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Volume 40 (1974)
- Issue 5 Pages 383-
- Issue 4 Pages 277-
- Issue 3 Pages 159-
- Issue 2 Pages 79-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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II. Inoculation with CGMMVKeng-Tang HUANG, Yasuhide MATSUZAWA, Tomomasa MISATO1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpraying inoculation of CGMMV on cucumber seedlings was performed by automatic sprayer. When the spraying conditions (gauge pressure: 4kg/cm2, spraying distance: 20cm, exposure periods: 0.5sec. and carborundum conc.: 1%) were applied, the CGMMV inoculum, fresh weight (g) of infected leaves per 50-100ml of distilled water, was necessary for complete infection on 3 week-grown seedlings of cucumber plant (var. Sagami-Hanjiro).
These conditions were affected by each other. However, carborundum contents from 0.5 to 2% might be less affectible, whereas, 20% of carborundum content apparently enhanced the infectivity of CGMMV.
Several substances were tested for their anti-CGMMV activities, and none of them showed the remarkable inhibition, except that N-lauroyl-DL-methionine showed some-what weak inhibitory activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Takushi OBATA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 6-13
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large number of Xanthomonas citri isolates representing five major citrus regions (excluding quarantined canker-free export areas involved) were tested for their susceptibility to Wakimoto's phages CP1 and CP2. Throughout the regions, CP2-sensitive strains were predominantly widespread in Satsuma orange plantings while in plantings of other varieties, both CP1-sensitive and CP2-sensitive strains occur in varying ratios. Geographical pattern of the strain distribution was not distinct. Two different strains can occur in mixture on one leaf of a tree but one single lesion is usually composed of one homologous strain.
Of a sum total of 1256 isolates collected in wide range surveys, only 17 (1.4 percent) were resistant to both CP1 and CP2. None out of 2514 isolates examined in intensive spot surveys was resistant to both phages. No indication was recognized for the presence in clusters of immune strains in any part of the covered regions. Intraspecific lysis spectrum of CP1 plus CP2 is comprehensive enough to include virtually all X. citri strains which occur in Japanese citrus export regions.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
VII. The breakdown of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves systemically infected with cucumber mosaic virusSakari KATO, Tadao MISAWA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 14-21
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper dealts with the results of studies on the breakdown of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves systemically infected with CMV. The major findings are as follows: chlorophyllase activity gradually decreases and chlorophyll contents rapidly decreases as viral infection progresses. High content of pheophytin, a form lacking magnesium in chlorophyll, is found in the mosaic and yellowish areas of infected leaves but the amounts of chlorophyllides and pheophorbides are negligible in the same areas. Pheophytin is never produced from chlorophyll by the optimal reaction of chlorophyllase or proteolytic enzyme. These results suggest that the breakdown of chlorophyll in the leaves showing mosaic is mainly due to the conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin by the alteration of intracellular environment that occurs as a result of viral infection.
The concentration of carotenoids increases also in the mosaic and yellowish areas of infected leaves. Especially, xanthophyll. a yellow pigment, increases markedly.
The content of fraction I protein in infected leaves dereases remarkably as the symptoms progress. The decrease of fraction I protein content is found to be closely correlated with the breakdown of chlorophyll. But, the mechanisms by which these two materials are degraded appear to be different.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
Akira OHUCHI, Tokito TOMINAGA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndo type of pectin trans-eliminase (pectin lyase, PTE) produced by a pathogenic isolate of soft rot pseudomonad was distinctly separated into two fractions, PTE 1 and 11 by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The PTE 1 was not absorbed with the ion exchanger, and purified 362-fold with a yield of 22.1% by means of NaCl gradient elution method on CM-cellulose column.
The purified enzyme was found to be homogeneous in free boundary electrophoretic and in ultracentrifugal analyses. The preparation showed the enzymatic activity of both tissue maceration and PTE, which were little different each other in several physical properties. It was indicated that the plant tissue maceration by a culture filtrate of this bacterium was caused by the endo-PTE.View full abstractDownload PDF (1265K) -
Tadaoki INABA, Toshihiro KAJIWARA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 30-38
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of 14C photosynthetic products in cucmber leaf infected with the cucumber downy mildew fungus, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostow., was studied for elucidating the relationship between the fungus and the photosynthetic products in infected cucumber leaves.
When the plant was exposed to 14CO2 1 day before inoculation, 14C photosynthetic products 5 and 7 days after inoculation were not accumulated in lesions. The infected plant with no visible symptoms was exposed to 14CO2 2 days after inoculation. 14C photosynthetic products were accumulated 6, 8 and 14 days after inoculation in freckle areas which seemed to appear at an early stage of the symptom development. When the infected plant was exposed to 14CO2 8 days after inoculation, the amount of radioactive carbon in lesions was estimated to be less than that in the healthy part of the same leaves immediately after the exposure to 14CO2. During the subsequent period from 7hr to 5 days after the treatment with 14CO2, 14C photosynthetic products were accumulated in lesions, and the radioactivity in lesions was higher than that in the healthy part of the same leaves. On the other hand, the radioactivity immediately after the exposure to 14CO2 in the healthy part of infected leaves decreased rapidly as compared with that in the leaf from healthy plants. 14C photosynthetic products were translocated within 1hr after the beginning of 14CO2 treatment from the healthy part to lesions in the same infected leaves.
The amount of radioctive carbon in conidia was much more when sporulated on the day of the exposure of infected leaves to 14CO2 than that when sporulated on 1, 2 and 3 days after the exposure.
It is considered from these results that 14C photosynthetic products were translocated within a very short period after the exposure to 14CO2 from the healthy part to lesions in infected leaves, and that they were incorporated rapidly into mycelia and conidia of the fungus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1792K) -
Masayoshi SUGAWARA, Makoto KOJIMA, Daiki MURAYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 39-45
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGreen peach aphids, Myzus persicae Sulz. fed on the Physalis floridana Rydb. plants infected with potato leaf-roll virus (PLRV) for 3 hours, began to transmit the virus 9 hours after leaving the source plants. Aphids injected with extracts or blood from the viruliferous insects were also enable to transmit PLRV 6 hours after injection. The length of the latent period and the frequency of virus transmission in its aphid vector appeared to depend on the virus concentration within the vector. Inoculativity in the transmission of aphids tended gradually to increase till 24 hours after acquisition feeding or injection of extracts and blood from viruliferous insects.
PLRV was detected in extracts and blood from aphids fed on the infected P. floridana plants for more than 3 hours, but no virus was recognized in them from insects given an hour's acquisition feeding. Even though the concentration of PLRV in the aphid vectors increased with the prolonged acquisition feeding, it decreased gradually with the time after leaving the source plants. The frequency of virus recovery from blood of the injected aphids also tended similarly to decrease gradually with the time after injection of the virus into aphids.
The latent period of PLRV in the aphids vectors appeared to represent the time required for the virus to circulate within the insect body.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Taxis of Aphanomyces raphani KENDRICK to hypocotyl of host plant and role of exudates from hypocotylRyozo YOKOSAWA, Akira OGOSHI, Ryutaro SAKAI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSZoospores of Aphanomyces raphani Kendrick accumulate to hypocotyl of cabbage seedling near the soil surface of the artificially infested soil.
When the seedling was dipped in the eosin solution, a special cell or special group of cells on the hypocotyl was stained. Similar result was also obtained with ninhydrin reaction. Zoospores have a tendency to accumulate on the areas stained with eosin.
Zoospores were strongly attracted by crude exudates from hypocotyls of cabbage seedlings, and the exudates were separated into basic, acid, and neutral fractions with Dowex ion exchange resins. When capillary holding each fraction was put in zoospore suspension, the basic one attracted zoospores most effectively and its activity was found to be equivalent to that of crude exudates. Sixteen amino acids which were detected in basic fraction and other two amino acids did not attract zoospores effectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Hiroshi TOCHIHARA, Yasuo KOMURO1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 52-58
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo deduce the possible invasion route of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) into Japan, comparative studies of infectivity and two serological tests by the agar gel double diffusion, and the reciprocal relations of precipitation end points of absorbed and unabsorbed antisera with homologous and heterologous antigens were made with three isolates of Japanese CGMMV (Wa, Cu, and Y), two isolates (E1 and E2) from England, supplied by L.J. Cock, and one isolate (C) from India, supplied by S.P. Raychaudhuri. Tomato strain (T) and ordinary strain (OM) of TMV were also included in serological studies.
Four isolates; Wa, C, E1 and E2, had strong similarities in the infectivity and serological relationships with one another (Table 1-3). However, the precipitin bands showed a distinct spur reaction, indicating some serological differences between the following combination of the isolates; Wa-E1, Wa-E2, C-E1, and C-E2 (Fig. 1). Wa closely resembled C in the infectivity and serological tests, which suggested that Wa and C were virtually identical virus strain. Bottlegourd seeds have been imported frequently from India to Japan and occurrences of watermelon fruit's deterioration coincided with the importation of the seeds. It was deduced that Wa was most probably introduced to Japan by means of the seeds infected with the virus. Cu differed markedly in the infectivity and serological relationship from these four isolates, and isolates similar to Cu were not found.View full abstractDownload PDF (1463K) -
Chemical and thermal protection against effect of host-specific toxinHiroshi OTANI, Syoyo NISHIMURA, Keisuke KOHMOTO1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPear leaves susceptible to Alternaria kikuchiana and to its host-specific toxin were treated with various compounds to test for possible protective effects. Disulfidereducing reagents (dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol), applied to susceptible leaves before exposure to toxin, gave partial protection against toxin-induced loss of electrolytes. This protection was completely reversed by an oxidizing reagent [5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)]. When an alkylating reagent (N-ethylmaleimide) was applied after application of the reducing reagent, the protective effect was not reversed by the oxidizing reagent. The results suggest that disulfide groups in susceptible cells may be involved in the reaction to toxin. Partial protection by thermal treatments (55C for 2sec in water or 35C for 16hr in air) was evident when measured by toxininduced electrolyte losses from susceptible tissues and by a decrease in toxin-induced necrosis. The protective effects of thermal treatments were gradually lost by the tissues. The data suggest the existence of toxin receptor sites or substances that can be saturated.View full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
A.N. BASU, A. GHOSH, M.D. MISHRA, F.R. NIAZI, S.P. RAYCHAUDHURI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 67-69
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (305K) -
Kohei TOMIYAMA, Ho Shick LEE, Noriyuki DOKE1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 70-72
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (694K) -
Kei ARAI, Izumi MATSUDA, Hiroki KOGANEZAWA, Seiichi OKUDA, Yoji DOI, K ...1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 73-76
Published: January 20, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1468K)
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