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Volume 37 (1971)
- Issue 5 Pages 319-
- Issue 4 Pages 233-
- Issue 3 Pages 149-
- Issue 2 Pages 73-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Keiichi TOMARU, Akira UDAGAWA1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 73-76
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhenol extracts from leaf tissues systemically infected with 6 strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and two isolates of tomato aspermy virus (TAV) showed higher infectivity than that of control phosphate buffer-homogenate, respectively. Difference in kind of assay host has no influence on the higher infectivity of phenol extracts. Phenol extracts from tobacco top leaves infected with CMV-O made at different dates after inoculation indicated always higher infectivity than that of control.
The property that phenol extracts show higher infectivity than usual homogenate seems to be available for one of the criteria in diagnosis or identification of CMV. The higher infectivity of phenol extracts from infected tissues of TAV and chrysanthemum mild mottle virus may be regarded as an additional property which suggests close relationship between CMV and TAV.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
A.M. DAS, D.N. SRIVASTVA1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 77-83
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing root elongation as index, the stimulatory and protective effects of culture filtrate of H. sativum on wheat seedlings were assessed.
Seeds presoaked for 24 hours in 1/50-1/500 dilutions of culture filtrate of the fungus or in similar dilutions of extract of inoculated soil maize medium, showed significantly greater root length over the control when germinated and grown in water.
Seeds presoaked in dilutions of 1/100-1/500 of the culture filtrate and grown in inoculated soil had significantly greater root length, maximum being at 1/100 dilution where it was 40 percent more than in the control. This is interpreted as protective effect of the culture filtrate of the pathogen against the pathogen itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
Masaki YAMAMOTO, Norio OTSUKA1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 84-90
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBoth hypersensitive flecks and susceptible lesions were produced on the potato leaves of resistant interspecific hybrid 1506-(b) 9 and susceptible variety Norin No.1, by placing on the leaves the DNA-containing fraction from leaves of susceptible variety Norin No.1, and resistant hybrid 1506-(b) 9, respectively.
The same flecks and lesions were recognized on these plants by placing the DNA-containing fraction from susceptible variety, Norin No.1, and resistant hybrid 1506-(b) 9 after treating the fraction with RNase and after purifying the DNA through Sepharose 6B. By grafting of susceptible variety, Norin No.1, scions on resistant hybrids 1506-(b) 9 and 96-56 stocks or vice versa, both susceptible lesions and hypersensitive flecks coexisted by inoculating the leaves with zoospores of Phytophthora infestans, race 0. Whereas, the leaves of susceptible and resistant potato varieties, not grafted, showed the susceptible lesions and hypersensitive flecks only, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
3. Growth of B. bacteriovorus in media composed of living and of autoclaved bacterial cellsTsutomu UEMATSU, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 91-99
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive isolates of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus obtained from paddy field soils of Japan were tested on their ability and mode of multiplication in media composed of autoclaved susceptible or resistant bacteria. The isolate Bd-N6801 successively transferred on Xanthomonas oryzae living cell medium was commonly used in this experiment.
Bd-N6801 multiplied in media composed of autoclaved cells of susceptible and also of some species of resistant bacteria. The multiplication was slightly retarded in the autoclaved cell (AC) medium than in the living cell (LC) medium. Autoclaved cytoplasm fraction of the bacteria also supported the multiplication of Bd-N6801. Bd-N6801 grew well on AC-agar plate, forming light yellowish colonies. Lytic zone appeared around each colony on AC-agar plate prepared from susceptible bacteria, in contrast to negative results with plate prepared from resistant bacteria.
Since the plaque forming units (PFU) on LC-agar medium closely corresponded with the colony forming units (CFU) on AC-agar medium, it is concluded that every cell of Bd-N6801 either in the plaque on LC-agar or in the colony on AC-agar possesses both parasitic and saprophytic propagation abilities. The morphological characteristics of the cells from the colony were identical with those from the plaque.
The other isolates of B. bacteriovorus, Bd-N6802, Bd-N6804, Bd-N6805, and Bd-N6806, also formed colonies on AC-agar medium. The ratio of CFU to PFU, however, varied much with different isolates.View full abstractDownload PDF (2689K) -
I. Antibacterial activity and controlling effect on some bacterial diseasesKunito YAKUSHIJI, Osamu WAKAE1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 100-103
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring screening compounds for the control of plant diseases, 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (ATDA) was found to be effective against bacterial leaf blight of rice, citrus canker and, at fairly high dosage, bacterial wilt of tomato.
ATDA showed bacteriostatic activity against some Xanthomonas species and Pseudomonas solanacearum, and was considered to behave as nicotinamide antagonist in the bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
II. Properties as rice bacterial leaf blight controlling agentKunito YAKUSHIJI, Osamu WAKAE1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 104-107
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProperties of 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (ATDA) as rice bacterial leaf blight controlling agent were examined.
This compound was effective against the disease as foliar application, and also as root application.
As foliar spray, ATDA showed immediate therapeutic effect, and the duration of the effect was fairly short.
When applied into paddy water, ATDA exhibited strong effect with long recidual activity, though the effect appeared somewhat slowly.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
II. Tomato ringspot virus and its transmission by Xiphinema americanumMitsuro IWAKI, Yasuo KOMURO1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 108-116
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA virus was isolated from large cupped narcissus showing symptoms of mild mosaic collected in Chiba in 1967. The virus was readily transmitted by juice inoculation, but not by Myzus persicae. Among the tested plants of 46 species in 15 families, 36 species of 13 families, namely, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Violaceae, Umbelliferae, Solanaceae, Pedaliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Compositae, and Amaryllidaceae, were found susceptible to the virus. Of these plants, Chenopodium amaranticolor, bean, tobacco (Bright Yellow), petunia and cucumber were considered to be usefull as differential host plants for the virus. The virus was proved to be transmitted also through seeds of soybean at a very high rate.
An evidence of soil transmission was provided by a greenhouse test using soil which surrounded diseased narcissus and was infested with nematodes including Xiphinema americanum. Lots of 1 to 50 X. americanum sieved from soil in which infected petunia had been grown for 2 to 3 weeks were placed near the roots of potted healthy petunia and cucumber plants. After 6 weeks the virus was detected, by juice inoculation and serological tests in 6 of 11 petunia plants, and in all of 4 cucumber plants. No infection occurred in control petunia and cucumber plants grown in soil free from X. americanum.
The virus in vitro withstood heating at 55°C for 10 minutes, but not 65°C, dilution to 2×103, but not 2×104, and 7 days of storage at 20°C, but not 14 days. The virus particles were found to be spherical about 25-30mμ in diameter.
Antiserum prepared showed homologous precipitin tube titre of 1/64. By agar gel diffusion tests, the virus showed negative reaction to antisera to tomato black ring virus and arabis mosaic virus kindly sent from Dr. B.D. Harrison and to tobacco ringspot virus antiserum kindly sent from Dr. R. Stace-Smith. The tomato ringspot antiserum obtained from Dr. R. Stace-Smith only gave positive result. The virus and the antiserum were furthermore sent to Dr. B.D. Harrison, and the above result was confirmed, along with an additional negative result with antiserum to strawberry latent ringspot virus.
From these results, the virus was identified as tomato ringspot virus, which has not been reported before in Japan.
Symptoms caused by this virus in narcissus is not marked. Virus-free narcissus seedlings that were juice inoculated, remained symptomless carriers for 17 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (4024K) -
Toshiro KATO, Akira YAMAGUCHI1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 117-123
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoluble leaf proteins from barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L., var. Yokozuna) infected with barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) were separated electrophoretically in 5% polyacrylamide gel. After infection, fresh weight and fraction I protein in chloroplasts of infected leaves decreased considerably in comparison with healthy controls. After symptom appearance, new bands appeared in the gel column which migrated more slowly than fraction I protein. They were characterized as soluble antigens, because of their positive reaction with BSMV antiserum and their nonsedimentable character upon ultracentrifugation. Co-electrophoresis of the soluble antigens and BSMV protein suggested that the soluble antigens were various aggregates of viral protein.
The soluble antigens were detected not only from the inoculated leaves (leaf one) but also from systemically infected leaves (leaf two). During symptom development, the amount of the soluble antigens in leaf two continued to increase, but in leaf one it reached a maximum 4 days after inoculation and then decreased. Possible role of the soluble antigens in virus synthesis is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2705K) -
V.K. GUPTA, S.P. RAYCHAUDHURI1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaf extract of A. arabica was found to inhibit PVY infectivity in vitro. The inhibitory property of the extract was sharply reduced on dilution. The inhibitory property was not reduced by desiccation of the extract for a period of 8 days and by a pH range of 4.0-10.0. The inhibitory principle was thermostable and dialysable. Crude tannins isolated from A. arabica extract were equally inhibitory. Catechol was found to be more inhibitory than quercetin and gallic acid, and it was considered the major inhibitory component.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Mamoru SATO, Kokichi TAKAHASHI, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 128-135
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen isolates of causal bacterium and four isolates of its phage were obtained from mulberry leaves affected by the blight collected from several regions of Japan.
Bacteriological characteristics of foregoing pathogens were much the same as those of Pseudomonas mori (Boyer et Lambert) Stevens reported by Smith (1920), therefore the pathogen were identified as Pseudomonas mori, even though the bacterial isolates differed from each other in their characteristics, such as decomposition of xylose and rhamnose and sensitivity to phages.
Anti-P. mori serum which was obtained by means of intravenous injection of P. mori isolate S6807 to rabbit was 1:6, 400 in titer. It showed a positive reaction on an agglutination test using P. cichorii, P. striafaciens, P. phaseolicola and P. tabaci as well as P. mori isolates, while did not using another 13 species of Pseudomonas, 7 of Xanthomonas, 2 of Erwinia, and 1 of Corynebacterium.
The phage isolates were classified into 2 groups named as MP1 and MP1h by their host ranges and forms of plaque. These phages atacked P. mori alone showing the species specificity but did not any kinds of another bacteria, such as 18 species of Pseudomonas, 8 of Xanthomonas, 2 of Erwinia, 1 of Corynebacterium, 3 of Bacillus, and 1 of Escherichia. The phages formed clear plaques in the range of 20 to 24°C, and were almost completely inactivated at 48°C for 10 minutes. They consisted of a polyhedral head, 55mμ in diameter, and an extremely short tail.View full abstractDownload PDF (3560K) -
I. On the acquisition of the causal agent in non-viruliferous vectorTatsuji ISHIIE, Mizuhiko MATSUNO1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 136-140
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the mechanism of insect transmission of mulberry dwarf disease caused by mycoplasma-like organism in all probability, some experiments on acquisition of the causal agent by the vector of this disease, Hishimonus sellatus Uhler, were made.
When non-viruliferous H. sellatus was fed on the infected mulberry seedling, the shortest period required for acquisition of the causal agent was 3 hours. The transmission rate was increased by the extention of feeding period. If the stem was not lignified the leafhopper was able to acquire the agent from lower part of stem of the infected mulberry seedling on which the disease symptoms appeared only at the top of the stem. Though the rate was low, the causal agent was able to be acquired by the leafhopper from the infected shoots which were apparently healthy. The leafhopper could acquire the agent not only from the infected mulberry seedling planted in pot, but also from a piece of cut mulberry shoot placed in a petri dish. There was not large difference in the transmission rate between the case of seedling planted in pot and that of a piece of shoot in a petri dish. The relation between growth stage of leafhopper and acquiring rate of the causal agent was investigated. In the case of nymph, the transmission rate increased with the progress of instar, but in the case of adult, it was higher than that of 3rd instar nymph. There was no distinct relation between the acquiring rate of causal agent and the sexual difference of the leafhopper. No difference was found in the transmission rate between light and dark conditions at the time of feeding on the infected mulberry seedling.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
II. On the inoculation of the causal agent by viruliferous vectorTatsuji ISHIIE, Mizuhiko MATSUNO1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 141-146
Published: March 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the results of inoculation feeding experiments with the mulberry dwarf agent by vector leafhopper, Hishimonus sellatus Uhler. Serial inoculation experiments indicated that there was latent period for the causal agent in the body of H. sellatus. Length of the latent period varied with the individuals from 13-28 days to 42-55 days. Shortest inoculation feeding period of the viruliferous leafhopper was 3 hours. The transmission rate by more than 3 days feeding increased remarkably. The leafhopper of which latent period in vector was passed over did not always show a continuous transmission. Most of individuals showed an intermittent transmission. The retention period in the insect was comparatively long. Under the experimental conditions, some individuals were able to retain the causal agent more than 60 days. It was considered that the period required between inoculation and the appearance of symptoms, i.e., latent period in mulberry seedling, varied with the individuals from 6-13 days (rather close to 13 days) to 82-87 days, without distinction of inoculation feeding period. Transovarial passage on H. sellatus was studied by using 260 individuals obtained from every mating of viruliferous and non-viruliferous male and female parents and the transovarial passage was not found.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
1971 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 147
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (61K)
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