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Volume 26, Issue 7
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shozo KOTANI1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 247-287
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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I. Penetration through the Egg Shell and Multiplication of the Organisms in Egg ContentsYotaku GYOBU, Shigeichi YAMAZAKI, Mitsuhiro ISHIKURA1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 288-293
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the cause of the contamination of eggs with Arizona, experiments were conducted concerning penetration through the egg shell and multiplication of the organisms in egg contents. The following results were obtained.
1. When eggs were soaked instantaneously into Arizona-grown broth and dried on filter paper, it took 10 days for the organisms to penetrate the egg shell and reach egg yolk. Once the organisms reached egg yolk, they began to multiply rapidly. The cell count attained 108/ml both in egg yolk and in white within 1 or 2 days.
2. The penetration rate of the organisms was relatively low at a humidity ranging from 50 to 90%, whereas it became strikingly high at a humidity of 95% or over. This difference seemed to be related to the fact that the survival rate and mobility of the organisms on the egg shell differed greatly over a wide range of humidity.
3. The organisms grew and multiplied more markedly in egg yolk than in egg white. The optimal temperature for growth was approximately 37C in egg yolk, but it was characteristically around 25C in egg white. These results clearly indicate that Arizona can penetrate the egg shell and grow in the egg contents under suitable conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
II. Administration per os of the Organisms to Chicks and HensYotaku GYOBU, Shigeichi YAMAZAKI, Mitsuhiro ISHIKURA1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 294-297
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the possible relationship between contamination of eggs with Arizona and infection of hens with the same organism, bacteriological and serological observations were made on experimentally infected chicks and hens. The results obtained are summarized as follows.1. Four hens were administered twice with 40 and 400mg of organisms per head, respectively, at an interval of 20 days. In them, excretion of the organisms continued only for 24 hours after the first, and for 2 to 7 days after the second administration. Autopsy was performed 20 days after the second administration and revealed no organisms in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, ovary, oviduct, or intestine.
2. Groups of 1-, 7-, and 14-day-old chicks were administered with 1mg of organisms per 36g of body weight. At autopsy, the inoculated organisms were isolated from various organs only in the group of a day-old chicks.
3. Neither hens nor chicks produced serum anti-O or anti-H antibodies against Arizona before or after the experimental infection.
These results suggested that the contamination of eggs with Arizona may, in general, not be attributable to the infection of hens with the same organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Hiroshi ZEN-YOJI, Takeshi TERAYAMA, Yasuo KUDOH, Kenji OHTA, Senzo SAK ...1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 298-302
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerological studies were made on a total of 1, 143 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the feces of human beings suffering from food poisoning in Tokyo during a period of 1969-1970. Of these strains, 825 isolates were typed into the known K 1-K 52 types, while the remaining 318 were regarded as untypable ones. Further investigation was conducted on the antigenic composition of these untypable strains by means of the cross agglutination and absorption tests or the double diffusion test. It revealed that 260 of these 318 strains possessed new K type antigens. These strains were classified into six new K types; that is, O4: TNK 1 (2 strains), O3: TNK 2 (103 strains), O4: TNK 3 (95 strains), O12: TNK 4 (16 strains), O1: TNK 6 (22 strains), and O3: TNK 9 (22 strains). Proposals were already made by the Committee on the Serological Typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in its third meeting held on December 4, 1970. As a result, the new designation K53 was given to the K antigen of the strain O4: TNK 1, K54 to that of O3: TNK 2, and K55 to O4: TNK 3. The remaining K antigens were subjected to further studies by the members of the committee.
Some strains the antigenic composition of which was O4:K4 and O5:K30 were also reported by the authors. These compositions had not been found in the conventional antigenic schema of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Those sero-types were accepted by the committee.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
I. Occurrence of Swine Dysentery and Isolation of Vibrio coli from Infected PigsSusumu ODA1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 303-310
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrobiological studies were carried out on swine chronic diarrhea which had been prevailing in Niigata Precture since April, 1969. As a result, the diarrhea was identified as swine dysentery caused by Vibrio coli.
1. The diarrhea attacked 517 pigs on 13 swine farms in three cities (Shirone, Ojiya, and Nagaoka) and one village (Shitada, Minamikambara County). Especially young animals, weighting 15 to 50kg, suffered from this disease.
2. Clinical aspects were variable. Fecal specimens were most frequently jelly-like and reddish brown in color with blood and mucus contained. In some animals, they were simply mud-like. All these fecal specimens were positive for the occult bleeding reaction.
3. Post-mortem examination revealed such macroscopic lesions of the digestive organs, especially the large intestine, as characterized by catarrhal and hemorrhagic inflammation.
4. Fecal cultures were made on agar plates supplemented with 10% sheep blood, in the presence of a mixed gas of 85% N2, 10% CO2, and 5% O2. They gave rise to nonhemolytic transparent colonies after incubation at 37C for 72 hours. Vibrio coli was isolated from 18 out of 21 fecal specimens cultured.
5. Growth evaluation was conducted on 36 strains of Vibrio coli isolated. It indicated that the blood agar plate and a semisolid medium supplemented with trypticase and cysteine yielded better growth than any other medium studied. All the strains were found to be positive for H2S production.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Ryohei KOJIMA1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 311-318
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatty-acid compositions of various bacterial strains, including vibrios and other groups of organisms, were examined. It was evidenced that some groups of bacteria had a genus-specific fatty acid composition. It was suggested that this characteristic might be available for the bacterial classification.
The relationship between the fatty-acid compositions and biological properties of bacteria was discussed, taking such characteristics as hemolysis-inhibiting capacity and adjuvant activity into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (2398K) -
II. Immunogenicity of toxoids derived from main toxic principles separated from Habu venomSeiji SADAHIRO1971 Volume 26 Issue 7 Pages 319-324
Published: July 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The crude venom and the purified hemorrhagic principles, HR1 and HR2, were detoxified with formalin. To a 1% solution of these materials had been added formalin initially to a concentration of 0.2% and then every other day to a concentration increasing by 0.2% each time until the solutions were completely detoxified. The solutions became non-toxic in about 3 weeks, the final concentration of formalin ranging from 0.8 to 1.0%.
2. All the formol-toxoids thus prepared were then dialyzed. The resultant dialytic residues were designated as Crude-Td, HR 1-Td, and HR 2-Td, respectively. The HR 1-Td and the HR 2-Td were mixed to prepare a Mixed-Td. Each of the four toxoids was mixed with AlPO4 gel to prepare adsorbed toxoids. Adjusted to pH 6.0, each adsorbed toxoid contained 1.35mg/ml of aluminum. The adsorbed toxoids from Crude-Td, HR 1-Td, HR 2-Td, and Mixed-Td contained 5.0, 0.8, 1.7, and 2.5mg/ml of protein, respectively.
3. The adsorbed toxoids were then injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs, from which individual serum specimens were titrated for antilethal, as well as antihemorrhagic (anti-HR 1 and anti-HR 2), potencies. The Crude-Td-immunized group produced antibodies against both HR 1 and HR2; the titers of which reached 12 and 16u/ml, respectively, after the 3rd injection. The HR1-Td- and HR 2-Td-immunized groups produced a high anti-HR 1 and anti-HR 2 titer alone, respectively. In the Mixed-Td-immunized groups, the corresponding titers reached 28 and 48u/ml, respectively.
In the HR 1-Td- and Mixed-immunized groups, the antilethal titer ranged from 40 to 80u/ml.
4. After the 3rd injection, all the immunized animals were challenged with the crude venom, the purified HR 1, or the purified HR 2. The local symptoms developed were observed after 24 hours. A certain protection against the challenge with the crude venom was afforded only by the Crude-Td- or the Mixed-Td-immunized group. The HR 1-Td- and the HR2-Td-immunized group were protected sufficiently against the challenge with the purified HR 1 and HR 2, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K)
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