Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
Online ISSN : 1882-0484
Print ISSN : 0031-9473
ISSN-L : 0031-9473
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Volume 77, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Originals
  • Occurrence of mepanipyrim-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea.
    H. SUZUKI, K. KURODA, K. KIDA, A. MATSUZAWA, M. TAKAGAKI
    2011 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 24, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.77.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We tested 977 strains of Botrytis cinerea, isolated from eggplants and tomatoes between 2002 and 2006 in Mie Prefecture, for their sensitivity to mepanipyrim. In the in vitro assays using the FGA-paper disc method, the MIC values for 974 strains were 3 ppm, whereas three strains collected from a greenhouse in 2005 had MIC values >3 ppm. In an in vivo assay using cucumber to determine whether the three strains were resistant to mepanipyrim, mepanipyrim gave 100% control of the sensitive strains at 100 ppm but had poor efficacy against the three strains and a resistant strain isolated from Europe. Therefore, the strains were confirmed to be resistant to mepanipyrim. This is the first report of mepanipyrim-resistant strains of B. cinerea in Japan. The practical dosage of mepanipyrim WP had excellent efficacy against resistant strains to mepanipyrim in the field trial. However, the rate of resistant strains significantly increased in the area treated with mepanipyrim compared with the nontreated area.
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  • Bacterial spot, a new disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) caused by Xanthomonas arboricola.
    H. SAWADA, Y. KUNUGI, K. WATAUCHI, A. KUDO, T. SATO
    2011 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 7-22
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 24, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.77.7
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new bacterial disease was found on leaves, berries and their pedicels of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cvs. Kaiji, Rosario Bianco and others) in orchards of Koshu and Minami-Alps cities, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan in 2008 and 2009. Leaf spots were restricted by veins, angular, water-soaked, first yellowish white to yellow, and later turned brown to blackish brown, and necrotic. Oval, slightly depressed, brown to blackish brown, necrotic spots formed on young berries and pedicels. The causal bacterium, which was demonstrated by inoculation and reisolation to be pathogenic on grapevine, was a gram-negative, aerobic rod with one polar flagellum. It formed yellow slimy colonies and had biochemical and physiological characters similar to those of Xanthomonas species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it belonged to the Xanthomonas campestris core of the Xanthomonas clade. gyrB phylogeny and rep-PCR analysis further clarified that it formed a distinct clade with X. arboricola pathovars, in which the analyzed grapevine isolates were interspersed with X. arboricola pathovars. On the basis of the phenotypes and genotypes, we identified the causal bacterium as Xanthomonas arboricola Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters and Swings 1995. This report is the first in the world of a grapevine disease caused by X. arboricola, so we propose the name bacterial spot of grapevine for the disease. The results of grapevine inoculation tests, gyrB phylogenic analysis, rep-PCR analysis, and disease surveys in Yamanashi Prefecture showed that the causal bacterium was a genetically heterogeneous complex of opportunistic pathogens with weak pathogenicity.
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