All issues
Volume 18 (1953 - 195･･･
- Issue 3-4 Pages 97-
- Issue 1-2 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 3-4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Susumu MIZUMOTO1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 97-101
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In this paper the results of experiment on the relative durability of woods of thirteen broad-leaved trees to five species of wood-destroying fungi under the controlled laboratory conditions are reported.
2. In the experiment, the fungi to be tested had been previously grown on an agar medium in the Erlenmyer's flasks, before the test blocks of these woods were inserted and then kept at a constant temperature of 28°C for ninety days long.
3. The fungi tested are as follows: Polystictus sanguineus, P. hirsutus, Polyporus rhodophaeus, Schizophyllum commune and Lenzites betulina. The mycelial growth of Polyporus rhodophaeus, Polystictus sanguineus and P. hirsutus on wood blocks was vigorous and Lenzites betulina showed poor growth on them.
4. The wood pieces tested are as follows: Alnus japonica, Castanea crenata, Jugulans Sieboldiana, Zelkowa serrata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Platanus orientalis, Aesculus turbinata, Magnolia obovata, Fagus crenata, Celtis sinensis, Prunus yedoensis and Betula japouica.
Among these woods, the heart-woods of Castanea crenata and Zelkowa serrata showed the highest resistance to decay and the sap-woods of Alnus japonica and Prunus yedoensis were destroyed most seriously. The sap-woods of broad-leaved trees proved to be far less resistant to decay than the heart-woods.
5. Polystictus sanguineus and P. hirsutus showed the strongest virulence and Schizophyllum commune had the weakest virulence.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Wataro YAMAMOTO1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 102-106
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe microscopic investigations were carried out on the morphological difference of external mycelium between the saprophytic and parasitic species of the sooty mould fungi belonging to the Meliolaceae (Perisporiaceae), Capnodiaceae, Microthyriaceae and Deuteromycetes. These results are as follows:
1. In the parasitic species belonging to Meliola, Meliolina, Irene, Irenina, Irenopsis and Amazonia of the Meliolaceae, to Balladyna of the Capnodiaceae, and to Asterina, Parasterina, Lembosia and Morenoella of the Microthyriaceae, the external mycelium is filamentous, straight walled, with hyphopodia or knot cells, and produces reticulate or velvety, small colonies scattering on the surface of the host plants.
2. In the saprophytic species belonging to Capnodium, Neocapnodium, Hypocapnodium, Capnophaeum, Scorias, Chaetoscorias, Chaetothyrium, Aithaloderma, Limacinia, Phaeosaccardinula and Triposporiopsis of the Capnodiaceae, to Perisporina, Dimerium, Dimerina and Phaeostigme of the Meliolaceae, and to Triposporium, Microxyphium and Caldariomyces of the Deuteromycetes, the external mycelium is dematioid, mucilaginous, without hyphopodia or knot cells, and produces membranous or velvety, large colonies covering over the upper surface of the host plants.
3. The presence or the absence of the hyphopodia or knot cells formed on the external mycelium are an important characteristic to distinguish the parasitic from saprophytic species. Almost all of the examined parasitic species have hyphopodia, and rarely knot cells. The hyphopodia are usually definite in shape as well as in arrangement in each species, but in Meliolina octospora these are very few in number, indefinite in arrangement, more or less irregular in shape.
4. The results of histological studies of the host tissue infected with parasitic sooty moulds reveal that nearly all the species produce the penetrating hyphae from the hyphopodia, and that the hyphae send haustoria into the epidermal or rarely subepidermal cells. But some species of the Meliolaceae do not produce the haustoria, and Meliolina octospora produce intercellular hyphae from the hyphopodia, and the hyphae send haustoria into the mesophyll cells. The saprophytic species do not produce the haustoria and also the infection hyphae from the external mycelium.
5. Very similar to powdery mildew fungi in parasitism, the parasitic sooty mould fungi are considered as obligate parasites, and saprophytic ones are considered as obligate saprophytes. These obligate parasites and saprophytes are heterogeneously contained in the Meliolaceae and Capnodiaceae respectively. As regards to the classification of these families from the parasitical point of view, the present author proposes that the obligate parasites having hyphopodia or knot cells on the external mycelium should belong to the Meliolaceae, and that the obligate saprophytes without hyphopodia or knot cells should belong to the Capnodiaceae, and that the Meliolaceae should be divided into the two subfamilies, the Melioleae and Meliolineae, according to the position where haustoria are produced, as the Erysiphaceae is divided into the two subfamilies, the Erysipheae and Phyllactinieae.View full abstractDownload PDF (965K) -
Masaki YAMAMOTO1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 107-108
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study has been made on the effect of infection by Ustilago coici upon the chemical composition of Job's tear plants. The results of determinations show that in the diseased grains the content of raw protein, cellulose and water are markedly higher and the contents of starch, ash and fat are considerably lower than those in the healthy grains. The diseased grains have a little lower content in protein nitrogen, while there is no significant difference to the healthy grains in the content of ammonium, and amino acid nitrogen. The percentage of total nitrogen in the stem of infected plants is higher than that of the healthy plants, while the relation in the leaves is the reverse. The leaves of infected plants have a high proportion of sugar in comparison to healthy plants. A preliminary test for alkaloid in the diseased grains gave negative reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (349K) -
Effect of silicate supply upon the occurrenceYasuji ASADA, Shigeyasu AKAI1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 109-112
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the results of experiments on the silicate absorption and a change in resistance to Helminthosporium blight in rice plants. Sodium silicate was used as a silicate source. The susceptible variety, Magatama, showed the increase in resistance with the amount of silicate given. The resistant variety, Kameji, however, did not show a definite inclination to the disease occurrence with the supply of silicate.
The toughness, silicification of leaves and total amount of silicic acid deposited in the plant body increased in Magatama, when the increased amount of silicate was given. On the contrary, Kameji showed no correlation between the silicate deposition and the application of silica. Therefore, it seems that they do not absorb silicate more than the control, though the increased amount of silicate was given. Expressed juice of plants which were supplied with silicate did not give a change on the germination of conidia compairing with that of the control. Osmotic pressure of cell may have no correlation to the disease occurrence.
Catalase activity in leaves becomes increased in both varieties with the grading supply of sodium silicate. In Kameji it is more active than in Magatama. However, it may have no correlation with the disease susceptibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Minoru TAKAHASHI1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 113-118
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper the writer has treated the taxonomical studies of seven species of Pythium causing damping-off disease of various crop seedlings. The fungi tested are as follows: Pythium aphanidermatum isolated from rotten fruits and from water of the drainage; Pythium deBaryanum isolated from diseased cucumber seedlings; P. vexans isolated from diseased tomato seedlings; P. ultimum isolated from wilted Hibiscus seedlings; P. monospermum isolated from water; P. zingiberum sp. nov. isolated from rotten roots of ginger; and P. Hemmianum sp. nov. isolated from wilted sponge-gourd seedlings (Luffa cylindrica).
The sporangium formation is found abundantly in Pythium aphanidermatum and P. monospermum, but not in P. ultimum, P. deBaryanum and P. vexans. It is difficult to make clear the difference between P. ultimum and P. deBaryanum by the characters of sexual organs. In Pythium ultimum, however, one antheridium arising usually from oogonial stalk immediately below the oogonium, attaches to an oogonium, and in Pythium deBaryanum one to three androgenus antheridia attach usually to an oogonium.
Butler described that antheridium of Pythium vexans was attached to an oogonium with its broad base. In my observations of P. vexans, such figures were not found, and no sporangium and few conidia were obtained.
A new species of Pythium attacking roots of ginger was described as a new species under the name of Pythium zingiberum. It forms numerous oogonia and few conidia on agar culture. Sporangia are filamentous or irregularly inflated and are rarely formed. The oospore wall is smooth and usually filling the oogonium. Antheridia are usually diclinous, and wrap around the oogonium with antheridial branches.
A Pythium isolated from wilted sponge-gourd seedlings was also studied. It forms no sporangia and only a few sexual organs, but numerous conidia are formed. The writer gave the name of Pythium Hemmianum to the present fungus as a new species in memory of the sixty first birthday of Dr. Takewo HEMMI.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
Hiroshi KURATA, Kazue KURIBAYASHI1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 119-121
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1318K) -
Shigeyasu AKAI, Takaakira TAKEUCHI1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 122-124
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the results of experiments on the pathogenicity of Pythium ultimum, Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. to young seedlings of red pine (Pinus densiflora), black pine (Pinus thunbergii), Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa.
Among the three pathogenic fungi used, Rhizoctonia sp. revealed the strongest pathogenicity upon the germination of seeds and upon seedlings, showing the symptoms of so-called damping-off. Fusarium sp. has the weakest. All the fungi used have no invading power upon comparatively large seedlings which grew for three months after the germination.
Red pine seedlings were attacked severely, when they grew under moist condition. In wet condition of soil, Rhizoctonia gained ca. 90 per cent attack on seedlings. In dry condition, however, it showed only 19 per cent infection. In the same condition, Fusarium has no pathogenicity upon the seedlings of red pine.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Yoshi MATSUURA1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 125-127
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToyama Agricultural Experiment Station reported that it was very effective for control of Sclerotinia rot of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) to mow the tops of the vetch in autumn. The writer made field tests to confirm the result.
When the top of vetch plants was cut off with scissors and the plant fragments were carefully romoved from the plots, the number of affected plants was less, giving higher yield, than the untreated plots. But when the top of vetch was mowed with mower or specially designed sickle, the development of the disease was as much or more severe, as compared with the check. The explanation is that the cutting fragments remained in the plots may serve as a nourishing substratum for the fungus, which become vigorous enough to pass over to the vetch plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 132-145
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3061K) -
1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 145-152
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1796K) -
1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 152-159
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1784K) -
1954 Volume 18 Issue 3-4 Pages 159-190
Published: August 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (7159K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|