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Volume 55 (1989)
- Issue 5 Pages 561-
- Issue 4 Pages 375-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
- Issue 2 Pages 131-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 55, Issue 3
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Yasuo ANDO, Nobuyoshi NARISAWA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 261-266
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was previously reported that shoot blight of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, which occurred extensively in Japan was caused by the tea gray blight fungus, Pestalotia longiseta. It was anticipated that the increase in the number of leaves affected with tea gray blight after mechanical plucking of new shoots in a certain flush might bring about a linear increase in the number of shoots showing shoot blight in the next flush. However such a phenomenon did not necessarily occur, and occasionally the number of affected shoots decreased with the increase in the number of diseased leaves. In this report, it was indicated that the tea brown blight fungus, Glomerella cingulata, was able to suppress the occurrence of shoot blight. The simultaneous inoculation with P. longiseta and G. cingulata to new shoots of cv. Yabukita, which was very susceptible to P. longiseta but resistant to G. cingulata, reduced the number of shoots showing shoot blight. Pre- and post-inoculation with G. cingulata also resulted in the reduction of the number of affected shoots. Therefore, in the tea gardens, as tea gray blight caused by P. longiseta occurred more greatly, density of G. cingulata became higher concurrently. Increased G. cingulata suppressed the occurrence of shoot blight caused by P. longiseta. That was why there was not always linear correlation between the number of leaves affected with gray blight and the number of shoots showing shoot blight.View full abstractDownload PDF (1353K) -
Yasuo ANDO, Nobuyoshi NARISAWA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 267-274
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of the tea brown blight fungus, Glomerella cingulata, on the formation of lesions on leaves of the tea plant by the tea gray blight fungus, Pestalotia longiseta, was studied. In the tea garden planted to cv. Yabukita which is very susceptible to P. longiseta but resistant to G. cingulata, the formation of the lesions on leaves by P. longiseta was markedly suppressed when G. cingulata was included in the inoculation test. Pre- and post-inoculation with G. cingulata was similarly effective in the suppression of the formation of the lesions by P. longiseta in the field test. The observation of detached new shoots in the test suggested the existence of two suppression mechanisms. The first consisted of the change of the infective fungus from P. longiseta to G. cingulata on the border of the lesions formed by P. longiseta. It was considered that G. cingulata replaced P. longiseta and since the tea leaf tissues were resistant to G. cingulata, the expansion of the lesions was inhibited. Lesions thus formed showed a translucent or dark-purple margin (protection band), wholly or partly. In such lesions, G. cingulata was detected inside of the margin, and P. longiseta in the other parts of the lesions. Variations in the lesion size and the distribution ratio of the two fungi in the lesions was ascribed to the timing and extent of the change of dominance from P. longiseta to G. cingulata. The second suppression mechanism consisted of the induction of resistance by pre-inoculation with G. cingulata, which prevented the infection by P. longiseta.View full abstractDownload PDF (1566K) -
Hiroshi HAMAMURA, Masami KAWAHARA, Susumu SHIMODA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 275-280
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome characteristics of Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) isolates less-sensitive to triflumizole which inhibit an ergosterol biosynthesis were studied with special reference to the pathogenicity and the production of gibberellins. Out of 500 isolates from naturally infected rice seeds and seedlings, the MIC values of 433 isolates (86.6%) were 10ppm and below, whereas 30 isolates (6.0%) were 1, 000ppm or more but the EC50 values were less than 1.3ppm and there was a little difference between the least sensitive and the most sensitive ones, thus being classified less-sensitive. Fungal properties of less-sensitive isolates were similar to those of sensitive ones. Inoculating rice seeds and flowers with the conidial suspension of sensitive isolates caused high incidences of “Bakanae” disease, which with less-sensitive ones rarely occurred. Rice seedling test showed that gibberellin-like substances produced by sensitive isolates in Richard's medium were greater than those by less-sensitive ones, estimation by HPLC also indicating that sensitive isolates produced over three times more GA3 than less-sensitive ones. There was, however, no clear difference in fusaric acid production between sensitive and less-sensitive isolates. The lower production of gibberellins by less-sensitive isolates coincided with being less in the pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Effects on the General Metabolism of Pyricularia oryzaeTetsuro OKUNO, Iwao FURUSAWA, Kazuho MATSUURA, Jiko SHISHIYAMA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 281-289
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFerimzone (TF-164) did not significantly inhibit the syntheses of protein, DNA, RNA and cell walls in mycelia of P. oryzae. Ferimzone inhibited the uptake of 14C-acetate and 14C-pyruvate into cells and caused apparent incorporation inhibition of these precursors into lipids. Any individual components of lipids, however, were not found to be specifically inhibited by ferimzone in the incorporation of 14C-acetate and 3H-S-adenosylmethionine. Ferimzone did not inhibit the activity of fatty acid synthetase in vitro prepared from mycelia of P. oryzae. The incorporation of several amino acids including 3H-leucine into acid insoluble fraction was rather enhanced by ferimzone. In the present study any general metabolic pathways were not revealed to be significantly and specifically affected by ferimzone. In consideration of the fact that ferimzone caused specific leakage of acidic electrolytes from mycelia of P. oryzae, the results presented in this study suggested that ferimzone could disturb membrane permeability for specific molecules or ions in influx as well as in efflux.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Pyoyun PARK, Tohgo OHNO, Syoyo NISHIMURA, Keisuke KOHMOTO, Hiroshi OTA ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 290-295
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAK-toxin from the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata caused plasma membrane modifications in cells of susceptible Japanese pear leaves 1hr after toxin exposure, but not in cells of resistant leaves even after 10hr of toxin exposure. In susceptible cells, modifications were characterized as invagination and fragmentation of plasma membrane, accumulation of amorphous materials exterior to plasma membrane, and occurrence of tubular structures from plasmodesmata. Additionally, Golgi vesicles increased in number within 6hr after toxin exposure, but markedly decreased at 10hr in susceptible cells. An alkaline bismuth stain for carbohydrates well reacted with both Golgi vesicles and the materials inside them. Golgi vesicles which were observed in peripheral cytoplasm beneath invaginated plasma membrane appeared to fuse with the plasma membrane and to secrete bismuth-reactive amorphous materials containing carbohydrates. Ultrastructural changes were not observed in cell wall near modified plasma membrane of toxin-treated susceptible cells. Activation of Golgi activity which was observed in toxin-treated susceptible cells did not occur in toxin-treated resistant cells. These ultrastructural results suggested that the bismuth-reacted amorphous materials were not degenerated products from cell wall, but rather were formed by secretory products from Golgi vesicles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2656K) -
Yositaka SANO, Makoto KOJIMA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 296-302
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDual infection of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes a severe mosaic disease in Japanese radish plants. This paper deals with the interactions between these viruses in radish plants. TuMV caused mild mosaic symptoms of Japanese radish plants by itself, but CMV did not. Plants inoculated with both viruses displayed more severe mosaic symptoms than plants inoculated only with TuMV. Indirect ELISA tests indicated that CMV accumulation was significantly enhanced in the presence of TuMV, but TuMV levels were little affected by co-infection with CMV. The enhanced accumulation of CMV in plants infected with TuMV as well as CMV was evident in systemically infected leaves rather than the inoculated cotyledons and this suggested that systemic transport and spread of CMV in radish plants were enhanced in the presence of TuMV.View full abstractDownload PDF (830K) -
Yasuharu MAMIYA, Takefumi IKEDA, Tsugio SHOJI1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 303-308
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne-year-old shoot cuttings of Pinus densiflora were treated with various concentrations of benzoic acid, and then inoculated with the pine wood nematode. The cuttings were maintained hydroponically. Shoot cuttings treated with 300ppm benzoic acid solution did not become diseased and survived. The mean amount of benzoic acid absorbed by these cuttings was estimated at 3.1mg per g dry weight of wood. Shoot cuttings treated with lower concentrations died. When shoot cuttings were treated with 500ppm benzoic acid, they showed reddish-brown discoloration after 4 days of treatment and then died. The mean amount of benzoic acid absorbed by these cuttings was estimated at 4.4mg per g dry weight of wood. Pine wood nematode populations did not increase in shoot cuttings treated with 300ppm benzoic acid solution although living nematodes were found in healthy cuttings throughout the experimental period. Water uptake and moisture content were largest in shoot cuttings treated with 300ppm benzoic acid solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Seisaku UMEMOTO, Akio MURATA, Yuji NAGAI1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 309-314
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is difficult to obtain concentrated conidial suspension of Japanese pear scab fungus, even after centrifugation, because of the conidial nature of the fungus which strongly tend to float in water. Several experiments were conducted to improve the method for preparing concentrated conidial suspension. When 10ml of conidial suspension was added with small amount of diluted agar solution such as 0.5ml of 0.1% solution, and then centrifuged for more than five minutes at 650×g, conidia were efficiently trapped in a portion of agar solution at the bottom of a tube. In this case, the efficiency of concentration of a conidial suspension was 41.0-fold compared with 50-fold of the theoretical value. And, in case of addition of 1ml of 0.1% agar solution, it was 22.1-fold compared with 25-fold of the theoretical value. A concentration of conidia in rain water flowed down along twigs of Japanese pear tree is usually very low. Therefore, it is almost impossible to count the number of conidia in rain water directly under an optical microscope, however, the above mentioned concentration method made it possible. Diluted agar solution such as 0.1% is reserved in a refrigerator without antisepsis during six months. free from degeneration and contamination of microorganisms. The method was named “agar solution concentration method”, abbreviated to ASC method.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Koichi ISHIKAWA, Toshihiro OMURA, Tsuneo TSUCHIZAKI1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 315-323
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice stripe virus (RSV) particles in purified preparations were circular filaments and found to be composed of four components (nB, B, M2 and M1 in the order of rapid sedimentation) after several cycles of sucrose density gradient centrifugations. When nucleic acids extracts from the purified RSV were electrophoresed, four double stranded (ds-) RNAs and four single stranded (ss-) RNAs were obtained. The size of the ss-RNA (designated as ss-1 to 4 in the order of decreasing molecular weights) under nondenaturing condition was 3.1, 1.5, 1.2 and 1.0×106Mr, respectively, and that of ds-RNA (designated as ds-1 to 4 in order of decreasing molecular weights) under the same condition was 5.0, 2.8, 2.1 and 1.7×106Mr, respectively. The nB, B, M2 and M1 components contained ss-1 and ds-1, ss-2 and ds-2, ss-3 and ds-3, and ss-4 and ds-4, respectively. Comparison of the size of ss-RNA and denatured ds-RNA in each component, and hybridization analysis suggest that ss-RNAs are counterparts of ds-RNAs and that the RNAs associated with the four components are not subgenomic. Thus all components are associated with RSV. These results are almost similar to those reported on maize stripe virus except that the number of components of the two viruses are different, which confirms that the both viruses are related each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (2490K) -
Yoichi TAKANAMI, Naoto NITTA, Susumu KUBO1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 324-329
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn attempts to search polycations suitable for inoculation of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts with virus RNA, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was found to be the most competent on which markedly improved the efficiency of infection not only with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA but also with CMV and tobacco necrotic dwarf virus (TNDV). For inoculation with virus RNAs and viruses, 25mM phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, and 10mM citrate buffer, pH 5.5, respectively, were found to be suitable. Over 90% of protoplasts could be constantly infected using CMV RNA and TMV RNA concentrations as low as 0.2 to 0.3μg/ml. The ratio of RNA and PEI was very important and excess amounts of RNA in inoculation mixtures lead to the drastic decrease in infection efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
Masao GOTO, Takao GOTO, Tadaoki INABA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 330-335
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIce nucleation-active bacteria isolated from frost-damaged vegetable leaves in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava (80.0% of total ice nucleation-active bacteria), P. syringae (12.0%), P. fluorescens (2.7%), and Erwinia ananas (5.3%). The dominance of P. viridiflava was remarkably different from the earlier data by Goto et al. in 1988 on the profile of ice nucleation-active bacteria detected in Shizuoka Prefecture on healthy plants such as tea buds, vegetable leaves, and Magnolia denudata flowers. Ice nucleation-active strains of P. syringae in this study were different from those in the previous one in biochemical properties such as pyoverdin production, gelatin liquefaction, and acid production from sucrose implying diversity of bacteriological characteristics in the strains of this epiphyte. Saprophytic bacteria not active as ice nuclei were isolated from 64 of 75 broccoli leaves with frost damage, whereas ice nucleation-active bacteria from only 10 similar leaf samples (13.3%). On these leaves, ice nucleation-active bacteria comprised 7.6 to 12.6% of the total population of epiphytic bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Hajime MASAGO, Masaaki YOSHIKAWA, Takao MATSUMOTO, Masao KATSUMOTO, Hi ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 336-343
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoluble proteins from 34 isolates representing 16 species of the genus Phytophthora, collected from different geographic locations and host plants, when analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, were resolved into 100 to 200 protein spots with different densities. Protein patterns differed markedly among different species and each species exhibited a distinctive and characteristic pattern. Although slight differences were occasionally observed in patterns of faintly-stained minor protein spots, those of densely-stained major protein spots were highly similar, if not identical, among isolates of the same species regardless of their geographic origin, original host plant, mating type, or virulence race. These results suggest that the two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns are species-specific and may be a useful measure to differentiate and identify species of the genus Phytophthora.View full abstractDownload PDF (2890K) -
Takashi HAGITA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 344-348
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and lily symptomless virus (LSV) were readily detected from bulb scales of infected Maximowicz's lily (Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii Baker) plants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, tulip breaking virus (TBV) was not efficiently detected from them by ELISA. The concentration of CMV and LSV appeared to be higher in the outer and inner bulb scales than in the middle ones. To detect both viruses reliably in Maximowicz's lily bulbs, it was necessary to homogenize two or more outer and/or inner bulb scales and to test the extracts by ELISA.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Tsuneo WATANABE1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 349-352
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Zenji SATO, Yukiko KOISO, Shigeo IWASAKI, Izumi MATSUDA, Akira SHIRATA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 353-356
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo compounds which were identified as fervenulin and toxoflavin were isolated as toxins produced by Pseudomonas glumae, the causal agent of bacterial grain rot of rice. These toxins produced a chlorotic spot on leaves of rice seedlings at a concentration of about 10μg/ml or more. It was also observed that the growth of leaves and roots of rice seedlings was reduced when they were treated with these toxins.View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K) -
Tomonori SHIRAISHI, Takao MIYAZAKI, Tetsuji YAMADA, Hachiro OKU, Seiji ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 357-360
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kentaro TANABE, Takashi TSUGE, Syoyo NISHIMURA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 361-365
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Sachiko KUNITAKE, Nobuaki MATSUYAMA1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 366-368
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Mitsuro KAMEYA, Ken-ichiro SHOHARA, Shigemitsu TO ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 369-372
Published: July 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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