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Volume 62, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Li-Yun GUO, Wen-Hsiung KO1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen (+) and (-) isolates of Pythium splendens were paired on the opposite sides of a polycarbonate membrane, oospores were produced by (+) but not (-) isolate. In addition to the original mating type, the opposite mating type appeared in the progeny derived from selfed oospores of most (+) isolates tested. Occasionally self-fertile (±) and neuter (0) types were also detected. The self fertility nature of (±) was unstable and transitory, segregating into (+) and (-) types during asexual reproduction. It was postulated that selfing may have changed the mating type by altering the function of a repressor which regulated the expression of mating types with different molecular configuration.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Toru IWANAMI, Fumiaki YAMAO, Takeshi SENO, Hiroyuki IEKI1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 4-10
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sequence of the 3'-terminal 3116 nucleotides of satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) RNA1 was determined. The sequence contains a part of a single open reading frame of 2868 nucleotides and a non-coding region of 248 nucleotides upstream of the poly(A) tail. The C-terminal region of the ORF is apparently homologous to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of viruses. The amino acid sequence of this region shows homology with that of the genus Comovirus (28%, cowpea mosaic virus) followed by the genus Nepovirus (25%, grapevine fanleaf virus). There is no significant homology with the viruses of other genera, suggesting that SDV is comparatively closer to the como- and nepoviruses. However, the low homology of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene among SDV, the genus Comovirus and the genus Nepovirus in contrast to high conservation among viruses of the genus Comovirus (51-61%) and the genus Nepovirus (35-70%) suggests that SDV is distinct from those so far sequenced como- and nepoviruses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1640K) -
Seishi IKEDA, Hideyoshi TOYODA, Yoshinori MATSUDA, Masatake KUROKAWA, ...1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bacterium capable of efficiently digesting chitin was isolated from chitin-amended field soil. It was identified as Kurthia zopfii, and extracellular chitinases secreted into respective culture filtrates were electrophoretically analyzed using a polyacrylamide gel containing glycol chitin. The result indicated that K. zopfii produced the 72, 58, and 44 kilodalton chitinases. The gene (chiSH1) encoding chitinase was cloned from K. zopfii KI2-119 and the entire nucleotide sequence (2097 bases) was determined. In order to evaluate the feasibility of chitinolytic microbes on the protection of chitinous fungal diseases, viable cells of E. coli transformed with the chiSH1 were applied to barley leaves inoculated with the powdery mildew pathogen. The result indicated that the growth of the pathogen was effectively suppressed by the present treatment, suggesting the importance and effectiveness of chitinolytic microbes as a biocontrol agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (2413K) -
Kokichi TAKAHASHI, Koushi NISHIYAMA, Mamoru SATO1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new bacterial disease of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki×B. papyrifera) was found out in Tottori Prefecture in Japan in 1978. This disease was characterized by small leaf spots, shoot blight and the resulting dieback, and it was named bacterial blight of paper mulberry. The causal bacterium was classified as a group of Pseudomonas syringae. Comparative examinations of pathogenicity (host range) and bacteriological properties among the present bacterium and two P. syringae pathovars, mori and cannabina, pathogenic to moraceous plants were conducted. The present bacterium was pathogenic to paper mulberry, B. kazinoki and B. papyrifera but not mulberry and hemp, and therefore it was clearly distinguished from other two pathovars in their host range. From the results, it was concluded that the present bacterium isolated from paper mulberry is a new pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae. We propose to name Pseudomonas syringae pv. broussonetiae pv. nov. Strain Koz 8101 (MAFF 810036) is designated the pathotype strain, and has been deposited at MAFF collection together with three reference strains (MAFF 810037, 810038 and 810039).View full abstractDownload PDF (1845K) -
Zen-ichi MOROMIZATO, Kosaku KOYAMADA, Masao TAMORI1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe manner of use of the carbon source during the sclerotium formation of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-1 (IA) was examined. Both the hyphal weight and the number and weight of sclerotia increased with carbon concentration. When the shift of the carbon source during the formation on the check medium (1% glucose) was investigated with 14C-labeled glucose, almost the entire carbon source was consumed in the time interval from the initial to the maturing phases. CO2 evolution also showed a similar tendency. The residual carbon was detected at concentrations of carbon source above 1%, increasing linearly with the concentration. The branching internodes and cell lengths of hyphae were shorter at higher concentrations, meaning that a certain amount of carbon is essential for hyphal branching and septation, the first steps in the sclerotium morphogenesis. The activities of enzymes, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, associated with TCA cycle became more vigorous with the carbon concentration. The energy estimated from the CO2 evolution, required to produce sclerotia, was 4-10kcal/g. These results show that sclerotium morphogenesis requires a large amount of the carbon source because of the substrates and energy needed for enlargement, development and maturation. The hyphae, once developed, were hydrolyzed and reused for the sclerotium formation if the carbon source in the media had become depleted during the hyphal development.View full abstractDownload PDF (1705K) -
Kazuyuki HIRAYAE, Akiko HIRATA, Katsumi AKUTSU, Saburo HARA, Ilkka HAV ...1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 30-36
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarine bacterium, Alteromonas sp. strain 79401 was shown to suppress the conidial growth of plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae in vitro by means of its high chitinolytic activity. To use the ability of this bacterium for biocontrol, a DNA fragment (ca. 12kb) carrying the chitinolytic enzyme gene(s) was cloned into the plasmid pBR322. The resulting plasmid, pALCHI1, was introduced into Escherichia coli strain DH5. B. cinerea and B. fabae could not grow in the vicinity of the transformed E. coli colonies in vitro. Conidial germination and hyphal growth were markedly suppressed. Swelling of the conidia and germ tubes and bursting of hyphal tips were observed under a microscope, suggesting that the chitinolytic enzyme affected the fungal cell walls. This chitinolytic enzyme gene might be useful for the biocontrol of Botrytis spp. and other plant pathogenic fungi.View full abstractDownload PDF (3499K) -
Wen-Hsiung KO, Richard K. KUNIMOTO1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 37-39
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Piyasak CHAUMPLUK, Yukiko SASAKI, Naoko NAKAJIMA, Hideaki NAGANO, Ikuo ...1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 40-44
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Fumiyoshi FUKUMOTO, Hiroshi TOCHIHARA1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Fumiyoshi FUKUMOTO1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 49-52
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Hisatoshi KAKU, Kazuyuki HIRAYAE, Hirokazu OCHIAI, Satoko KANEMATSU, T ...1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 53-56
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kazuo NAKASHIMA, Takaharu HAYASHI, Witcha CHALEEPROM, Porntip WONGKAEW ...1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 57-60
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kinji USHIYAMA, Nobuo AONO, Nobuhiro KITA, Junko OGAWA1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 61-68
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree types of leaf spots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) have been found in Kanagawa Prefecture since 1981. Two species of Pestalotiopsis, which were frequently isolated from brown zonate symptom, were identified as P. longiseta (Spegazzini) Dai et Kobayashi and P. neglecta (Thümen) Steyaert, respectively. Since they showed pathogenicity on kiwifruit, this symptom was named as Pestalotia disease. From the brown circular or silver gray symptom, two species of Colletotrichum were frequently isolated and identified as C. acutatum Simmonds and C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. et Saccardo, respectively. The second type of the symptom was named as Anthracnose. From angular leaf spot symptom, Phomopsis sp. which had pathogenicity on kiwifruit was abundantly isolated and the symptom was named as Angular leaf spot. These pathogens were also isolated from the brown circular symptom found on the leaves of Actinidia arguta and confirmed their pathogenicity on kiwifruit and A. arguta.View full abstractDownload PDF (2194K) -
Hiromitsu FURUYA, Akira WAKUI, Tadashi TAKAHASHI, Tadao UI1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe soil distributed to the fields around Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station in Kitami district, Hokkaido (called Kitami soil hereafter) is suppressive to bean root rot pathogen, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. Macroconidial germination of the pathogen is strictly inhibited in the soil (Furuya and Ui, 1981). It has been suggested that both chemical and microbiological factors are involved in the inhibition as causal agents. The former is reported to be operative only under acidic conditions (Furuya, 1982). Exchangeable aluminum of the soil samples was reduced to 2.0meq/100g or less, when the inhibition is eliminated by addition of calcium carbonate. Among 15 soil samples collected from the fields around the Agricultural Experiment Station, 7 of them with less exchangeable aluminum than 2.0meq/100g did not show inhibition at all. Macroconidial germination is highly sensitive to aluminum, as it was inhibited at the concentration of 0.015meq/100ml in vitro. Manganese, another possible substance that could be toxic or inhibitory in acid soils, was not detected in Kitami soil at a concentration enough to inhibit the germination. These results suggest that aluminum toxicity plays a substantial role in the inhibition of macroconidial germination in the suppressive soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Hideo NASU, Gen KANADANI, Hirotaka DATE1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 75-78
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWeb-blight of European pear (Pirus communis L. var. sativa de Candolle cultivar ‘Passe Crassen’ and ‘La France’) occurred in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, in July of 1989 and in October of 1993, respectively. The pathogen obtained from infested leaves and sclerotia was identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB in respect to hyphal anastomosis and culture's types. The common name of Web-blight (“Kumonosubyo” in Japanese) is proposed for this new disease of European pear.View full abstractDownload PDF (1286K) -
Koji FUJITA, Yukio HARADA1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 79-83
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCystospores of Phytophthora syringae were able to germinate at temperatures between 0-25°C, with an optimum at 15-20°C, but failed to germinate at 30°C. The germ tube attained 50μm long or more after 6hr at 15-20°C. The fungus achieved invasion into lenticel tissue in 8hr at 15°C, when inoculated with zoospores. Under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, it was observed that the infection could occur, not only through lenticels but also through cracks in the cuticle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1577K) -
Akira ISHIGURO, Teruo SANO, Yukio HARADA1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 84-86
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA viroid was detected from coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) in Japan, which was 1 nucleotide larger (249nt) than coleus blumei viroid 1 (CbVd1) and coleus yellow viroid (CYVd), indicating that the viroid was an isolate of CbVd1. Four species of plants in Labiatae (Mentha spicata, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Ocimum basilicum and Melissa officinalis), in addition to coleus, were first found to be infected with the CbVd1 without showing any detectable disease symptoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
Michiyoshi ARAI1996 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: February 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA disease of hydrangea was found in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, 1990. Dark green to graysh brown lesions appeared on the leaf blades and blooms of the plants. A species of Botrytis was isolated from those lesions. Conidia were obvoid to ellipsoid, 1-celled, hyaline or pale brown. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 20-25°C on PDA medium. The fungus isolated was pathogenic to fruits of eggplant, cucumber, green pepper and tomato. The causal agent was identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries. Gray mold of hydrangea was proposed to the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1376K)
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