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Volume 49 (1983)
- Issue 5 Pages 581-
- Issue 4 Pages 457-
- Issue 3 Pages 279-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 49, Issue 4
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Masao GOTO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 457-462
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bacterial disease characterized by leaf spots and shoot blight occurred on Photinia glabra Maxim. growing in Japan as a hedge or an ornamental tree. A comparative study of pathological and biochemical properties of the causal agent with six pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae, i.e., pv. eriobotryae, pv. lachrymans, pv. myricae, pv. phaseolicola, pv. pisi and pv. theae, indicated that the Photinia bacterium shared many biochemical properties with these bacteria but its pathogenicity was restricted to Photinia glabra. The present bacterium was distinguished from the above pathovars in the inability to utilize mannose, melibiose and malonate as a sole source of carbon and to hydrolyse Tween 80. Other discrepancies fell within the scope of the pathovars of P. syringae. Therefore, the Photinia bacterium was classified as the new pathovar of P. syringae, and the name P. syringae pv. photiniae was proposed. The isolate A-5 was designated as the pathotype strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1115K) -
Tokito TOMINAGA, Kayo KIMURA, Naotoshi GOH1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 463-466
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bacterial disease occurred on young seedlings in a few nursery boxes devised for the rice transplanters in Niigata Prefecture in May, 1976. The disease was found in about 25, 000 nursery boxes in 1980. The affected seedlings originally showed the symptoms of brown stripes on the sheaths, frequently extending out to their leaf blades. Heavy infection may cause yellowing and killing of the seedlings. On the basis of bacteriological characteristics and pathogenicity, the bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas avenae Manns 1909.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Wu-hsiung TSAI, Wen-hsiung KO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 467-470
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultures of single mycelial fragments from the cottony mycelial mass of Rhizoctonia solani occurring on rice plants with sheath blight consisted of a new cottony type and the ordinary type. The new variant reverted to the ordinary type in every case before it covered the petri plate. It was pathogenic to rice plants and the transitory nature of the organism also occurred in the parasitic phase of the life cycle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Cell Wall Regeneration of ProtoplastsHiroshi ISHIZAKI, Akira YAJIMA, Mitsuru KOHNO, Hitoshi KUNOH1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 471-480
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of isoprothiolane (IPT) on the regeneration process of protoplasts isolated from hyphae of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. were examined by electron, phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopies. Electron microscopy revealed that freshly-prepared protoplasts were completely devoid of cell wall. The plasmalemma became corrugated, and small, vesicle-like protrusions appeared from it before any sign of incipient cell wall regeneration, regardless of the presence or absence of IPT. Electron-dense, particle-like wall materials were deposited on the original protoplasts prior to budding within 2hr after incubation; they were loosely organized along the plasmalemma and developed to form cell walls of fibrillar structure in controls. The overall features and developmental process of cell walls formed in the presence of 20ppm IPT were similar to those in controls, whereas cell walls formed in the presence of 50ppm IPT were thinner and less compact than those of controls. Protoplasts incubated in the regenerating medium formed bud-like protrusions by 2hr after incubation. Regardless of the presence or absence of IPT they continued to repeat budding-like divisions until 8hr, resulting in chains of budded cells. Normal hyphae arose from either original protoplasts or budded cells in chains at 8hr. By 24hr after incubation in control solutions nearly 50% of incubated protoplasts had produced hyphae. However, hyphae arose from only 1% of protoplasts in 20ppm IPT and were never produced in 50ppm, even after 24hr. IPT evidently interfered with cell wall regeneration of protoplasts of P. oryzae, but whether the observed effect was the expression of the primary or secondary action of IPT remains uncertain.View full abstractDownload PDF (2036K) -
Kazumi SUZUKI, Iwao FURUSAWA, Masaki YAMAMOTO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 481-487
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein synthesis involved in halo formation on cellulose membranes by appressoria in Colletotrichum lagenarium was investigated and role of halo formation in the penetration into cellulose membranes was clarified. The prosperity and decay of a polypeptide with molecular weight of 95K daltons (P-95), which was synthesized only when appressoria were formed, correlated with those of appearance of haloes on the cellulose membranes and cellulose digestion activity. This fact indicates that the P-95 is closely associated with cellulase, which presumably causes halo formation around the penetration sites. Appressoria formed in the presence of cycloheximide did not form haloes and penetration hyphae, but the penetration peg was observed at the site of contact of the appressorium with membranes. After removal of cycloheximide, these appressoria could elongate penetration hyphae into cellulose membranes in the presence of nutrient. Moreover, halo formation was suppressed when mature appressoria were incubated in the presence of nutrient, whereas the elongation of penetration hyphae was not affeted. These findings suggest that chemical dissolution of cellulose membranes, which causes halo formation, is dependent upon de novo protein synthesis during morphogenesis of appressoria and plays a significant role in supplying nutrient necessary for the formation of penetration hyphae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1099K) -
Hideyoshi TOYODA, Yashuharu OOISHI, Tokuzo HIRAI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 488-494
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, quantitative immunoelectrophoresis was conducted for TMV estimation, by using antibody conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). FITC-conjugated antibody (FA) showed the same properties as non-conjugated antibody, in precipitate formation to antigen, stainability with Amido Black 10-B and electrophoretic mobility of antigen-antibody complex. Using broad ranges of TMV and FA concentrations, optimal conditions for TMV estimation were statistically clarified in each combination, and the linear regression line was offered within defined range of TMV to each FA concentration for a basis of routine quantification of TMV. Sensitivity for detection was highly enhanced by using FA. TMV as small as 0.008μg was successfully detected only by fluorescence of conjugating FITC emitted under UV-irradiation. The high accuracy of TMV quantification was reached when applied to inoculated or systemically infected tomato leaves. In one case, the variability of the migration distance was below 3% level and that of calculated TMV contents was between 5% and 8% level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1251K) -
Zenichi MOROMIZATO, Tetsuo AMANO, Masao TAMORI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 495-500
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of light on the sclerotial formation of two isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (AG-1, IA) were studied. The irradiation by fluorescent lamp on the mycelia of the isolates increased the number of sclerotial initials and mature sclerotia, although mycelial growth and total weight of sclerotia in a Petri dish were not affected. The irradiation was carried out at several phases of sclerotial differentiation and the promotion was observed at all phases with the most striking effect at hyphal and sclerotial initial phases. The pigmentation of sclerotia during sclerotial maturation was inhibited to some extent by the light, and the tyrosinase activity which catalyzes the melanization decreased concomitantly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1250K) -
Hiroshi TANAKA, Reiko UEGAKI, Takane FUJIMORI, Kunio KATO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 501-507
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntibacterial activity of 7 sesquiterpenoids (glutinosone, occidenol, occidentalol, phytuberin, phytuberol, solanascone, and solavetivone) elicited, by Pseudomonas solanacearum or tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco leaves was determined. The activity was assayed on a thin-layer chromatogram plate by coating agar medium seeded with Pseudomonas solanacearum or P. syringae pv. tabaci and 2, 3, 5, -triphenyltetrazoliumchloride solution. Glutinosone, solanascone, and solavetivone were highly antibacterial, occidenol and occidentalol were the next, and phytuberin and phytuberol were weakly antibacterial. When these compounds were examined by the paper-disk bioassay, none of them showed antibacterial activity to P. solanacearum or P. syringae pv. tabaci but glutinosone, occidenol, occidentalol, and solavetivone showed antibacterial activity to Bacillus subtilis and the inhibition zone by occidentalol was significantly smaller than ones by the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (1615K) -
Takashi YAMAMOTO, Masayoshi ISHII1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 508-513
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) were inoculated alone or together to three cucumber cultivars having different degrees of resistance to the viruses, and the concentration of the virus in the infected leaf and the rate of transmission of the viruses by the Aphis gossypii were examined. The virus concentration in leaves infected with either CMV or WMV showed a highly positive correlation with the rate of transmission by the aphid. The concentration of the CMV was low in the cultivar showing milder symptoms. On the other hand, the concentration of WMV was high in any cultivar, and it was easily transmitted by the aphid from the torelant cultivar, Aonaga-suyo, showing no symptoms. The disease symptoms were severer in leaves infected with both viruses in all the cultivars tested, than in the leaves infected with either one of the viruses. The transmission rates of both viruses when leaves were doubly infected with both viruses was much different from that when the leaves were infected with only one virus. The transmission rate of CMV from doubly infected leaves was higher in all the cultivars tested than that from the singly infected leaves. The transmission rate of CMV was increased 7 fold in the cultivar Aonaga-suyo which is resistant to CMV. Conversely, the transmission rate of WMV from doubly infected leaves in all the cultivars tested was markedly decreased than that from the singly infected leaves. These results are thought to reflect the differerence in the concentration of the two viruses in the leaves infected with both viruses together.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
I. The Pathological Changes in the Early Infection Stage of the Inner Epidermal Cells of Leaf SheathHirofumi TOMITA, Susumu YAMANAKA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 514-521
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe host-parasite interaction of rice blast disease was examined periodically by a sliced-sheath inoculation method. The course of infection in the sliced-sheath tissues of three varieties, carrying individually a resistance gene Pi-k, Pi-ta or Pi-i, to Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, was observed after inoculation with race 047 of this fungus. Race 047 penetrated into the inner epidermal cells of leaf sheath, regardless of the resistance or susceptibility of the varieties used. After penetration, characteristic changes in the processes of hyphal development and cell response became obvious, and the reactions were classified into three types, i.e. highly resistant (HR), resistant (R) and susceptible (S) reactions. In HR reaction the fine particles became visible in the cells soon after penetration (fine granulation) and the infection hyphae failed to develop from the penetrated cell into the adjacent cells. Later the finely granulated cells became pale yellow or slight brown throughout the cell and generally did not brown deeply. In R reaction the hyphal development was observed for 8-12hr after penetration as well as in S reaction. Then the fine particles became visible, and followed by the larger coarse particles (coarse granulation). With the appearance of cytoplasmic granulation, hyphal growth was gradually suppressed and the infection hyphae extended very slowly into the surrounding cells. In S reaction the penetrated cells almost remained visibly unchanged for 20hr after penetration in spite of vigorous hyphal growth, and then later became granulated. In R and S reactions, slightly and/or deeply browned particles were finally observed throughout the cells. These results suggested that the resistance expression was more closely related with the occurrence of cytoplasmic granulation rather than that of deep browning in the infected cells. Moreover, two resistant reactions, HR and R, should be strictly distinguished on the study on resistance mechanism in rice blast disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1671K) -
Mamoru SATO, Koushi NISHIYAMA, Akira SHIRATA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 522-528
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPseudomonas syringae pv. atropurpurea, a causal agent of halo blight of Italian ryegrass, produces coronatine (Cor) which is a toxin inducing halo blight lesions on the leaves. The relationship between Cor productivity and a specified plasmid DNA in this bactreium was studied. The plasmid of approximately 58 Mdal named as pCORl was detected in all of the 34 Cor+ wild strains tested including NIAS 1309. On the contrary, none of pCORl was detected in all of the Cor- strains obtained as spontaneous mutants from NIAS 1309 or isolated from the host plants. Furthermore, all of the 38 Cor- mutants obtained from NIAS 1309 by the treatment with acridine orange (75 to 200ppm) simultaneously lost pCORl plasmid completely. Among them, however, 29 mutants still harboured a smaller plasmid (about 40 Mdal) seemed to be a defective pCORl. These results strongly suggest that the plasmid pCORl codes Cor productivity of the bacterium.View full abstractDownload PDF (1587K) -
Masatake OHMASA, Nobuo MURATA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 529-538
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCell proteins of 22 strains of Erwinia species were analyzed by O'Farrell's two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An acidic major protein was found to be varied greatly with the strain. This protein may be used in the classification and identification of Erwinia strains. Fractionation studies of cell proteins showed that the acidic protein was an outer membrane protein and similar to the “major envelope protein” of Escherichia coli B described by Rosenbusch. Two-dimensional gel protein profiles of whole cell proteins of the Erwinia species also differed with the strains. The difference was visualized by comparison of intense spots. The distribution of intense spots was clearly different among strains of E. herbicola, E. rubrifaciens and E. carotovora, which belong to the herbicola, amylovora and carotovora groups, respectively. In E. carotovora strains isolated from various host plants, the distribution of the intense spots seemed to vary with the origin of the isolate. Whole cell protein profiles of E. carotovora isolates from potato plants showed considerable similarity within the group. Isolates of E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica were very uniform in their protein profiles. All of these facts may indicate that two-dimensional gel protein profiles of whole cell proteins can be used as an additional tool for classification and identification of Erwinia strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1997K) -
Takashi NAIKI, Yasumitsu MORITA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 539-544
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high population of spinach wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, was found in the fields where F. oxysporum population was high. In rhizosphere soil around diseased spinach roots, about 69% of F. oxysporum isolates were pathogenic on spinach seedlings, and the highest population of the pathogen (6, 600 propagules/g dry soil) was found. The population was relatively low in loam and loam clay soil, and also in drained rice paddy fields, but high in upland fields with light clay soil, especially in the field where spinach plant has been cultivated annually for over 6 years. The pathogen was also numerous in fields lower than 700m above sea level. The optimum temperature for hyphal growth of the pathogen was between 25 and 28C, and the wilt disease was severe above 25C. The occurrence of much large population of the pathogen and more severe wilt disease at the low-elevation areas might be due to the high soil temperature. The minimum spores to cause the wilt disease were between 10 and 100/g dry soil. The number of pathogen enough to cause the wilt disease was found in every field, even where the wilt incidence has never been found.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Hiroyuki HIBINO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 545-553
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were isolated from rice plant infected with a Philippines isolate of tungro. RTBV was transmitted alone or together with RTSV by the leafhopper Nephotettix virescens from rice plants infected with both RTBV and RTSV, but not from plants with RTBV alone, while RTSV was transmitted alone. RTBV transmission by the leafhopper also occurred when the leafhoppers were previously fed on RTSV diseased plants. The minimum acquisition access period of RTSV and hypothetical “helper factor” for RTBV transmission by the leafhopper was 10min, and RTBV was acquired in a 30min access. The “helper factor” was retained for 7 days by the leafhopper, whereas RTSV was retained for 2 days. The “helper factor” was not retained in the leafhopper after the moulting.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Tadaoki INABA, Tadashi MORINAKA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 554-557
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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A Rapid and Accurate Analysis of Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins by High Performance Liquid ChromatographyYoshihiko MASUDA, Tomonori SHIRAISHI, Seiji OUCHI, Hachiro OKU1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 558-560
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Ikuo KADOTA, Akira OHUCHI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 561-564
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Hokuriku area of Japan, a bacterial disease of rice seedlings showing new symptoms has been found in farmer's nursery boxes several years ago. Ten pathogenic isolates obtained from affected plants were identified as Pseudomonas avenae Manns by their bacteriological properties. The inoculation to rice seeds with the bacterium resulted in four types of symptoms i.e., brown stripe on leaf, inhibition of germination, curving of leaf sheath, and abnormal elongation of mesocotyl. Among them, brown stripe on leaf has been reported to be caused by the bacterium. The other three types of symptoms were first confirmed from the results of this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1341K) -
Fumio TANAKA, Izumi SAITO, Kuniyuki MIYAJIMA, Sadao TSUCHIYA, Kazuo TS ...1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 565-566
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1981, Fusarium nivale (=Gerlachia nivalis) isolates were collected from winter wheat in Hokkaido, and thier tolerance to thiophanate-methyl and benomyl was investigated in vitro. About 87 percents of 45 isolates tested were found to be highly tolerant to thiophanate-methyl (minimal inhibitory concentration 40, 000ppm) and benomyl (minimal inhibitory concentration 1, 000ppm).View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
Mabito IWASAKI, Isamu MAEJIMA, Akira SHINKAI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 567-568
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the unplowed paddy field, where rice waika disease was prevalent in the previous year, 76 out of 18, 620 rice stubbles regenerated spring ratoons. Rice waika virus (RWV) was recovered from 35 of 48 ratoons tested by Nephotettix cincticeps and by electron microscopy of the partiallypurified samples. From these results, it indicated that RWV was overwintered in the diseased rice stubbles in the unplowed paddy fields. The more spring ratoons from rice stubbles were found in year of warmer winter at around Chikugo, Fukuoka.View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
Microautoradiography of Conidia of Alternaria kikuchiana TanakaHiroshi ISHIZAKI, Mitsuru KOHNO, Hitoshi KUNOH1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 569-572
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Takashi NAIKI, Yasumitsu MORITA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 573-575
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Masao GOTO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 576-578
Published: September 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (243K) -
1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 577a
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (99K) -
1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 577b
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (99K)
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