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Volume 26 (1961)
- Issue 5 Pages 193-
- Issue 4 Pages 143-
- Issue 3 Pages 87-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Kadzunori TATSUYAMA1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The present paper deals with the results of experiments through the paper-electrophoresis on the proteins contained in mycelia of several phytopathogenic fungi.
2) Under the current of 0.25mA/cm for 3 hours using veronal-K2HPO4-Na Borate buffer solution, three components of proteins (I, II, III) were recognized in mycelia of Piricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Gibberella fujikuroi, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora macrospora and Guignardia camelliae, but in mycelia of Corticium sasakii and Shiraia bambusicola four components of proteins (I, II, II', III) were recognized.
3) There were no qualitative difference between the two paper-electrograms of mycelia of different races of Piricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Gibberella fujikuroi.
4) The proteins detected by the paper-electrophoresis in mycelia of Piricularia oryzae decreased with the growing stages, and with in the extent of the writer's experiments, no electrophoretic proteins were recognized six weeks after the inoculation.
5) Proteins, especially I and II components, contained in mycelia of Piricularia oryzae decreased, if the mycelia were contacted with 10-4 molar solution of copper sulfate or mercuric chloride for 20 hours. The decrease of the components were probably caused by the degeneration of the proteins contacted with heavy metalic ions, but in the case of adding the metalic solutions to the juice macerated from mycelia of P. oryzae just before starting electrophoresis, the proteins did not decrease even at the concentration of 10-3 molar.View full abstractDownload PDF (3931K) -
Teinosuke KAWAMURA, Kazuya HIRANO1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 7-15
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBehavior of the root-knot nematode in yam was studied with anatomical methods. The nematode, which can be found from all parts of an old tuber, hibernates at several growth stages. The nematode, when it has settled in the tuber tissue, stops its further development. Eggs laid in the tuber tissue, however, hatch when the tuber decays.
Secondary larvae then leave the old tuber, and penetrate into primary roots of yam. Secondary larvae of the next generation leave the primary roots, an they act as infectious agents to new tubers.
As soon as new tubers develop, they become infected by the nematode. The infection is continuing throughout the period of growth in thickness of the tubers.
The secodary larvae penetrate into new tubers at any part of the tuber surface, but many of the larvae are found in the parts, which have already been infected. Perhaps some attracting substance is produced at the infected parts of the tubers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2462K) -
Yasuo SAITO, Kazuo TAKANASHI, Yoshito IWATA1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 16-18_1
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurification of two soil-borne viruses, namely wheat yellow mosaic virus and wheat green mosaic virus, was made. The morphology of these viruses was examined by the electron microscope.
Purification procedure was as follows: juice from the diseased leaves was emulsified by adding one-fifth volume of chloroform. The emulsion was then centrifuged to give three layer separation. The top aqueous layer was found to contain the virus, the bottom chloroform layer contained the chlorophyll, and the middle compact plug formed by the chloroform gel contained protein and cellular debris. The virus was further purified by three cycles of differential centrifugation. The final preparation was infectious for wheat plants when rubbed on the leaves with carborundum.
Electron microscopic examination of the purified preparation showed the presence of straight rod-shaped particles in both viruses. These particles were not found in a preparation from healthy plant leaves.
The most frequent length of the virus particles was 120-180mμ (mode 150-160mμ) in the wheat yellow mosaic, and 120-180mμ (mode 170mμ) in the wheat green mosaic. The average width of both viruses was 25mμ. As shown by these results, the two viruses were indistinguishable in size and shape of particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1984K) -
(3) Effect of Blasticidin S on respiration of Piricularia oryzaeTomomasa MISATO, Itaru ISHII, Masaru ASAKAWA, Yoichiro OKIMOTO, Kazuo ...1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of an antibiotic, blasticidin S, on respiration of spores, mycelial pellets, and isolated mitochondria of Piricularia oryzae was studied. Blasticidin S was previously reported to be effective as a therapeutic fungicide against the rice blast.
The spores were obtained by culturing the fungus on a medium consisted of 1% soluble starch, 0.2% yeast extract powder, 10% rice stem juice, and 1.5% agar, at 27°C for 10-14 days. The mycelial pellets were prepared by seeding 70ml of liquid medium (2% glucose, yeast extract powder 0.5%, rice stem juice 10%) in 500ml flasks with appropriate amount of spores, and culturing in a reciprocal shaking machine operating at about 120 strokes per minute at 27°C, for 3 days. The mitochondrial fraction was prepared from the above mentioned mycelial pellets by the Schneider's method. The respiration was measured in the usual way in a 12-unit rotary Warburg respirometer at 30°C.
Blasticidin S partially inhibited the oxygen uptake of the spores in the presence of glucose, pyruvate, succinate, or glutamate at the minimum spore germination inhibitory concentration (1μg/ml). The inhibition was still not complete at a concentration of 10μm/ml. Endogenous respiratin of the spores was not inhibited at this concentration.
Inhibition of respiration of the mycelial pellets caused by blasticidin S was almost the same as in the case of the spores. The oxygen uptake of the mycelial pellets in the presence of the abovementioned substrates was partially inhibited at the minimum mycelial growth inhibitory concentration (0.1μg/ml). Exogenous respiration was not completely inhibited at a concentration of 100μg/ml. Endogenous respiration of the pellets was not inhibited at this concentration.
The oxygen uptake of the mitochondrial fraction of the mycelial pellets in the presence of succinate was inhibited by blastmycin (antimycin A) at a concentration of 5μg/ml, but not by blasticidin S at a concentration of 500μg/ml. Therefore, blastcidin S was not considered to be directly inhibiting the succinoxidase system in the fungus.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
(4). Effect of Blasticidin S on the metabolism of Piricularia oryzaeTomomasa MISATO, Yoichiro OKIMOTO, Itaru ISHII, Masaru ASAKAWA, Kazuo ...1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Effect of Blasticidin S on glycolysis in Piricularia oryzae was-examined by measuring lactic acid according to the method of Backer Sammerson, using the suspension of washed mycelium prepared by the method described previously. The glycolysis was almost not inhibited by Blasticidin S, but was remarkably inhibited by phenyl mercuric acetate and monoiodoacetate.
2) Eflect of Blasticidin S on succinic dehydrogenase in cell free extract of the mycelium of Piricularia oryzae was examined by the method in which TTC reduction was measured by the Thunberg technique. Blasticidin S had no significant influence on the succinic dehydrogease.
3) Effect of Blasticidin S on the oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondrial fraction from rat liver was examined. Oxygen consumption was measured manometrically and phosphorylation was estimated by the determination of inorganic phosphate. The oxygen uptake and the oxidative phosphorylation by the rat liver mitochondria were not affected by Blasticidin S, but both reactions were inhibited by phenyl mercuric acetate and Blastmycin.
4) Effect of Blasticidin S on the turnover of inorganic phosphate by respiring mycelium of Piricularia oryzae was studied with the aid of exogenous inorganic phosphate labelled with 32P. 32P from labelled phosphate in the medium was taken up more into the nucleic acid fraction than into the phospholipid or the protein fraction of the mycelium. Each fraction was isolated by the method of Schneider. It was found that the incorporation of 32P into each of the fractions was not influenced by Blasticidin S.
5) Addition of 14C-glutamic acid to the suspension of the mycelium above mentioned resulted in the incorporation of 14C into the mycelium. Since 14C-glutamic acid was incorporated more into the protein fraction than into the nucleic acid or the phospholipid fraction, the incorporation was taken as a measure of examinig protein synthesis. The incorporation into the protein fraction of the mycelium was strongly inhibited by Blasticidin S at a concentration of 1μg/ml. Because this inhibitory concentration was almost equal to the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (0.1-1.0μg/ml), it seemed that the inhibition of protein synthesis was a primary effect of Blasticidin S on the metabolism of Piricularia oryzae.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
II. On the formation of free amino acids and sugars in P. filamentosaHirosuke OGURA, Shigeyasu AKAI, Tohru SATO1961 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: January 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper the writers described the results of experiments on the relation between the pathogenicity of thirty eight isolates of Pellicularia filamentosa and free amino acids as well as sugars produced in mycelium or in culture solution.
In culture solution and in mycelium, twelve kinds of free amino acids were detected by the method of paperchromatography. Lysine and methionine were found only in mycelium. Many isolates having an ability to produce alanine, threonine, leucine and undetermined amino acid (Rf=0.42) in mycelium and undetermined amino acid (Rf=0.42) in culture solution showed a high pathogenicity to cucumber seedlings.
Seven kinds of sugars were formed in culture solution and in mycelium. Some of non-pathogenic isolates did not produce undetermined sugar (Rf=0.43) in culture solution and sucrose in mycelium, but produced fructose in mycelium. Amino acids and sugars produced in mycelium were not always identical with those produced in culture solution.
Judging from these results, it may be difficult to divide P. filamentosa clearly into two biological forms, solani and sasakii.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K)
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