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Volume 54, Issue 5
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Daijiro HOSOKAWA, Minoru WATANABE1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 557-564
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter two middle leaves of 5-6 leaf stage of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun NN were inoculated with potato virus X (PVX), the distribution of viral antigens in the cells of young upper leaves, which were approximately 1cm long at the time of mechanical inoculation, was tested by immunoelectron microscopy with protein A-gold. Six days after inoculation, gold labels were first localized on the areas of cytoplasm in the vicinity of the nascent small laminate inclusion components (LIC). As the infection progressed, small aggregates of virus particles were found in these areas. At later stages of infection (10 days after inoculation), LIC developed and the virus particles occurred in large aggregates near the LIC or scattered among sheets of the LIC. Gold labels were intensively found on those virus particles. Furthermore, most of the cytoplasmic areas devoid of virus particles were also labeled, suggesting the occurrence of an excess of the viral antigen. However, the beads and sheets of LIC were free from labels. No labeling was also present inside the nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria and microbodies. The vacuoles were also usually free from labels, although they sometimes did contain gold labels near the cytoplasm which held a large number of virus particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2494K) -
Tsuneo WATANABE, Seiji UEMATSU, Yoshinori INOUE1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 565-570
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPathogenicity of 23 Pythium isolates from soils of Shikoku Island was tested by two methods. Of the 13 isolates of six taxa tested, three isolates of P. aphanidermatum and two of P. spinosum were pathogenic to potted cucumber seedlings, but other eight isolates were slightly pathogenic or nonpathogenic. Of the 23 isolates tested by the soil-over agar culture inoculation method, eight isolates including P. ultimum and P. aphanidermatum were most pathogenic, and damage rates of inoculated komatsuna seedlings were over 20%. To Japanese black pine seedlings, two isolates each of P. aphanidermatum and P. spinosum, and one isolate of P. sylvaticum were rather consistently pathogenic, but damage rates were below 25%. The rest of isolates were slightly pathogenic or nonpathogenic.View full abstractDownload PDF (1586K) -
Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 571-576
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo construct the restriction maps of the filamentous phage Xf and Xf2 DNA, the replicative form DNA (RF) was isolated from Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae cells infected with phage and digested with restriction endonucleases that recognize six bases. Xf-RF was cut by the treatment with restriction endonucleases BamHI, HindIII, SmaI and StuI at a respectively specific single site. Xf2-RF was cleaved by BamHI and XbaI at a single site, and PvuII and EcoRI at two sites. Based on the size and distribution patterns of the fragments generated by digestion with various combinations of these restriction endonucleases, restriction maps of the filamentous phage Xf-RF and Xf2-RF were constructed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Hitoshi KUNOH, Tomozo KOMURA, Naoto YAMAOKA, ISSEI KOBAYASHI1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 577-583
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAppressoria of Erysiphe graminis conidia produced a second lobe within 23 hr after the first lobe failed to penetrate a host cell. How penetration from the second lobe was affected by the inaccessible state of host cells enhanced by the prior-attack of the first lobes of the same appressoria was examined in this study. When the second lobes attempted penetration of host cells in which a papilla had been formed by the previous attack of the first lobes of the same appressoria, penetration efficiency (rate of haustorium formation) of the second lobes was prominently low (about 9% on average). Moreover, penetration efficiency of the second lobes in cells adjacent to the cells where a papilla had been induced by the first lobes of the same appressoria was about 30%, when the second attempted penetration was less than 9.00 hr after the first attempted penetration. When the interval between the times of penetration attempt of both lobes was more than 9.00 hr, the penetration efficiency of the second was reduced drastically (about 7%). These results led us to assume that the cellular condition that results from the attempted penetration of the first lobe is transferred to the adjacent cells after an interval of about 9.00 hr. This assumption was confirmed by transferring germinating conidia onto cells adjacent to the cells previously attacked by the first lobes of untransferred conidia. These results suggest that the second lobes consequently escape the highly inaccessible state enhanced by the prior-attack of the first lobes simply by attempting penetration of adjacent cells before they turn highly inaccessible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
Mabito IWASAKI, Tadaoki INABA1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 584-592
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWilt diseases were observed in cucumber plants grafted on squash rootstocks in Kagawa, Japan, in 1986. In the wilted plants, mosaic symptoms were appeared on the upper leaves whereas the stems and roots failed to exhibit symptoms. Among the 32 leaf samples collected in the field, 15 samples were infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), 9 with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and ZYMV, 7 with CMV, ZYMV and watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2), and 1 with CMV and WMV-2. The non-grafted cucumber plants inoculated with these samples did not show any wilt symptoms. When the grafted cucumber plants were inoculated with these samples, those containing ZYMV alone or CMV and WMV-2 caused only slight wilt at a low frequency whereas those containing CMV and ZYMV or CMV, ZYMV and WMV-2 caused severe wilt at a high frequency. To identify the causal virus of wilt, grafted and non-grafted cucumber plants were inoculated with a single isolate of CMV, ZYMV or WMV-2, and a combination of CMV and ZYMV; CMV and WMV-2; ZYMV and WMV-2; CMV, ZYMV and WMV-2, respectively. In the non-grafted cucumber plants, wilt symptoms were not observed after the inoculation in all cases. In the grafted cucumber plants, the inoculation with CMV or WMV-2, and with a combination of ZYMV and WMV-2 did not cause wilt symptoms, whereas the inoculation with ZYMV and a combination of CMV and WMV-2 caused slight wilt at a low frequency. However, the inoculation with a combination of CMV and ZYMV, or CMV, ZYMV and WMV-2 caused severe wilt on the grafted cucumber plants at a high frequency. Based on these results, it was concluded that mixed infection with CMV and ZYMV, or CMV, ZYMV and WMV-2, caused severe wilt on the grafted cucumber plants whereas single infection with ZYMV or mixed infection with CMV and WMV-2 caused only slight wilt.View full abstractDownload PDF (988K) -
Katsumi AKUTSU, Tatsuyuki IRINO, Akira KUBO, Satoshi OKUYAMA, Tadaaki ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 593-599
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDicarboximide and/or benomyl fungicide-resistant strains (CAES and IHES series) of Botrytis cinerea were pre-shake cultured in MS media, and after removal of the mycelia, a sensitive strain (IPCR-1) of the B. cinerea was post-shake cultured in the respective filtrates. The mycelia of IPCR-1 post-cultured in the filtrates became resistant to dicarboximide fungicides, but not to benomyl. MIC of the respective dicarboximide fungicides for these resistance-acquired strains were similar to, or higher than those of the original resistant strains. The induced fungicide-resistance had been maintained through more than ten times of consecutive subcultures on PSA media without the fungicides. Thirteen new strains obtained by this procedure were grouped into three colony types. The inducing factors in the filtrates were heat-stable (100C, 30min) and penetrable through a dialysis membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Takanori MAEDA, Nobumichi SAKO, Narinobu INOUYE1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 600-605
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) were produced by fusing spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice and mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag8-U1 (P3U1). Some of them were used to produce MAbs in ascitic fluid and their respective properties were characterized. Six out of seven MAbs in ascitic fluid reacted strongly with CMV-Y (Y serotype) and CMV-Z (P serotype). In contrast, one MAb reacted strongly with homologous strain and much more weakly with CMV-Z. The MAb which exhibits high activity and a wide spectrum of reactivity was conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. A comparison for the detection efficiency and sensitivity with MAb and rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) conjugates was made in DAS ELISA. The MAb conjugate could be used at higher dilutions (up to 8-fold) without loss of specific activity than that made with PAb. The efficiency and sensitivity for virus detection with MAb conjugate were superior to those with PAb. Also, DAS ELISA with MAb conjugate could detect efficiently heterologous serotype with higher ELISA values than those with PAb.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Keiko KURODA, Toshihiro YAMADA, Kazuhiko MINEO, Hirotada TAMURA1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 606-615
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbnormal ascent of xylem-sap was investigated after the inoculation of Pinus thunbergii with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, using acid-fuchsin solution injected into the bottom of trunks of standing trees at one week intervals prior to harvest. Results were considered in relation to decrease in xylem water content, anatomical changes, and increase of nematode number in the trees. When sap-flow was disturbed two weeks after nematode inoculation, the water content began to decrease, after which whitish streaks became conspicuous in the cross section of trunks very clearly bounded by the area stained with the dye. Tracheids in those areas showed “cavitation”, that is, the phenomenon that tracheids come to contain gas instead of water. Xylem-sap flow, which ascended in spiral direction in healthy trees, was disturbed by the blockage of flow at cavitated tracheids. Areas of cavitation gradually spread to cover the entire cross sectional surface. Anatomical changes in pine tissue and increase in nematode number were delayed until the fourth week when water contents of xylem decreased to about 30% of healthy trees. Necrosis of cambium and phloem seemed to be caused by water shortage at the adjacent part to cavitated tracheids. Water deficit induced by cavitation was judged to be a major factor of inducing lethality in pine trees. Because resin leakage from epithelium was restricted to very small areas, mechanical plugging of water flow by leaked resin did not appear to be a major factor in disease induction. Clear boundaries between the cavitation and dye-stained areas suggested that hydrophobic substances were incorporated in cavitation areas. Investigations on the causal factors of cavitation may be required to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis associated with nematode infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1228K) -
Jiro TOGASHI, Shoji TAKAHASHI, Minoru SHIBATA1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 616-619
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe red turnip, Brassica campestris L. (rapifera group), “cv. Atsumi-kabu” grown in burnt fields in Atsumi-machi, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, showed wilting followed by yellow discoloration of leaves from September to October in 1986. A few small, water-soaked soft-rot lesions were formed on the bases of leaf petioles and the roots. They gradually developed, and finally whole plants decayed. Soft-rot Erwinia-like bacteria were predominantly isolated from the diseased plants. Pathogenicities and bacteriological characteristics of the isolates were identical with those of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. From these results, the present symptoms on the red turnip, “Atsumi-kabu”, was suggested to be caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. This is the first report on the occurrence of soft rot on the vegetables in burnt fields in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (185K) -
Daijiro HOSOKAWA, Minoru WATANABE1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 620-624
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Kenji FUKUDA, Kazuo SUZUKI1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 625-628
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Norio OHTSUKA, Kazuhiro SOU, Tetsuo AMANO, Masahiro OJIMA, Yasuhiko NA ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 629-632
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Koji AZEGAMI, Hideo TABEI, Tokuji FUKUDA1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 633-636
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hideo TABEI, Koji AZEGAMI, Tokuji FUKUDA1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 637-639
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe causal bacterium entered lemmata and paleae through stomata, and multiplied in the intercellular space of the parenchyma. Stomata are mainly open on the inner surface of lemmata and paleae, few on outer surface of lemmata, and they are connected each other through the intercellular space of parenchyma. This infection site does not seem specific phenomenon with regard as in case of Erwinia herbicola. The bacterial grain rot caused by Pseudomonas glumae and the bacterial seedling blight caused by P. plantarii followed this infection pattern to the rice grain. It is suggested that the seed-borne bacterial disease of rice generally follow this course of life cycle. Browning occurred only on the inner surface and the parenchyma of the palea affected with E. herbicola, and is suspected to be one of the defensive reaction of the palea against E. herbicola.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Sachiko KUNITAKE, Nobuaki MATSUYAMA, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1988 Volume 54 Issue 5 Pages 640-642
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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