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Volume 64 (1998)
- Issue 6 Pages 519-
- Issue 5 Pages 443-
- Issue 4 Pages 229-
- Issue 3 Pages 147-
- Issue 2 Pages 75-
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Volume 64, Issue 4
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Nobuaki MATSUYAMA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 229-231
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Yuichi HONDA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 232-234
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Yoichi TAKANAMI1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 235-237
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Shinji TSUYUMU1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 238-240
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Takashi NARABU1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 241
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Kazuhiko NARISAWA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 242
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Motoaki TOJO1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 243
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Masamichi ISOGAI, Ichiro UYEDA, Tatsuji HATAYA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 244-248
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA strategy was designed to efficiently clone double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of unknown sequences and very low availability. From rice plants infected with rice black streaked dwarf fijivirus (RBSDV), ten dsRNA genomic segments were extracted directly. The 3' ends of the plus and minus strands of the dsRNAs were polyadenylated and then used as templates for an initial reverse transcription using an oligo-dT-containing adapter primer (AP). The first-strand cDNAs of both polarities were annealed, filled in and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using one primer containing an adapter region sequence identical to that in the AP. The amplified cDNA products corresponded in size to the full lengths of RBSDV S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10; full length cDNA clones to RBSDV S8, S9 and S10 containing both terminal nucleotide sequences were obtained. Moreover, the nucleotide sequences of six full length cDNA clones were the same as those previously reported. These data indicate that this method may be applicable to full length cDNA cloning of dsRNAs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1440K) -
Takanori MIYOSHI, Hiroyuki SAWADA, Yasunobu TACHIBANA, Izumi MATSUDA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 249-254
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers targeting genomic DNA of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, a causal agent of citrus bacterial canker, were designed for a rapid, sensitive and specific detection of the bacterium. The intergenic spacer region of approximately 500bp between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes from X. c. pv. citri, X. c. pv. glycines, X. c. pv. alfalfae, X. c. pv. physalidicola, X. c. pv. pisi, X. c. pv. pruni, X. c. pv. cucurbitae and X. c. pv. vesicatoria were sequenced. Subsequently, a pair of PCR primers, XCF (5'-AGGCCGGTATGCGAAAGTCCCATCA-3') and XCR (5'-CAAGTTGCCTCGGAGCT-ATC-3'), were designed on the basis of the sequence data of X. c. pv. citri, because these sequences differed from those of the other pathovars except X. c. pv. glycines. Although a fragment of 424bp was specifically amplified for all 36 isolates of X. c. pv. citri having different origins and for one isolate of X. c. pv. glycines, no PCR products were obtained from the other pathovars. To confirm specific detection of X. c. pv. citri, 81 bacteria isolated from citrus leaf surfaces were examined by PCR and pathogenicity tests. Consequently, PCR products were obtained from only nine pathogenic strains belonging to X. c. pv. citri, but no products were detected from the other non-pathogenic bacteria, indicating that X. c. pv. glycines is not an inhabitant of citrus orchard. The detectable limit of PCR amplification was 30cfu per ml, which was 10 times more sensitive than the leaf infiltration technique which had been considered the most sensitive. PCR using the specific primers designed in this study, was useful for rapid identification and detection of X. c. pv. citri from citrus samples within 6hr of sample collection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1706K) -
Tomoyuki SAIGA, Masayuki FUJIWARA, Hiromasa SAITOH, Satoshi T. OHKI, T ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 255-263
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReplication and movement of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in CMV-resistant Cucumis figarei (CF) and a CMV-susceptible melon C. melo cv. Earl's Favourite (EF) were compared. Although EF plants were readily infected with CMV at 1.0μg/ml and developed systemic symptoms, leaves of CF plants inoculated with CMV virions (0.5mg/ml) or CMV RNA (50μg/ml) were locally infected. Infected cells within inoculated CF leaves as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy were notably confined and did not enlarge over time. The number of infected protoplasts isolated from CMV-inoculated CF leaves was significantly lower than that from EF. The amount of CMV antigen detected by ELISA or western blotting in inoculated CF leaves was about 10-fold lower than that in EF leaves. Both (+) and (-) strands of CMV-specific RNAs were detectable from CF leaves, but the amounts of RNAs 1 and 2 were 500- to 1000-fold smaller and those of RNAs 3 and 4 were 100-fold smaller, than those from EF leaves. Protoplasts prepared from healthy CF were as susceptible as those from EF to infection with CMV or CMV RNA. The amount of CMV antigen in RNA-inoculated CF protoplasts detected by ELISA or western blotting similarly increased with time as did that in EF protoplasts. Although both strands of RNAs 3 and 4 similarly accumulated in protoplasts from CF as well as EF, the amounts of RNAs 1 and 2 in CF were suppressed to 1/5 of that in EF. Symptom expression, serology, infectivity, accumulation of CMV antigen in inoculated plants and RNA profile in CMV virions recovered from the infected CF leaves did not noticeably change from those of the original CMV. These results indicate that CF resistance to CMV may be caused in part by interference with viral replication, but the inhibition of virus movement via both cell-to-cell and long-distance pathways is the primary mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (4607K) -
Katsumi OZAKI, Toshihiko KIMURA, Kunihiko MATSUMOTO1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 264-269
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new bacterial disease was observed on spinach in Yamaguchi and Hiroshima Prefectures, Japan in 1986. The disease appeared on the leaves as small water-soaked spots which enlarged to form brown, slightly protruding lesions on the upper surface. The causal bacterium, classified as Pseudomonas syringae on the basis of laboratory tests, was pathogenic to spinach, but not to 49 other plant species tested. Nine strains of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (aptata, atropurpurea, actinidiae, lachrymans, maculicola and syringae) were not pathogenic to spinach. From these results, the bacterium is considered to be a new pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae, and the name P. syringae pv. spinaciae pv. nov. is proposed. Strain 8605 (MAFF 211266) is designated as the pathotype strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1736K) -
Takeshi KANO, Touko HIYAMA, Tomohide NATSUAKI, Noriko IMANISHI, Seiich ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 270-275
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany Japanese isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) vary in the severity of symptoms which they induce. To study the molecular variability of these isolates, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) was used to amplify part of the CTV genome. PCR products included the 3'-end of the 27K protein gene, most of the 5'-end of the coat protein (CP) gene and the intercistronic region (GAP) between the two genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR products classified the 13 nucleotide sequences obtained from 12 Japanese isolates of CTV into three groups. Group I contains severe isolates (1215A, 1513A, 1595A-1, HS34, KS3A2), group II mild isolates (BOUQA, M12A, M15A, M27A), and group III severe (S5A2, S5agA) and mild (M23A, 1595A-2) isolates. In the GAP region, a deletion of bases in the Japanese severe CTV isolates may be useful in developing a molecular technique to discriminate CTV isolates. The amino acid residue at position 124 of the coat protein appeared previously to be the most conserved and isolate-specific for mild and severe strains. Among Japanese CTV isolates, however, two mild isolates M15A and M23A had the same residue at position 124 as severe isolates. Based on these results, a greater diversity exists among Japanese CTV isolates than among those in other citrus producing areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Fumihiko SUZUKI, Hiroyuki SAWADA, Izumi MATSUDA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 276-281
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gene coding for toxoflavin biosynthesis-related protein-1 (TRP-1) of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) glumae was cloned and sequenced. The gene coded a polypeptide of 244 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 27, 434 Da. Three motifs characteristic of methyltransferases were found in the deduced protein sequence of TRP-1, supporting the assumption that toxoflavin biosynthesis requires transmethylation. Mutant strains with a disrupted TRP-1 coding region by plasmid integration lost their ability to produce toxoflavin. The TRP-1 coding region was located in an operon structure consisting of several open reading frames. These results showed that the operon, including the TRP-1 coding region, was associated with toxoflavin production.View full abstractDownload PDF (2157K) -
Hideo YUKIOKA, Shuichiro INAGAKI, Reiji TANAKA, Kenji KATOH, Nobuo MIK ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 282-286
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fungicide SSF-126 [(E)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl) acetamide] induces cyanide-resistant, alternative respiration in the fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The activity of alternative respiration correlates with the expression level of alternative oxidase (AOX). Seven SSF-126-sensitive mutants (named MS) of M. grisea were completely deficient in alternative respiratory activity. Here, a genomic copy for the alternative oxidase gene (AOX) was isolated and analyzed. A 2661-bp AOX genomic DNA fragment containing a 613-bp of the promoter region of AOX was isolated from M. grisea wild type strain by using an inverse PCR method. The AOX was organized as three exons that are separated by short introns. Several cis-acting elements were detected in the 5'-upstream region of AOX. Northern blot analysis of AOX in MS mutants revealed that all the mutants expressed AOX mRNA in response to SSF-126 treatment, but the levels of mRNA in MS2, 5, 8, 9 and 11 were reduced several fold relative to the wild-type. All seven mutants had altered sequences in the AOX gene. These results demonstrate that sensitivity to SSF-126 and activity of alternative respiration in M. grisea are regulated by the AOX gene.View full abstractDownload PDF (1746K) -
Hiroshi OKAMOTO, Mamoru SATO, Zenji SATO, Makoto ISAKA1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 287-293
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn antagonistic bacterium against Phytophthora capsici, the pathogen of damping-off of cucumber, was isolated from the rhizosphere of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. et Schult.) in Fukui Prefecture. The red-pigmented strain F-1-1 was identified as Serratia marcescens based on its bacteriological properties. The strain F-1-1 strongly inhibited the germination of cystospores and zoosporangia of P. capsici P-9-2 in in vitro tests, and also it suppressed the damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with a cystospore suspension of P. capsici P-9-2 in pot tests. Moreover, all the other red-pigmented S. marcescens strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.) were antagonistic, unlike six non-pigmented Serratia spp. strains. Four mutants defective red pigment biosynthesis were obtained by transposon (Tn7) mutagenesis among 5967 transconjugant clones. These mutants simultaneously lost their antagonistic ability in in vitro and in pot tests. Thus, S. marcescens F-1-1 was found to be a potential biocontrol agent for damping-off of cucumber seedlings and its antagonistic ability was based on the production of antibiotic red pigments.View full abstractDownload PDF (1984K) -
Hiroshi OKAMOTO, Zenji SATO, Mamoru SATO, Yukiko KOISO, Shigeo IWASAKI ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 294-298
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe red pigmented strain F-1-1 of Serratia marcescens shows a strong antagonism against Phytophthora capsici, the pathogen of damping-off of cucumber seedlings, and its antagonistic activity is due to the production of antibiotic red pigments. In the present study, purification and identification of the red pigments produced by the strain F-1-1 were performed. The water-insoluble red pigments were extracted from cultures on agar plates with ethanol and then chloroform, and purified by silica gel column chromatography. An active substance was isolated using the antifungal activity assay and was identified as prodigiosin, a known compound based on the spectral data. Purified prodigiosin inhibited the germination of cystospores and the growth of the fungal hyphae of P. capsici. It also showed antimicrobial activity against some plant-pathogenic fungi including Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Pythium spinosum, P. ultimum and against plant pathogenic bacteria including, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. These results suggest that S. marcescens F-1-1 could be used as a biocontrol agent against many plant diseases other than cucumber damping-off.View full abstractDownload PDF (808K) -
Katsunori TAMURA, Yafeng ZHU, Mamoru SATO, Tohru TERAOKA, Daijiro HOSO ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 299-302
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Akira MATSUDA, Juan de Dios MOYA FRANCO, José Luis GONZÁ ...1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 303-306
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Katsuyuki YOSHIDA, Tomizo OHGUCHI1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 307-314
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHaustorium formation of the downy mildew fungus Peronospora parasitica Pers. ex Fr. was suppressed in blocks of Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Backer) root tissues (5×5×3mm) treated with 50°C for 30 to 60sec. The fungus penetrated directly into cells of the tissues by a hypha-like structure (HLS) instead of the haustorium. Fluorescence from chlortetracycline, specific for membranebound Ca2+, was found on the haustorium but not on the HLS. HLS formation was highest in the tissues treated with 50°C/60sec. In heat-treated root tissues, growth of the haustorium and the HLS stopped within 24hr after inoculation. The suppression of haustorium formation disappeared 24hr after the 50°C/30sec treatment but still remained 48hr after the 50°C for 60sec treatment. Lignin and callose did not accumulate at the HLS penetration site in the heated root tissues. Colletotrichum lagenarium, a nonpathogenic fungus, penetrated heated tissues and grew very well. Heat-treated root tissue homogenate did not suppress haustorium formation of the fungus. These results suggest that the suppression of haustorium formation of downy mildew fungus by heat treatment does not involve known host defense reactions against the fungus. The heat treatment probably disturbs processes within the host which are associated with haustorium formation of P. parasitica.View full abstractDownload PDF (2250K) -
Katsuyuki YOSHIDA, Tomizo OHGUCHI1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 315-322
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPathogenicities of four isolates of the downy mildew fungus of cruciferous plants, Peronospora parasitica, obtained from Japanese radish, oil seed, broccoli and shepherd's purse, were compared by observing infected cotyledons. These isolates eventually sporulated on host plant cotyledons (compatible combination), but formed only small necrotic lesions on non-host cotyledons (incompatible combination). Sheath encasement of haustoria and host cell death frequently occurred in the incompatible combinations. Growth of intercellular hyphae stopped within 48hr after inoculation. The shepherd's purse isolate could only infect the host plant; haustorium formation in non-hosts was inhibited mainly by papillae. Cytochemical observation showed that these papillae contained callose and polyphenol compounds but not lignin. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to pathogenicities of P. parasitica isolates and plant defense reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1959K) -
Masaharu KUBOTA, Kazuo ABIKO1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 323-327
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPythium megalacanthum de Bary was isolated from plug seedlings of cabbage affected by damping-off in a greenhouse of our institute in April 1996. The hypocotyls of damaged plants developed a white rot, which was reproduced by an isolate of P. megalacanthum and severe at 10°C. At a supply center for vegetable seedlings in Mie Prefecture, P. megalacanthum was also isolated from cabbage plug seedlings with damping off in February and October 1997. This is the first report on the disease of cabbage caused by P. megalacanthum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K) -
1998 Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 328-438
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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