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Volume 10 (1940 - 194･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 297-
- Issue 2-3 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 10, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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II. The Rôle played by Insects in the Transfer of Spermatia in the FungusEikichi KAWAMURA1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 297-303
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the results of the experiment concerning insect agent in carrying the spermatia of Gymnosporangium Haraeanum and fertilizing the fungus were reported. These can be summarized as follows:
1. The nectar, secreted from the pustules on pear leaves, contains reducing sugar, and is sweetish to the taste, but has no distinct odor.
2. Under field conditions, by preventing the free access of the insects to the pustules on pear leaves with cheesecloth covering, the formation of aecia was reduced to half, as compared to those infections which were not covered.
3. It was proved experimentally that the insects, Eristalis cerealis FABRICIUS, Musca domestica LINNAEUS, Calliphora erythrocephala MEIGEN and Iridomyrmcx itoi FOREL, mix the nectars of separate monosporidial pustules and thus cause the production of aecial stage of the fungus.
4. In the fields in the city of Hukuoka, the insects, mentioned below, have visited the pustules on pear leaves and brought about the spermatia from one pustule to another. They are Musca domestica LINNAEUS, Sarcophaga melanura MEIGEN, Calliphora erythroephala MEIGEN, Ophyra calcogaster WIEDEMANN, Chortophila cinerella FALLÉN, Eristalis cerealis FABRICIUS, Syrphus corolla FABRICIUS, S. ribesii LINNAEUS, S. baltcatus DE GEER, Formica fusca japonica MOTSCHULSKY, Paratrechina flavipes SMITH, Iridomyrmex itoi FOREL, Pristomyrmex japonicus FOREL, Lasius fuliginosus LATREILLE, Camponotus herculeanus japonicus MAYR, Bassus laetatorius FABRICIUS, Arge nigrinodosa MOTSCHULSKY, Rhaphidopalpa femoralis MOTSCHULSKY, and Anthrenus verbaci LINNAEUS. Among them flies visited the pustules most frequently and ants were second.
5. Duration of excretion of the nectar from sterile pustules was longer than that of fertilized ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
Takewo HEMMI, Shigeyasu AKAI, Humio OHNO1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 304-316
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The present paper deals with the results of the writers' investigations on the relative resistance of beech wood (Fagus crenata BL.) to sixteen species of wood-destroying fungi under controlled laboratory conditions.
2. It is advisable to adopt HUBERT's suggestion that the length of service of wood with respect to decay should be termed decay durability and the relative resistance of wood to decay under controlled laboratory conditions should be termed decay resistance. The results of the writers' experiment will be effectual in order to get an approximation of the relative durability of the wood, though they do not tell absolute durability.
3. In the experiment, the fungi to be tested had been previously grown on an agar medium in the flasks of a special shape, before the test blocks of beech wood were inserted and then kept, as they scand, at 24°C for 320 days long.
4. The fungi tested are as follows: Polystictus hirsutus, P: sanguineus, Polyporus rhodophaeus, P. orientalis, P. Patouillardii, P. Mikadoi, P. Schweinitzii, P. betulinus, P. sulphureus, Ganoderma applanatum, G. lucidum, Irpex consors, Stereum frustulosum, S. induratum, Fomes pinicola and Trametes Dickinsii.
5. The mycelia of Polyporus Mikadoi, P. orientalis, P. Patouillardii, Ganoderma applanatum and G. lucidum indicated clearly the formation of zone-lines in the places of contact with the glass-walls of the flasks.
6. In the present experiment the test blocks infested with Polyporus Mikadoi showed the most serious decay and those infested with Stereum frustulosum showed the highest resistance. Losses in average dry weight of the blocks were 60.92% in the former and 11.15% in the latter.
7. The degree of losses in dry weight of the test blocks did not run parallel with the grade of the mycelial growth on them. With an exception of Polyporus Mikadoi, the fungi which cause white pockets in woods showed generally a tendency of the poor growth of mycelium and a little loss in dry weight of the beech wood. But they produced clear pockets in the deep portion in the blocks.
8. In the case of Polystictus hirsutus and P. sanguineus, in which the optimum temperatures for their mycelial growth are conspicuously higher than the temperature used in the experiment, the superficial portion of the test blocks decayed highly and consequently the fairly high percentages of the weight-loss were recorded. However, the almost sound tissue of the wood remained in the central portion.
9. Polyporus orientalis and P. Schweinitzii, which are commonly found on pine-trees and other conifers in Japan, caused the rot of the test blocks in the experimental conditions, the former showing white pockets and the latter brown cubical rot.View full abstractDownload PDF (2524K) -
S. HORI1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 317-325
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (614K) -
S. IKATA, K. YAMAUTI1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 326-328
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1414K) -
1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 329-339
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (710K) -
1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 340-349
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (633K) -
1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 349-358
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (649K) -
1941 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 358-365
Published: 1941
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (556K)
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