Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 497-511
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.497

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 513-525
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.513

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Total number of bacteria and fungi as an index for human pollution at Syowa Station in Antarctica

1. Special reference to the specimen collected by 18th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

Sayoko TOYODA, Akihiro MATSUMAE, Akira GHODA, Masayuki AISO

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 527-534
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.527

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Microbiological investigations of pollution caused by humans at Syowa Station were conducted. Soil specimens were collected from the monitoring points set up by the 15th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-15). Other specimens collected from Ongul Kalven Island, stools of men left on the siol on East Ongul Island since previous JARE and soils surrounding the stools were also examind. Total sampling sites were 75. The following results were obtained: E. coli was not detected from the soils of the designated area, but other bacteria and fungi were detected. It was surprising that such large total numbers of bacteria and fungi were found near the Quarters at Syowa Station. Viable cell counts per gram of soil were 10^2-5 at 37C and 10^4-7 at 18C and the total fungal counts 10^2-6 within the area 100m distant from the Quarters. Viable cell counts per gram of soil decreased to 0-10² with the increase in the distance up to 200m from the Quarters. The total number of microorganisms was related to the activities of the members, and therefore, we concluded that most of these microorganisms were due to pollution caused by human beings. We proposed that the total number of bacteria or fungi is useful as a parameter for microbiological evaluation of the environment.

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Relationship between superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of gram-negative bacilli and the pathogenicity to mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Shuichi MIYAZAKI, Akiyoshi TSUJI, Tetsuo ISHII, Susumu KITAYA, Yasuko ...

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 535-539
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.535

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Ten species of gram-negative bacilli (five strains each) were examined for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities with special reference to their virulence in mice by intraperitoneal challenge.
The SOD activities of P. aeruginosa strains (20 units or more/mg protein) were significantly higher than those of the other species tested. Of the tested strains, P. aeruginosa E7, E. coli No.94 and K. pneumoniae 3K25 had especially high SOD activities, i.e. 56.2-58.6units/mg protein and showed high virulence in mice. The results may indicate that the SOD activity is an important determinant for the virulence. On the other hand, the catalase activities of P. aeruginosa and P. stuartii were higher than that of any other species tested. Especially P. aeruginosa E7 and A14 had extremely high activities, i.e. 179 and 357units/mg protein, respectively. A close correlation between the bacterial virulence and the catalase activity was also found in all the strains of E. coli tested. However, in the mice challenged with E. coli, the catalase activity was considered to be more important than the SOD activity for the virulence.

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Chemical properties of O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides isolated from Vibrio parahaemolyticus O2 and O9, in particular, the separation and identification of 2-keto-3-deoxy-5-phosphoryl-octonate found in their strong acid-hydrolysates

Binshow TSAI, Takehiro IGUCHI, Seiichi KONDO, Kazuhito HISATSUNE

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 541-545
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.541

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A degradation study was carried out on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio parahaemolyticus O2 and O9. On Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of “degraded polysaccharide” (DPS) from the S-form strains, no such peak was observed that represents polymeric O-specific side chains with atached core which is generally eluted in void volume. The result suggests that the O-specificities of these V. parahaemolyticus are associated with the structure and composition of the core region of their LPS molecules and/or that their O-specific chains are very short.
A Weissbach's periodate-thiobarbituric acid-reaction positive substance (X) was released from each of O2 and O9 LPS after strong acid hydrolysis (4N HCl, 100C, 45min). On High-voltage paper electrophoresis (HVPE), X was separated into two components, X1 and X2, with mobilities of 1.54 and 1.80, respectively, relative to that of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (KDO). X1 was identified as 2-keto-3-deoxy-5-phosphoryl-KDO (5-O-phosphoryl-KDO) on HVPE using, as a control, authentic 5-O-phosphoryl-KDO isolated from Bordetella pertussis (phase I). After treatment with alkaline-phosphatase, X1 as well as the authentic 5-O-phosphoryl-KDO disappeared and KDO was detected.

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[title in Japanese]

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 547-564
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.547

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[title in Japanese]

1986 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 565-573
Published: March 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3412/jsb.41.565

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