Kanzo

Detection of HBV DNA by spot hybridization test

Yasuhisa MATSUYAMA, Masao OMATA, Osamu YOKOSUKA, Fumio IMAZEKI, Masami ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.1

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Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) was determined in 718 sera from 319 patients, mostly with chronic hepatitis B, by spot hybridization test with cloned HBV DNA probe. With this technique, as little as 0.39pg of HBV DNA could be detected. Compared with spotting 10μl of serum directly onto nitrocellulose papers, a greater sensitivity was obtained by Spotting nucleic acid extracted from 100μl of serum.
Serum HBV DNA was detected in 93.1% of HBeAg positive patients, 34.5% of patients negative for both HBeAg and anti-HBe, and 15.8% of anti-HBe positive patients. The degree of dissociation of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg seemed to correspond with the histological progression of liver disease.
Thus, in chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis circulating HB Virus can not be assured by the HBeAg/anti-HBe system.

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Establishment of chronic carrier state by experimental transmission of duck hepatitis B virus(DHBV)

Masao OMATA, Osamu YOKOSUKA, Yasuhisa MATSUYAMA, Fumio IMAZEKI, Yoahim ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 7-10
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.7

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Sera from Chinese carrier ducks positive for DHBV Were inoculated to 20 Japanese one-dayold ducklings. The same sera were also inoculated to four three week old, and three three-monthold ducks. DHBV was demonstrated in serum of all ducklings inoculated at age one day, and persisted for more than 200 days in 17 of 20 ducks followed. In the three ducks in which viremia disappeared, viral DNA Was found in the liver tissue. Only one of 7 duckings inoculated at age of 3 weeks or later developed persistent infection.
We were able to transmit DHBV in all of the ducks inoculated at age one day, and have established a chronic carrier state in all of them.

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The prognosis of biopsy-proven asymptomatic HBsAg carrier

Takeshi SODEYAMA, Yoshihiro AKAHANE, Kendo KIYOSAWA, Shuichi WADA, Mot ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 11-19
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.11

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The prognosis of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers biopsy-proven to have no overt liver diseases was studied.
Eighty three asymptomatic HBsAg carriers had been examined for liver function tests, circulatory HBsAg (RPHA), HBeAg and anti-HBe (RIA) periodically over a period of 12 to 122 months (mean 46 months).
Of 30 cases positive for HBeAg on the first investigation, 14 (male 12, female 2) had developed overt hepatitis during follow-up period. In these 14 cases, liver function tests had returned to normal in 5 cases (male 3, female 2) who became negative for both HBeAg/anti-HBe (1 case) or who had seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe (4 cases) subsequent to development of hepatitis. Whereas in 6 cases with sustaining HBeAg the serum transaminase levels had continued to be abnormally high. Repeat liver biopsies were done in 11 of these 14 cases. Six cases with persistent HBeAg developed chronic active hepatitis in 4 and liver cirrhosis in 1. In contrast, 3 of 4 seroconverted cases revealed an improvement from chronic active hepatitis to chronic persistent hepatitis in 2 male cases and to non specific reactive hepatitis in 1 female case. None of 50 cases positive for anti-HBe on the first investigation developed overt liver diseaes during the follow-up period.
These results indicate that asymptomatic HBsAg carriers have a potential risk to develope overt liver diseases exclusively in cases persistently positive for HBeAg, but seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe results in the regression from active to inactive liver disease. Some of them seroconvert from HBeAg to anti-HBe subsequent to the developement of liver diseases.

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The statistical and clinical investigation of seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in type B chronic liver disease

Hiroaki OKUSHIN, Gotaro YAMADA, Koji MANABE, Ichinosuke HYODO, Shigeat ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 20-27
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.20

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Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody system was followed up for 1 to 12 years (average, 4.1 years) in 87 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic liver disease. They were not treated with IFN, Ara-A, OK-432, large dose SNMC (Glycyrrhizin) and rebound therapy by corticosteroid.
We judged seroconversion by immunodiffusion (micro-ouchterlony) and radioimmunoassay (inhibition%≥90%).
Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) seroconverted during the follow-up period, and with life table study a linear relationship (Y=-6.3X+103.3, r=-0.977, p<0.01) was obtained between cumulative non-seroconversion rate (Y) and follow-up period (X). It was suggested that 5.7% of HBeAg-positive patients seroconverted naturally from HBeAg to anti-HBe each year.
Seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe occured more frequently in female than in male (p<0.05), and the period from onset to seroconversion was shorter in the patients with acute exacerbation one more times in a year than in those with less times (p<0.05).

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Comparison of the effectiveness of oral and subcutaneous glucose treatment on energy metabolism in the liver of rats with galactosamine induced acute liver injury

Mitsunori SAITO, Hideyuki FUSAMOTO, Kooichi NAGANO, Harumasa YOSHIHARA ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.27

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We compared the effects of oral (oral group) and subcutaneous (subcut. group) administration of glucose on energy metabolism in the liver of rats with galactosamine induced acute liver injury. There was no difference in plasma glucose level between oral group and subcut. group. Hepatic glucose was higher in subcut. group than in oral group, but hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and hepatic glycogen were not different in both group. In oral group, hepatic ATP content and energy charge were significantly elevated, and were higher than in subcut. group. In subcut. group, hepatic ATP content was not changed after glucose administration, and the increase of energy charge was delayed.
These results suggest that oral glucose treatment is more effective on the glucose utilization and energy metabolism in the liver or rats with galactosamine induced acute liver injury.

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Clinical investigation on the aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen in the sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Hiroiku KAWAKAMI, Toshio NAKANISHI, Shooichi SUEMORI, Yasuyuki WATANAB ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.33

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The serum Type III procollagen N-peptide (PC-III-NP) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay in various liver diseases, especially primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. PC (III) NP was 6.6±2.6ng/ml in normal subjects. In acute hepatitis, it was high (34.1 ±11.7ng/ml) in the acute phase, but tended to retum normal (15.6±4.0ng/ml) in the convalescent stage. In chronic liver diseases, it better reflected the fibrotic activity rather than the degree of fibrotic change. In primary biliary cirrhosis, it was significantly high (35.5±24.3ng/ml) and tended to increase with pathological progression, suggesting disturbed secreation of PC (III) NP into bile in association with PC (III) NP elevation. In hepatocellular carcinoma, it was significantly high (40.6±43.1ng/ml) without a correlation with serum AFP or Ferritin concentration. However, a tendency to increase with the growth of the tumor area suggested the possibility of the production of Type III collagen within the tumor, but the value above 60ng/ml seemed required to justify the use of PC (III) NP as a tumor marker.

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Effect of anti-alphafetoprotein antibody on AH66 hepatoma transplanted in the rat liver via the portal vein

Tsuneo INOUE

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 41-50
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.41

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Anti-tumor effect of anti-alphafetoprotein (AFP) antibody on the AFP producing hepatoma was investigated.
AH66 rat ascites hepatoma was inoculated into the rat liver via the portal vein. Anti-rat alphafetoprotein horse antibody (AAA) was intravenously administered immediately, 5 days and 10 days after tumor inoculation. Serum AFP levels, survival periods and histological findings were studied.
No significant difference was observed in the levels of serum AFP in the 2mg group compared with the control group. However, the sernm AFP levels were significantly depressed in the groups of 4mg and 8mg in the 4th day. The survival periods were remarkably prolonged in the groups with AAA administration. It was statistically prolonged in 8mg group.
Histopathological examination showed concentration of the cytoplasma of the tumor cells in the intrasinusoid in the early stage in the group of 8mg group.
In conclusion, AAA has effects of depression of the serum AFP levels and elongation of the survival periods.

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Asialoglycoprotein receptor in human hepatoma cells (PLC/PRF/5)

Nobuyoshi TANAKA, Yasuhiro KATO, Kenichi KOBAYASHI, Nobu HATTORI, J.A. ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 51-55
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.51

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We investigated the receptor to Asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) and Agalactorosomucoid (AGOR) on the PLC/PRF/5 cell line. In vivo assay, the athymic mice with tumors which were made by inoculation of the PLC/PRF/5 cells received via the jugular vein 1μg of ¹²⁵I-ASOR or ¹²⁵I-AGOR. 10min after injection the accumulation of 1¹²⁵I-ASOR or ¹²⁵I-AGOR in the tumor remained only 0.5% of the injected radioactivity. Then, the liver was isolated from the circulation by ligating the portal vein and hepatic artery to increase the ligand concentration in the circulation. And then, the blood concentration of radioactivity was 50 times higher than that in normal athymic mice. There was no enhanced accumulation in the tumor. In monolayer cell culture, the specific uptake of ¹²⁵I-ASOR and ¹²⁵I-AGOR on the cells was examined. It was found that the specific uptake of ¹²⁵I-ASOR was very low (13.7% of total radioactivity bound by the cells) and that of ¹²⁵I-AGOR was abscent. From these results, it appeared that the receptor to ASOR on PLC/PRF/5 cell line was very low.

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Experimental study on cell proliferation kinetics and environment of pancreatic hormone in the process of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rat

Makoto MURATA

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 56-64
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.56

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To clarify a correlation between cell proliferation kinetics and environment of pancreatic hormone, this author investigated the cell proliferation kinetics of hepatocytes by means of autoradiography (3H-thymidine), IRG/IRI in portal and aortic blood and c-AMP/c-GMP in aortic blood in every week until 5th week, using Solt and Farber model.
Cumulative lebelling index was higher at 1st week, but became lower as time passed. At 4th and 5th week, when hyperplastic nedules were seen, the labelled cells were frequently observed, particularly in the small hyperplastic nodules. On the other hand, this indices were lower in the large nodules and this fact might indicate cell proliferation became weak and number of hepatocyte which cell cycle became longer or out of phase increased as hyperplastic nodule grew. The ratio of IRG/IRI in portal blood changed in the same manner as the cumulative labelling index until 5th week.
These observations suggest that pancreatic hormone may play an important role in the process of promotion in hepatocarcinogenesis in rat.

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Blood flow dynamics of the portal venous system in liver diseases studied by the ultrasonic pulsed doppler method

Takayoshi TANABE, Kazuo TOBE, Norio KOIDE, Shigeru MORICHIKA, Takahiro ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 65-73
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.65

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Blood flow dynamics of the portal venous system in various liver diseases was studied by the pulsed doppler method.
Nineteen healthy subjects served as normal controls and 76 patients with the following various liver diseases: convalescent stage of acute hepatitis (AH), chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied.
Maximum blood flow velocity in prebranching point of the main portal vein was significantly lower in LC and HCC than that of healthy controls, and showed a positive correlation with the KICG value. Blood flow volume in prebranching point of the main portal vein in CH and LC appeared significantly lower when compared with that of healthy controls. The ratio of flow volume, superior mesenteric vein/splenic vein and right/left branch of portal vein were significantly decreased in decreasing order of AH>CH>LC. The decrease volume through postjoining to prebraching point of the main portal vein was 25-30% in LC and HCC. Unusual instances of hepatofugal blood flow were observed in 1 case of LC and 5 cases of HCC.
These findings illustrate the usefullness of the doppler method in studying liver disease states.

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Analysis of hepatic blood flow by Tc-99m phytate scintigraphy in various liver diseases

Kazufumi HIRATA, Hiroshi ENDO, Kyoichiro NISHINA, Junnosuke SHIMAMURA, ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 74-79
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.74

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The ratio of portal venous to total hepatic blood flow was measured in various liver diseases using a Tc-99m phytate scintigraphy and its clinical usefulness was discussed.
The average ratio of portal venous to total hepatic blood flow was proportionally decreased to the progression of the diseases (normal 77.7±4.7%, chronic hepatitis 67.9±7.4% and liver cirrhosis 39.0±13.3%). All patients with the ratio of below 50% were cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices showed significantly lower ratio compared with those without.
In six patients with primary or secondary liver cancer, separate analysis of the ratio at cancerous and non-cancerous region was performed and it was useful for the assessment of hepatic reserve power.
In conclusion, this method is very simple to do and gives clinically useful information on hepatic blood flow.

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Experimental studies on the relationship between bile acid and bilirubin excretion in the rat after relief of biliary obstruction

Kan TSUDA, Kiyokazu FURUYA, Yoshio KONDO

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 80-87
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.80

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To study the effects of bile acid on bile secretion in the rats with relieved biliary obstruction, Wistar rats were prepared by ligation of the common bile duct for 1 to 2 weeks and relieving the obstruction 48 hours prior to the study. Bile flow, bilirubin excretion rate, and HCO-3 output were observed during either sodium taurocholate or sodium dehydrocholate infusion.
The results were as follows:
a) Bile salt-induced choleretic effect was significantly augmented in the jaundiced rats as compared with controls.
b) Sodium taurocholate infusion caused a marked increase in bilirubin excretion, whereas a very small increase caused sodium dehydrocholate.
c) While bile salts infusion caused a marked decrease in biliary concentration of bicarbonate, it substantially caused a significant increase in bicarbonate output.
In conclusion, effective reduction of jaundice after biliary decompression might be achieved by supplemental administration of micelle-forming bile acid provided that hepatic clearance of bile acid remains intact.

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A case with serological and histological evidence for an overlapping of primary biliary cirrhosis and lupoid hepatitis

Tadao OKUNO, Yoshifumi SETO, Yoshimichi ABE, Hiroyuki SHINTANI, Susumu ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 88-94
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.88

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This 51 year-old female was evaluated, because of episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon, Sjögren syndrome and general malaise. There was neither skin itching nor jaundice.
The ERCP showed a well visualized gallbladder and a patent extrahepatic as well as intrahepatic biliary tract. Serum GOT, GPT and ALP were mildly elevated. Serum cholesterol was normal. Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) was positive, and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-DNA antibody and LE cell test were all positive. The wedge liver biopsy specimen showed mixed features characteristic of both PBC and CAH. Subsequently, severe general malaise, loss of appetite and mild jaundice developed. SGOT and SGPT elevated up to 580 KU and 770 KU, respectively. The ASMA, ANA and anti-DNA antibody were stronly positive. The LE cell test remained positive.
The diagnosis of an overlapping syndrome of PBC and lupoid hepatitis was made. The patient responded well to steroid therapy with prominent improvement of symptoms and liver function test. PBC specific antigen (anti-M2) was positive, but mixed-form antigen (anti-M4) negative.

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An autopsy case of obstruction of the intrahepatic portal vein lumina associated with cylindrical dilatation of the intrahepatic large bile ducts

Morimoto HAYASHI, Katsumi YOKOI, Kiyoo MORI, Yasuni NAKANUMA, Goroku O ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 95-98
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: January 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.95

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An autopsy case of portal hypertension due to luminal obstruction of the intrahepatic portal veins associated with non-obstructive dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts is reported. The 65year-old female was diagnosed Banti's syndrome 10 years ago and cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis was performed 8 years ago. During period of the last two years, repeated hematemesis occurred. Splenctomy with perigastric devascularization was performed subsequently and she died of heart failure about two months later. At autopsy, the liver was slightly atrophic without cirrhosis. The hepatic hilum was enlarged and fibrotic. The common, bilateral and segment bile ducts were cylindrically dilated and showed histological pictures of chronic proliferative cholangitis. The intrahepatic large portal vein lumina were obstructed by organized thrombi and an extravasation via the damaged bile duct was noted around them. It is suggested that cholangitis in the hepatic hilum may provoke the intrahepatic portal venous thrombosis.

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Intratumoral injection of absolute ethanol under ultrasound imaging for treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma-Attempts in three cases-

Takashi SHINAGAWA, Haruyasu UKAJI, Yasuo IINO, Shinji ISOMURA, Hajime ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 99-105
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.99

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Three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) smaller than 2cm in size were treated with intratumoral injection of absolute ethanol under ultrasound imaging. Histological examination of the resected specimen obtained from one of the patients revealed complete necrosis of both the tumor and the surrounding parenchyma. In the remaining two patients, the tumor stain disappeared completely on angiograms obtained after the treatment. In one of the two patients, follow-up angiography did not show the tumor stain 8 months after the injection. Side effects were only mild and did not require any specific treatment.
Intratumoral injection of absolute ethanol was effective in the treatment of small HCC and showed the possibility of curative treatment.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 106
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.106

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], M. James Phillips

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 107
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.107

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 108
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.108

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[title in Japanese]

1985 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 109-132
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.26.109

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