All issues
Volume 18, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
2. Tuberuclin-potencies of fractions II and III in sensitized guinea pigsTetsuro KATAOKA1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 109-114
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour fractions obtained electrophoretically from human strain Aoyama-B tuberculin were tested on their ability to cause skin reaction, tuberculin-potency, in sensitized guinea pigs.The activity to provoke skin reaction in guinea pigs fell into the s following sequence: Fraction I was the strongst and fraction II. was the next, fraction III was considerably weaker than the preceding two fractions and the polysaccharide fraction was much weaker than the others.All of the fractions, however, were weaker and no single fraction was found to be comparable to the original material, DT, in their tuberculin-potencies.
Protein fractions II and III were compared with each other in guinea pigs sensitized with killed or living human tubercle bacilli, with regard to their tuberculin-potencies. Results obtained were as follows: In animals sensitized with living bacilli, the potency of fraction II was 7 times, and in animals sensitized: with killed bacilli 4 times as high as that of fraction III.View full abstractDownload PDF (933K) -
IX. Pathogenesis of the toxid actionYoko TSUCHIDA1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 115-124
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPathological and pharmacological studies have been done on the action of pertussal toxin by using highly purified preparations which were obtained by Kuroya and his colleagues.
1)(a) The process of Gundel's reaction, i. e. an inflammation occurring after intracutaneous inj ection of the toxin in the rabbit, was first studied histopathlogically; contraction of capillary was observed to follow hemorrhage.(b) When the exposed intestine of the guinea pig was tested, both tension and amplitude of pendulation increased; this was antagonized by atropin.(c) A similar stimulative effect upoiz the autonomous nervous system was observed when a crude toxin acted upon the exposed heart of the frog, i. e. the out-put of the blood increased but the pulse rate was unchanged.
2) Selective activity of the toxin upon the central nervous system was also found by using a crude preparation:(a) A decrease of the blood pressure was observed in the rabbit.(b) Also alternative stimulation and inhibition of respiration, and sometimes apnea, occured.View full abstractDownload PDF (10032K) -
(1) Resistant Strains in Healthy PersonsTakeo NAKAMURA, Sadakichi SATO, Yoshiko TOMINAGA, Isamu KOBAYASHI1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 125-131
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuthors made experiments to isolate antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae from faeces of 68 healthy persons, who were tested once a month from May 1961 to April 1962. Streptomycin (SM), Tetracycline (TC) and Chloramphenicol (CM) were used as antibiotics. The isolation of resistant bacilli was made by plating on MacConkey media and MacConkey media containing 25γ/ml of one of the antibiotics, three or five colonies being fished from each plate. They were tested their drug resistance on heart infusion agar added 25γ/ml and 100γ/m1 of one of three drugs respectively. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Resistant strains against SM or TC were recovered in markedly greater numbers in summer than in winter, whereas CM resistant bacilli were very few and the seasonal variation of their isolation was, not recognized.
(2) The drug-resistance of 4.745 strains isolated were tested; 1.144 strains (24.1%) were revealed to be resistant to 25γ/m1 and about a half (267 strains) of them resistant to over 100γ/ml of one of three drugs.
(3) During the observation period, drug resistant bacilli were recovered in 63 persons, but constant carriers were very few. It was only in 6 persons that more than 8 times resistant strains were isolated, and no such strains was not recovered in 5 persons.
(4) Only 193 (5.2%) in 3.710 strains recovered on MacConkey agar were drug resistant, these. bacilli were belonging to E. Coli (78.4%), Citrobacter (17.3%), Kledsiella (1.4%) and Proteus (2.9%). The figure of the classification was quite similar to that of the bacilli isolated on MacConkey agar containing drug.
(5) Single-resistant strains were most frequently encountered (73.7%), followed by three antibiotics-resistant strains (16.3%) and two-antibiotics-resistant ones (10.5%). The resistant bacilli against various antibiotics over 100γ/ml were isolated in the following percentage order; SM-single-resistant ones in 4.9%, TC-single-resistant ones in 5.4%, SM, TC-resistant ones in 0.9%, SM, CM-resistant ones in 0.6%, TC, CM-resistant ones in 0.1% and SM, TC, CM-resistant ones in 2.3%. These results were not in accordance with those of dysentery bacilli recovered from patients as well as healthy carriers in these days when these experiments were carried out; about 30% of dysentery bacilli were proved to be antibiotic-resistant, moreover almost all of them were multiple-drugs-resistant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Nozomu ASAMI, Tetsuro KATAOKA, Eiko KONDO1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 132-135
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA lyophilized material (DRIED Tuberculin or DT) was prepared from an unheated, concentrated filtrate of a eight weeks' culture of human strain H2. It was fractionated into five fractions by means of zone electrophoresis employing starch as the supporting medium. Three of them, one polysaccharide fraction and two protein fractions (Fr.-II and Fr.-III), were tested in comparison with DT for their sensitizing activities on guinea pigs.
Each of these fractions or DT with Drakeol: Arlacel mixture was injected intramuscularly into a group of guinea pigs. Thereafter the development of the tuberculin allergy of the animals in terms of skin reactivity was examined periodically, i. e. the 3rd, 6th, and 9th week after sensitization, by an intradermal injection with 5r of PPD, . At the 7th week after the sensitization the degree of the skin reactivities to each preparation of the animals of the four groups was compared by intradermal injections of 1 r each of the polysaccharide fraction, the protein fractions, and DT. The results obtained are as follows:
1) Among these preparations DT showed the highest sensitizing activity and Fr.-II followed. The polysaccharide fraction and Fr.-III showed lower activities than the others.
2) The difference between the homologous anh heterologous reactions was regarded as an indication on the differences in specificity of these preparations according to the Magnusson's paper. Fr.-II seemed to be more specific than Fr.-III in sensitizing or skin reacting activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
K. Kuribayashi, T. Watanabe, S. Miyasaki1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 136-142
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1924, Arkwright et al. suggested that the diphtheria toxin was destroyed by vitamin C Since then. several investigators accepted their opinion, but some others were opposed to it.
Present authors experienced that the toxic activity of tetanus toxin in mice is obviously decreased by vitamin C, while the vitamin C has no power to decrease or destroy the toxicity of S. paratyphi B endotoxin.
The authors, hereafter, will extend studies on the problems that the tetanus toxin is altered into toxoid. or deconstructed by vitamin C.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
Yukikazu MIKAMI1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 143-147
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present studies on the intraperitoneal infection of staphylococci in mice, virulence enhancement with gastric mucin and immune effects of staphylococcal a-toxoid in the case of intraperitoneal challenge by staphylococci with mucin were investigated and the following results were obtained:
1. LD50in the intraperitoneal inoculation of staphylococci freshly isolated from supprative lesions decreased by addition of 0.2-0.2 ml of 5% gastric mucin suspension.
2. The degree of the decrease of LD50by addition of mucin was not always connected with the coagulase production of the strains. And the decrease was remarkable in the Smith strain etc., but not in the Terajima strain which was preserved for a long time.
3. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with staphylococci and mucin were killed by septicemia, and the bacterial amounts in organs such as kidney, spleen, liver, heart and lung increased far more than those in the injection of the cocci without mucin.
4. Most of mice intraperitoneally challenged as above died in an earlier stage. The number of bacteria of various organs was measured at intervals after the inoculation and proved to be different in the course of time by the difference of strains and organs, but the increase of number could be recognized about four hours after the inoculation in every case.
5. Intraperitoneal challenge of staphylococci with mucin was found to be a useful method for the observation of immune effects of staphylococcal a-toxoid.
6. In addition to the immune effects, the appearance of hypersensitiveness in mice by staphylococcalα-toxoids could also be demonstrated by these intraperitoneal challenge.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
1963 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 148-168
Published: March 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4318K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|