R+ (CM. TC. SM. SA), E. coliEO-1 R-, R+ (SM. SA) and R+ (TC) were obtained. From these results it will be strongly suggested that R (CM. TC) factor from R+ (CM. TC. SM. SA) cells and R (CM) and R (TC) factors from R+ (CM. TC) cells are segregated.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
II. Studies on homotransplantation immunity by means of the clearance of challenged bacteria from adoptively immunized mouse peritoneal cavitiesTakehisa AKIYAMA, Satoshi SHIRONO, Kazuhisa SAITO, Daizo USHIBA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 115-122
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs reported in a previous paper, intraperitoneally infected virulentSalmonella enteritidisorganisms were promptly cleared from the abdominal cavity of recipient mice which had been transferred with mesenchymal cells of donor mice hyperimmunized with killed organisms of the same strain. The effectiveness of of transfer, however, disappeared within a week or so.
In the present study, we attempted to clarify the mechanism of disappearance of transfer effect with the following results:
1. In the suckling mice transferred withhomologous immune cells within 12 hrs. after birth, the transfer effect was found throughout the experimental period of 27 days.
2. When the transfer was made among the adult mice of an inbred strain dd/Ks its effectiveness continued for more than 110 days after transfer.
3. A temporary ineffectiveness of transfer was frequently observed, when the cells were transferred into 20 to 25 day old mice, This unexpected result was assumed to be due to decreased concentration of gamma globulin in recipients of those ages, which had compelled them to consume not only normal gamma globulin but also the adoptively formed antibody.
4. In the recipient mice pretreated with either cortisone or total body irradiationwith 400 r of Xray, the transfer effect was observable for more than 20 days.
5. The effectiveness of transfer disappeared within 3 days, when the recipients had been sensitizedwith homologous normal cells 12 days prior to transfer. All the above results seemed to support the assumption that the disappearance of the effectiveness of of transfer may be ascribable to the development in recipients of homotransplantation immunity against the transferred cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
IV. Pyocine activity of the Endotoxin Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosaYuzuru HOMMA, Nachiko SUZUKI, Seiko FUKUYAMA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe endotoxin was obtained from the autolysate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has very weakpyocine activity against several kinds of strains. The constituents of the endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex and DNA-RNA-polyribose phosphate complex, have no pyocineactivity. Isolated protein moiety (Orig. endot.-P) from the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex, however, has strong pyocine activity against various kinds of strains. The simple protein (LSAS) isolated from the cell wall of the bacteria has the same potency of pyocine activity and has the same spectrum against sensible strains as the protein moiety (Orig. endot.-P) derived from the autolysate. The lipopolysaccharide moiety of the endotoxin has nopyocine activity and it is easily combined with the protein (LSAS or Orig. endot.-P) and masked the pyocine activity of it.
The LSAS anti-serum as well as the Orig. endot.-P anti-serum can neutralize the pyocine activities of the two proteins (LSAS and Orig. endot.-P) by each other. Absorption tests reveal the pyocine activities of both proteins are identical. The anti-serum of the lipopolysaccharide moiety can not neutralize any pyocine activities of both proteins. According to the results, it can be concluded that the pyocine isthe protein part of the endotoxin and that the activity may be masked in the cell wall of the bacteria as a result of combining with lipopolysaccharide.View full abstractDownload PDF (1107K) -
Ichiji MIFUCHI, Masaharu HOSOI, Yasutaka YANAGIHARA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 130-134
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFreeze-dried egg yolk was extracted with 95 per cent of ethanol and this alcoholic extractwas dialysed against distilled water. The turbid non-dialysable inner fluid was used as the starting material for this experiment. The inner fluid was freeze-dried and then devidedinto three fractions; an ether insoluble fraction, an acetone soluble fraction and an acetone insoluble fraction.
Leptospirae, used to investigate the growth supporting activityof these materials, were L. canicola, L. australis and L. icterohaemorrhagiae. The used medium was a modified Korthof's basal medium which was supplemented with 200γ/ml of asparagine and 0.2γ/ml of thiamine hydrochloride. The non-dialysable inner fluid was added at the concentration of 0.6-5.0 per cent as substitute for rabbit serum. The freezedried material of inner fluid or other each fraction was used at the concentration of 10-100γ/ml, replacing rabbit serum.
When the non-dialysable extract was added to the basal medium, L. canicola and L. australis showed the similar growth as in the serum-added medium, and seemed to be able to grow in the subculture using the same medium. However, L. icterohaemorrhagiae could slightly grow in the first culture at the addition of lower concentration.
It was found that the growth supporting activity for L. canicola exsisted in the acetone soluble fraction of egg yolk extract, and that the ether insoluble or the acetone insoluble fraction could support the Emitted growth. On the contrary, L. icterohaemorrhagiae could grow only in the medium containing the acetone insoluble fraction, and the acetonesoluble fraction deteriorated the growth of it.View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
I. On the Antigenic Structure of 7 Strains of Mycobacteria (H2, Nakano, BCG, Ravenel, A. F., Grass bacillus and M. phlei)Eiichiro SUMIKAWA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 135-143
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Seven mycobacterial strains tested (H2, Nakano, BCG, Ravenel, A. F., Grass bacillus and M. phlei) have at least one antigen in common, which is referred to as antigen Iin this paper.
2) M. phlei and Grass bacillus have one antigen in common specific only for these 2 strains. This antigen is referred to as antigen II.
3) H2strain and Nakano strain of human type tubercle bacilli and BCG and Ravenel strain of bovine typetubercle bacilli have one antigen other than antigen I in common which is referred to as antigen III in this paper. Antigen III is not detectable in mycobacterial strains other than human type or bovine type of tubercle bacilli.
4) On the other hand, mycobacterial strains other than human type or bovine type of tubercle bacilli have an antigen in common which is lacking in the latter 2 strains. This antigen is referred to as antigen V.
5) Two bovine strains, BCG and Ravenel, have a type-specific antigen, which is referred to as antigen IV.
6) To sum up, the antigenic structures of the 7 mycobacterial strains tested are as follows:
H2and Nakano strain (human type)=I, III
BCG and Ravenel strain (bovine type)=I, III, IV
A. F. strain (avian type)=I, V
M phlei and Grass bacillus (saprophytic mycobacteria)=I, II, V.View full abstractDownload PDF (4739K) -
IV. Biological characters and coagulase action of the small colony mutant ofStaphylococcus aureus, resistant to streptomycinDaiji MANO, Masaru KAWAKAMI1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 144-148
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy culturingStaphylococcus aureusFDA 209P, Nos. 19, 31, and 36 strains in a neutralbouillon broth supplemented with 1, 000 r/ml of streptomycin, SM-small colony mutants were obtained. These mutants were classified into two groups according to the phase of their size, and their biological characters as well as coagulase action were studied. The results are as follows.
1. As for the decomposition of glucose and lactose by these mutants there could be recognized no change of these sugars as with the parent strain, but in the case of decomposition ofd-mannitol there was a tendency of delay.
2. Coagulase action differed considerably according to different strains and also there was a phase of low resistance to sodium chloride.
From these findings it has been deduced that the small colony mutant results from the changes in the metabolic functions ensuing the nutrient requirements necessitated by enzyme inhibitory action of streptomycin.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
I. On the antigenicity of diphtheria toxoidShoichi KAMEYAMA, Kiyoto AKAMA, Akiharu ITO, Ryosuke MURATA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 149-153
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDepartmento f Bacteriologyl I, National Institute of Health, Tokyo The potency of toxoid should be assayed against to the International Standard Toxoid. Two Inter. national Standards have been already established for diphtheria toxoid, i. e. plain and adsorbed, but no standard has yet appeared for pertussis-diphtheria combined vaccine. No detailed reports have been published concerning with the dosage response curve of combined vaccine. This report is the summary of many results carried out in past several years to improve the potencytest of combined vaccine.
The dosage response lines of combined vaccine were parallel with that of plain toxoid, but not of precipitated one.
Addition of various amounts of tetanus toxoid to the pertussis-diphtheria vaccine did not influence. the diphtheria antitoxin production.
The relative potencies of combined vaccines to the plain standard were almost similar when tested 4 to 6 weeks after immunization.
From these results, it is suggested that the assay of the potency of combined vaccine shall be able. to perform against the plain standard toxoid in terms of relative potency.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
I. Intrapulmonal and subcutaneous inoculation of saprophytic acidfast bacteria coated with liquid paraffinSukeyoshi KUDOH1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 154-161
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany reports have recently been made upon the so-called atypical mycobacteria. But some ofthem are considered to be those which are difficult to differentiate from the non-pathogenic acidfast becteria except for the pathogenicity on the human. It is probable that, undera certain condition, the non-pathogenic acidfast bacteria temporarily produce virulence.
In this paper, the author tries to clarify this problem. M. phlei and non-chromogenic strain isolated from sputum as a saprophytic strain, were mixed in liquid paraffin on the living condition. Then this mixture was injected intrapulmonally and subcutaneously to guinea pigs to be compared with the suspension in Aq. dest.
The results were as follows:
Severe lesions similar to tuberculous ones were frequently observed in the lung and other organs macro-and microscopically. Histologically, they were epitheloid cell tubercles, containing many round cells and having the nature of miliary abscess.
In the case M. phlei coated with liquid paraffin was inoculated subcutaneously, the bacilli were detected from the organs for a longer time than in the case of water-suspended bacilli.
Further results of the experiment will be reported in the next paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (4114K) -
Toyoho MUROHASHI, Konosuke YOSHIDA1962 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 162-165
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour week old BCG culture on egg slant was preserved at room temperature and was examined on the recoverbility of BCG cells by checking their viability and stainability after various preservation periods. Estimation of the total and the assumably viable cell numbers per0.1ml was made by employing the authors' estimation formula and the stainability of the cells was examined by the malachitegreen-fuchsin staining.
Results revealed that the decreasing trend of the recoverbility accompanied with the preservation period, i. e. the ratio between the actual viability and the estimated number of the recoverable cells, has shown lineality on the normal probability paper as the function of the square root of the preservation day. This straight line seems to be available for the estimation of the viability or the determination of the adequate concentration of the bacterial suspension to obtaincountable colonies from the egg slant cultures of BCG or tubercle bacilli preserved at room temperature for a rather long period of time.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K)
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