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Volume 58 (1992)
- Issue 5 Pages 659-
- Issue 4 Pages 497-
- Issue 3 Pages 329-
- Issue 2 Pages 181-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 58, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Naotaka FURUICHI, Syoyo NISHIMURA, Gabriele LANGSDORF1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysiological effects of alternaric acid, a toxic compound produced by Alternaria solani on hypersensitive cell death of potato cells were studied. Treatment of potato shoot slices with 50μM alternaric acid depolarized more than half of the respiration-dependent component of membrane potential. Depolarization of the component was almost completed when treated with 100μM alternaric acid. In these treatments, the diffusion potential was not affected at an early stage after treatment. In potato tuber slices treated with alternaric acid, cell death was delayed when potato cells were penetrated by an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans, though the growth of intracellular hyphae was not affected, at least, until 7hr after inoculation. These results suggested that the toxic compounds, which are produced by a parasitic fungus, help its infection by prolonging the time interval between penetration and death of the penetrated cell of its host plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Seisaku UMEMOTO1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 8-15
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the fruit growth stage on the susceptibility to and the latent period of scab fungus on Japanese pear cv. “Kosui” were investigated. The degree of fruit susceptibility to the scab disease was high from the fruit receptacle stage (before bloom) to the young fruit stage (about 2 weeks after bloom). Susceptibility to the disease quickly decreased from mid May (about 25 days after bloom) and was low until early June (about 50 days after bloom) then gradually increased again. Susceptibility reached its highest during early to mid July (about 75 to 90 days after bloom). The latent period of the disease was short, 14 to 21 days, during the stage of high susceptibility and long, about one month, during the stage of low susceptibility. The percentage of cracked fruits was highest in fruits inoculated during early to late May (about 15 to 30 days after bloom), and was little lower during mid June. From the standpoint of orchard management, fruit cracking caused by fungus infection during early May and mid to late June is practically important because of high fruit susceptibility to the disease. This indicates that the best time for controlling the disease on fruit of cv. “Kosui” with fungicides in the Kanto district is from prebloom to early May and again from mid June to mid July (about 55 to 90 days after bloom). The results obtained from this work may be revised for an earlier calendar timing to be adapted in the Kyushu district, warmer area in Japan, and for a later calendar timing to be adapted in the Tohoku district, cooler area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1994K) -
Kenichi YAMAGUCHI, Mayumi KIDA, Masanobu ARITA, Masayoshi TAKAHASHI1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 16-22
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFusarium species isolated from the root-tissue of tomato were screened for biocontrol activity to Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race J1 by using the root-dipping method. Some isolates of Fusarium species induced suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt in tomato. The most effective isolate, MT0062, was identified F. oxysporum. The isolate reduced also the wilt incidence in tomato caused by Verticillium dahliae. Furthermore, it had protective effect on Fusarium and Verticillium wilts in eggplant, but little effect in radish and strawberry. F. oxysporum MT0062 was frequently re-isolated from the hypocotyl of tomato and eggplant, but it was hardly re-isolated from radish or strawberry. There was no apparent antagonism between F. oxysporum MT0062 and the pathogens in vitro. Tomato seedlings pre-treated with F. oxysporum MT0062 at the part of underground reduced the development of late blight, following the inoculation of Phytophthora infestance onto aerial parts of the plant in which F. oxysporum MT0062 was not detected. These results suggested that F. oxysporum MT0062 could be successful in infecting to solanaceous crops such as tomato and eggplant, but did not cause any symptoms, and induced a non-specific resistance systemically.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
Takeshi OSAKI, Kenji OZAKI, Ko YASUKAWA, Satoshi T. OHKI, Tadao INOUYE1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapanese iris necrotic ring virus (JINRV) particles were isometric about 35nm in diameter and showed rounded outlines with rough surfaces when negatively stained in uranyl acetate. Purified virus preparations contained single component with a sedimentation coefficient of 118 S. In isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl, the particles formed a single band of buoyant density 1.353g/cm3. Nucleic acid extracted from the purified virus particles was identified as single stranded RNA by the following properties: positive orcinol reaction; susceptible to RNase A both in 1×SSC or 0.1×SSC; increase of about 18% in maximum absorption and shift of the absorption maximum to higher wavelengths by 4nm after treatment with formaldehyde (1.8%). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated one nucleic acid and one coat protein with estimated molecular weights of 1.28×106 and 38, 000, respectively. An antiserum against purified virus particles with a homologous titer of 512 in Ouchterlony double diffusion tests was prepared. The virus was serologically unrelated to 10 other single component viruses with isometric particles, including tomato bushy stunt, carnation mottle, and several members of the tombusvirus and carmovirus groups. However, its other properties were similar to those of carmoviruses.View full abstractDownload PDF (2821K) -
Yukio YAGUCHI, Shigemasa NAKAMURA1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 30-36
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnknown rots in stem-end of papaya fruit imported in 1986 to 1987 were occurred in Japan. The symptoms were classified into five types. The causal fungi were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae, Phomopsis sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, and Ascochyta caricae on the basis of the morphological characteristics and the pathogenicity on the stem-end of papaya fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (6389K) -
Hiroyuki SAWADA, Hiroyuki IEKI1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne hundred and eight strains of Agrobacterium isolated from soil and from affected plants of 13 species, together with type and representative strains, were subjected to cluster analysis using 28 phenotypic characters out of the 36 examined. Data were analyzed by applying the unweighted average pair-group method (UPGMA) on the simple matching coefficient (SSM). At 80% SSM, 5 clusters were recognized, 3 of which corresponded to biovars 1, 2 and 3. These biovars were each grouped into a tight cluster, indicating that each of them is phenotypically homogeneous. Two additional clusters comprised (a) 3 overseas strains (IFO 13261 and 13260 of A. rubi, and NCPPB 1650 of A. tumefaciens), and (b) 6 Japanese strains of A. tumefaciens isolated from cherry and kiwifruit. The former cluster neighbored biovar 3 and the latter biovar 2, respectively. All strains in each biovar gave uniform reactions for the following 15 characters, which are therefore considered to be useful for the differentiation and the identification of the biovars: production of 3-ketolactose; esculin hydrolysis in Sneath's medium; arbutin hydrolysis; arginine dihydrolase in Thornley's medium; growth factor requirement; litmus milk reaction; pellicle in ferric ammonium citrate solution; growth at 35°C, and on New and Kerr medium; utilization of citrate, and L-tyrosine; oxidase by growth on PPGA; acid from dulcitol, and α-methyl-D-glucoside; and alkali from L-tartrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
Hiroyuki SAWADA, Yuichi TAKIKAWA, Hiroyuki IEKI1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProfiles of the whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of 65 strains (including 16 overseas strains) of Agrobacterium were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Principal component analysis, using 10 FAMEs out of the 12 detected, enabled us to separate the 65 strains into 3 distinct groups (Groups I, II and III). Biovars 1, 2 and 3 belonged to Groups I, II and III, respectively, indicating that each biovar is homogeneous and different from one another in terms of FAME profiles. Biovar 1 was separated from biovar 3 based on the quantitative differences in 16:1 and 18:1, and on the presence of 17:0 CYCLO. On the other hand, the quantitative difference in 19:0 CYCLO, the presence of 15:0 ISO 3OH and the absence of 18:1 3OH enabled separation of biovar 2 from biovars 1 and 3. The FAMEs of strain NCPPB 1650 and 2 strains of A. rubi (IFO 13261 and 13260) were similar to those of biovar 3, except that the latter lacked 17:0 CYCLO. The phenotypically unique 6 strains of A. tumefaciens isolated from kiwifruit (K-Ag-3, 4) and cherry (Ch-Ag-4, 5, 7 and 8) corresponded to biovar 2 in terms of FAME profiles. Thus, the use of FAME profiles was found to be a rapid and accurate method for the identification of the biovars.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Hiroyuki SAWADA, Jun IMADA, Hiroyuki IEKI1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 52-57
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerological specificity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3 was tested by means of agglutination and Ouchterlony double diffusion tests, using rabbit antisera prepared by injecting heat-treated (100°C, 1hr) cell suspensions of 4 Japanese strains of G-Ag-19, 26, 27 and 60, and strain NCPPB 2562, a representative strain for biovar 3 isolated in Greece. In the agglutination test, 39 strains of biovar 3 except strain G-Ag-19 were separated into 4 distinct groups (A-D) according to the titers against 5 antisera. The same group-specific reactions were observed in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test as those in the agglutination test. Each of the biovar 3 strains except strain G-Ag-19 formed several group-specific precipitin bands only in combination with the antiserum prepared against the member of the same group. These results suggest that the biovar 3 strains used are serologically heterogeneous and can be separated into 4 serogroups (A-D), which differ from one another in the reactivity of somatic antigens (heat-stable antigens).View full abstractDownload PDF (2150K) -
Hiroyuki KOIWA, Makoto KOJIMA, Taiji IKEDA, Yoshio YOSHIDA1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo reveal ultrastructural alterations of chloroplast caused by an infection with a virulent or an attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Fukuju no.2) were inoculated with TMV-L (virulent) or TMV-L11A (attenuated). Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in infected leaves were examined one month after inoculation by freeze fracture electron microscopy. When compared with the healthy control, there was no considerable difference in the density of the intramembraneous particles on each fracture face of both infected leaves. However, the number of the large size particles on the exoplasmic face (EFs) of thylakoid membranes, which contain the light harvesting chlorophyll protein complex (LHCP) related with photosystem II (PS II), decreased in the infected leaves. These results suggest that virus infection could affect the chlorophyll protein complexes, especially LHCP. TMV-L11A never induced mosaic symptoms, but this attenuated strain also caused similar ultrastructural alteration of chloroplast thylakoid membranes as the virulent virus.View full abstractDownload PDF (7436K) -
Tsuneo WATANABE1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 65-71
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo isolates of hyphomycetous fungus obtained from the root tissues of collapsed poplar trees formed white mycelia with pear-shaped swellings near septa in hyphae. Conidial state was observed in vitro in one-mutated isolate during the course of the study. Conidiophores are erect, brown, branched, more than 500μm tall, 2.5-2.8μm wide, bearing 2-30 conidia in two rows on the conidiogenous cells of the apical branches of the conidiophores. Conidia are hyaline or subhyaline, one-celled, elliptical, ovate or cylindrical, 3.7-5×2-2.2μm. After conidial detachment, crater-like scars were observed on the conidiogenous cells. The two original, and three-mutated isolates showed pathogenicity to Japanese black pine seedlings by the soil-over-agar-culture-inoculation method. On the basis of the morphological and pathological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Dematophora necatrix, the conidial state of white root rot pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, although synnemata were not observed in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (7269K) -
Tun-tschu CHANG, Wen-hsiung KO1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 72-77
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowing isolates P991 and P731 of Phytophthora parasitica on medium containing 25μg/ml metalaxyl for 6 weeks, caused 66-74% of their single-zoospore cultures to increase the range of growth rates on metalaxyl-free medium. Metalaxyl treatment also caused each isolate to produce six colony types, including the parental type, on medium without metalaxyl. Growth rate and colony morphology of six single-zoospore cultures each representing a different colony type did not change after five successive subcultures. However, all the five colony-type variants produced single-zoospore cultures with greater variation in growth rate than did the parental type.View full abstractDownload PDF (2300K) -
Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 78-82
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Fumiyoshi FUKUMOTO1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 83-86
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Etsuo KIMISHIMA, Masaaki GOTO1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiroyuki SAWADA, Jun IMADA, Hiroyuki IEKI1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 91-94
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Ryutaro SAKAI, Yosuke MINO, Takeshi SAKAKI, Akitami ICHIHARA, Sadao SA ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 95-98
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 99-107
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 108-115
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 116-123
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 124-143
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 144-153
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1992 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 154-162
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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