Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
Online ISSN : 1882-0484
Print ISSN : 0031-9473
ISSN-L : 0031-9473
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Volume 81 , Issue 3
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Presidential Address
Lectures by the Winners of the Society Fellowship
Abstracts of the Research by the Winners of the Young Scientist Award
Originals
  • Blast pathogens of wild annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the Shonai District, Yamagata Prefecture, northern Honshu Island, Japan.
    T. SUZUKI, H. WAKIMOTO, H. OHTAKE, S. HASE, T. NAMAI
    2015 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 188-193
    Published: 2015
    Released: November 11, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.81.188
    JOURNALS FREE ACCESS
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    A total of 27 blast isolates from wild annual ryegrass were evaluated to clarify the pathogenicity of the fungi on plants in the Shonai District of Yamagata Prefecture. After plants were sprayed with individual isolates, 25 of the 26 tested caused compatible-type lesions on commercial annual ryegrass, and 25 of 27 formed the same type of lesions on crabgrass. None formed such lesions on rice. Isolates pathogenic on crabgrass produced pyrichalasin H, the characteristic toxin of the crabgrass blast fungus, and their DNA was amplified by Digitaria-specific primers for PCR. Their RFLP bands for the β-tubulin gene matched those of Pyricularia grisea. The patterns for 2 isolates that were nonpathogenic on crabgrass matched those of P. oryzae. Thus, the wild annual ryegrass blast pathogens consisted of 2 species, P. grisea and P. oryzae, in the Shonai District of Yamagata Prefecture in northern Honshu Island.
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  • Improved DNA extraction from field soils for a highly sensitive quantification of Phomopsis sclerotioides by real-time PCR.
    N. NAKATA, T. YOKOYAMA, S. USHIO, T. NAGASAWA, S. YOSHIDA
    2015 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 194-203
    Published: 2015
    Released: November 11, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.81.194
    JOURNALS FREE ACCESS
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    For highly sensitive quantification of Phomopsis sclerotioides DNA from naturally infested watermelon field soils by real-time PCR, we improved a DNA extraction method and evaluated the extraction efficiency and the inhibitory effect of the soil extracts on the PCR. We used a FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals) to examine the effect of pretreatment of sampled soils, conditions for soil beating, and purification of soil extracts to obtain better quantitative values for the DNA of the fungus. Pretreatment with shaking and grinding the soil increased values to twice those obtained without the pretreatment, and optimal conditions for bead-beating of fungal cells in soil and subsequent purification to obtain higher values were determined. Use of this optimal extraction method increased quantification sensitivity over the previously reported method; the fungus was quantifiable from soils containing over 1 cfu/g fresh soil. For field soils, DNA quantities were adjusted based on extraction efficiencies of internal standard DNA because the extraction efficiency differed depending on the soil samples. These adjusted values were highly positively correlated with disease severities in cucumber seedling tests. Such DNA quantification of a pathogenic fungus from soil using real-time PCR and this optimal extraction method with an internal standard DNA should be useful for assessing the disease potential of field soils.
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Abstracts of the Papers Presented at the 2015 Annual Meeting
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