All issues
Volume 23 (1958)
- Issue 5 Pages 207-
- Issue 4 Pages 159-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Hisayoshi NOSE1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 207-209
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn reclaimed paddy-fields in Tokushima Prefecture converted from upland fields where wheat, barley or mulberry had been cultivated, the sterility in rice-plants is frequently found for 1-3 years after the conversion, but not thereafter. The injury of this kind is seldom found in the converted fields where water is not retained for a long time and, therefore, the frequent irrigation is necessary, but it is apt to appear in the water retainable fields. Especially it seems that green manure or immature organic manure accelerates the outbreak of this injury. Concerning the action of bacteria the author campared the soil of converted paddy-fields with that of mature paddy-fields where rice-plants are cropped every year.
According to his investigation, in the soil of mature paddy-fields which have long been under cultivation of rice-plants, the growth of Microspira desulfuricans (Beij.) van Delden and Thiobac. denitrificans Beij. is very vigorous, while in the soil of the fields which are designed for conversion or cultivated for one year after conversion, the distribution of these bacteria is scarcely found. However, in the soil of 2-3-year-old converted paddy-fields they are observed to grow gradually, and especially in the soil of 3-year-old converted paddy-fields the bacterial growth is vigorous as well as in the mature paddy-field.
In converted paddy-fields the production of organic acids may be remarkable, especially if green manure or immature compost is added, in comparion with mature paddy-fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Observations on the fusaric acid production of the fungi of the genus Fusarium.(Supplementary report)Syoyo NISHIMURA1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 210-214
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe faculty to produce fusaric acid in culture which is toxic to plant living cell was investigated to continue to the writer's work reported previously, by using the 79 strains belonging to 8 species of the genus Fusarium, classified by Snyder-Hansen's nomenclature, and, additionally, the 15 strains of Fusarium-neighbouring (Nectria, Epicoccum) and other wilting fungi (Cephalosporium, Verticillium).
It was more verified that all the strains used belonging to the species Oxysporum and Moniliforme had the faculty to produce fusaric acid, without exception. And this biochemical facts was distinctly separate the strains belonging to the both species from those bolonging to the other six species in the genus Fusarium, Fusarium-neighbouring and other wilting fungi, employed in the present experiment.
The experimental results obtained above provided an opportunity for thinking the following two kinds of problems. First, the application of investigating the faculty to produce such specific metabolite as fusaric acid in culture will probably help in the species judgement of Fusaria, as a new attempt of comparative biochemical classification technique for micro-organisms. Second, it may give an interesting problem in the study of pathological wilting in plant that Fusaria belonging to the both species noted above, produce fusaric acid and then cause a systemic fusariose as wilting or damping off of host plant. But, in a comparison of the pathogenicity of a limited number of isolated strains, the most pathogenic was not necessarily the most fusaric acid-productive. Other more complex factors are involved in pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
(I). On the drug resistance of blast fungus, Piricularia oryzae, against phenyl mercuric acetate.Hiromu YOSHII, Yasuji ASADA, Akira KISO, Noboru TANABE1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 215-218
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the causal fungus of rice blast disease, Piricularia oryzae, was cultured on the modified Tochinai-Nakano's synthetic medium containing phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) for 40 stages (one stage is formed of 20 days culture), the fungus acquired the drug resistance against PMA.
(1) The drug resistant fungus develops vigorously on the medium containing phenyl mercuric acetate. The fungus respires more actively and shows far less inhibition of respiration by PMA than the normal fungus.
(2) The fungus also shows the resistance against mercuric chloride and phenyl mercuric dinaphthyl methane disulphonate, but not against methoxyethyl mercuric chloride and ethyl mercuric phosphate.
(3) Even if the drug resistant fungus is cultured on the normal medium containing no mercury for 5 stages (one stage is formed of 10 days culture), its resistance is not lost.View full abstractDownload PDF (4759K) -
Tomomasa MISATO, Itaru ISHII, Masaru ASAKAWA, Kazuo FUKUNAGA1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 219-224
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The activity in vitro of the three antifungal antibiotics Antimycin A, Blastmycin, and Blasticidin against rice blast (Piricularia oryzae) was studied. The germination of spores was completely prevented at a concentration of 50-100 mcg/ml of these antibiotics when tested by the drop culture method. The concentration at which the growth of mycelium was completely inhibited, when grown in shaken liquid media containing one of these antibiotics, was about the same as those of spore germination. In experiments to determine the concentration which completely inhibit growth, the concentration which prevented growth after 48 hours was insufficient to prevent growth after a week. The antibiotics required a concentration of 50-100mcg/ml in order to completely inhibit a week's growth.
(2) The stability of the antibiotics on slide-glasses, and on leaves of rice plants growing in the greenhouse was studied by the cup or paper disc method using agar plates seeded with Piricularia oryzae. Antimycin A and Blastmycin were so stable that most of the original activity remained after 2 weeks on the leaves. Blasticidin was stable in the dark places, but decomposed gradually when exposed to sunlight. Little activity was detectable after a week on rice leaves in the greenhouse.
In the simulated rain tests, Antimycin A, Blastmycin, and Blasticidin were found to be comparatively resistant simulated rainwashing. The simulated rain was approximately 10 millimeters per 10 minutes.
(3) In the greenhouse Antimycin A, Blastmycin, and Blasticidin were found to be effective as a protectant fungicide, but less effective than phenyl mercuric acetate against rice blast. Rice seedlings of uniform size were selected. When their top leaves were about half expanded, and other leaves were completely expanded, plants were sprayed with a solution containing 500mcg/ ml of the antibiotic, and inolulated with the spore suspension of Piricularia oryzae after their top leaves were completely expanded. The plants were then placed in a moist chamber at about 26°C. Seven to ten days after inoculation, the number of spots on the leaves was compared.
On all the leaves except the top leaves, almost the same number of leaf-spots developed on plants treated with the antibiotics as on those treated with phenyl mercuric acetate. The systemic effect of the antibiotics on the top leaves that expanded during the 4 days between the initial spraying and subsequent inoculation was inferior to that of phenyl mercuric acetate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1211K) -
I. Some experiments on the Phytoalexin production as affected by host plant conditions and on the nature of Phytoalexin produced.Kazuo UEHARA1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 225-229
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhytoalexin (PA for short) has been defined by Müller (1954) as antibiotics which are the result of an interaction between the host and the parasite, and which inhibit the growth of microorganism pathogenic to plants. In the present paper the results are dealt, of a study on the rate of production of PA, as affected by host plant conditions, and activities of PA, using soybean (Gylcine max Mer.) and Fusarium sp. which causes pod blight.
Drops of spore suspension of Fusarium were mounted on the inner surface of the seed rooms of the pods at different ages, and after centrifuging, the supernatant was tested for inhibitory action on the germination of fresh spores of Fusarium. It was found that the PA diffused distinctly into the drops placed on the young, unmatured pods, while hardly or not in the drops on the mature pods.
The PA productivity of the host tissue was determined by changing daily the drops placed on given points of young pods with new spore suspension, and by measuring the inhibitory action of the diffusates on each day. It was shown that the production of PA decreased remarkably on the second day, and sank nearly to zero on the fourth day.
PA in the diffusate from the pods lost most of its inhibitory activity, when heated at 100°C for 5 minutes or diluted to 1:8.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
I. On the activity as affected by ultraviolet irradiation and on some physico chemical properties of Phytoalexin.Kazuo UEHARA1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 230-234
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports some experiments on the nature of Phytoalexin (PA) produced as a result of the host-parasite interaction between pea, Pisum sativum L., and Ascochyta pisi Lib. Drops of spore suspension of A. pisi were placed on the seed rooms of pea pods and kept in moist chamber at 22°C. for 24 hours. These drops were then collected and centrifuged for 30 minutes at the rate of 3500 r.p.m. The supernatant, PA-solution, was subjected to treatments shown below, and then placed on the slide glass in moist chamber with the addition of the spore suspension of A. pisi for the purpose of the germination test. The procedures were carried out under aseptic condition, as possible.
The experiments and the results were as follows:
1) PA-solution was irradiated by ultraviolet-ray for various minutes at a distance of 45cm from the energy source. The source of ultraviolet-ray was a Tôshiba lamp for sterilization (model 1510 B, lamp GL-15×1). This lamp charged the rays between 1850 and 5780Å, but the greater parts were collected at 2537Å. The results showed that the activity of PA-solution was nearly lost by the exposure for 45-60 minutes (Table 1 and Fig. 1).
2) When PA-solution with active carbon was added at a rate of 10gr. per liter and shaken for 5 minutes, the activity of the solution was lost (Table 2).
3) When PA-solution was dried in the air for 24 hours at 22°C., the inactivation of the solution was resulted (Table 3).
4) Both pH and specific electric conductivity of PA-solution were measured, using the glass electrodes pH-meter and Wheatstone bridge respectively. The pH value was 5.7-5.8 and specific electric conductivity calculated from the electric resistance, was 164×10-6 mho. (Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
III. Host range.Yasuo KOMURO1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 235-239
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Various plant species, as many as 260 species in 74 families, were tested for susceptibility to the ordinary strain of the cucumber mosaic virus. Inoculations were made by the juice-rubbing method using carborundum powder. Plants in 117 species belonging to 39 families were infected by the virus. Local lesions developed on the inoculated leaves of plants in 20 species belonging to 9 families; systemic infection did not occur in these plants.
2) Forty-five species and varieties of plants, previously not reported as hosts of the cucumber mosaic virus, were found to be infected in this experiment. These are Chrysanthemum coronarium, Cucumis melo var. Conomon, C. melo var. Makuwa, Cucurbita moschata, Rubia cordifolia, Sesamum indicum, Veronica arvensis, Verbascum Thapsus, Linaria bipartita, Torenia crustacea, Nicotiana longiflora, Datura Tatula, Tubocapsicum anomalum, Solanum sisymbrifolium, Mentha arvensis, Cynoglossum amabile, Cuscuta japonica, C. sojagena, Ipomoea Nil, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Daphne odora, Viola mandshurica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Papaver orientale, P. Rhoeas, Argemone mexicana, Stellaria media, Silene Armeria, Gypsophyla elegans, Dianthus chinensis, D. Caryophyllus, D. superbus, Lychnis coronaria, Cerastium vulgatum, Portulaca oleracea, Mesembryanthemum spectabile, Phytolacca esculenta, Gomphrena globosa, Amaranthus tricolor, Chenopodium stenophyllum, C. Anthelminticum, Zingiber mioga, Musa basjoo, Lilium tigrinum and Colocasia Antiquorum. Among these, there are several plant species in which successful isolation of the virus from naturally occurring mosaic plants were reported in Europe and America, although no inoculation trials to the healthy plants were reported.
3) Negative results were obtained with Centaurea Cyanus, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Valeriana officinalis, Daucus Carota, Tropaeolum majus, Pelar gonium inquinans, Tulipa Gesneriana, Hyacinthus orientalis, Lilium cepa, Secale cereale and Triticum vulgare. These species were reported to be susceptible by previous workers. On the other hand, Papaver orientale which was listed as non-host in the U.S.A was infected in the present experiment.
4) It is considered that in the cucumber mosaic virus, are involved many strains which differ in their host range as well as in symptom expression on certain host plants. Consideration of the virus host range with special reference to plant phylogeny will be given in a later paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (308K) -
Akira YAMAGUCHI1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 240-244
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper some accounts are given on a tulip mosaic disease occurring in the central region of Japan.
Seedlings of Lilium formosanum were readily infected by mechanical inoculation of leaf sap expressed from mosaic-infected tulips (varieties, William Pitt and Feu Brilliant). Mottle or streak appeared on the newly developed leaves of lily about two weeks after inoculation. Thereafter, distortions of leaf and flower were noticed.
On the other hand, the results of inoculation to the test plants for cucumber mosaic virus, such as Nicotiana tabacum, N. glutinosa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, and Pisum sativum, were negative, suggesting that the cucumber mosaic virus is not involved in the common mosaic. The causal virus may be identified as so-called tulip mosaic virus (tulip breaking virus). However, it cannot yet be determined, whether the virus is color adding or color removing virus. described by McWhorter.
The presence of the virus in petal, leaf, bulb, and new bulb from the affected tulips was confirmed by means of sap inoculation to L. formosanum seedlings which served as a test plant. However, expressed sap from a resistant variety or suspected carrier varieties, such as Spring Field (white petal), Golden Harvest (yellow petal), or Queen of the Night (dark purple petal) failed to induce infection of the test plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (5359K) -
Takken MATUO, Nobuhiro SHIMIZU, Taketo TAKAGI, Eiji KUBOTA1958 Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 245-250
Published: December 30, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the change of the pathogenicity of Gibberella lateritium (Nees) Snyder et Hansen by passing through mulberry stems, and on the pectic enzymes-production of the fungus mycelium.
1) Generally, this fungus enters the mulberry stem through the injuries of stem surface in autumn and develops little by little during the dormant season. 45 mulberry stems (9 mulberry stems, 5 times) were used for comparing the pathogenicity of 3 strains of the fungus. The inoculation places of the 3 strains on mulberry stems were determined following the Latin square arrangement as shown in Fig. 1. The pathogenicity of the strains was represented approximately measuring area of lesions (average values of products of length (mm) and width (mm) of lesions). In order to compare the pathogenicity of strains between different inoculation groups, strain No. 1 was used as a check in every inoculation group, because of the relatively invariable pathogenicity of strain No. 1.
2) Some strains of Gibberella lateritium increased the pathogenicity clearly by passing through the living mulberry stem, but not the others.
3) The increase in pathogenicity of the causal fungus by passing through the mulberry stem did not reduce completely by culturing the fungus on potato decoction agar for about 12 months. However, the fungus did not increase their pathogeni-city additionally by passing twice through living mulberry tree.
4) The pectinase-production of this fungus strains in culture solution (modified glucose-aspara-gine culture solution) did not parallel the pathogenicity, but the pectase-production (the amount per mg of hyphae) ran parallel with the pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|